AP Psychology Module 22, 23, 24, 25
NREM-2 (stage 2)
20 minutes, periodic sleep spindles
How much of an average night's sleep do we spend in REM?
20 to 25%
circadian rythym
24 hour cycle of day and night
how many stages of sleep are there in a cycle?
4
How long does a full sleep cycle last?
90 minutes
What diseases is medical marijuana used for?
AIDS, glaucoma, cancer
Alcohol Use disorder
Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use
What do most psychologists believe about his dream theories today?
Do not believe it
what machine do they use to study sleep?
EEG
What are some of the effects of getting too little sleep?
Falling asleep in class, no energy, weight gain
Who is responsible for this theory that we dream to satisfy our wishes?
Freud
What 4 substance use disorders must you meet to be diagnosed with substance use disorder?
Impaired Control, Social Impairment, Risky Use, Drug Action
What are the nicknames for synthetic marijuana?
K2 or spice
During what stage does sleepwalking happen?
NREM-3
During what stage of sleep do night terrors happen?
NREM-3
Is alcohol a stimulant in small doses?
No
What happens if you deprive yourself of REM sleep for many days in a row?
REM Rebound- REM sleep increases if you are deprived of it
Do you think sleep deprivation has had any effect on you?
Yes, I am sleep deprived right now as I am writing this at 1AM. In fact, today I took a math test and since I was so sleep deprived I got something wrong that I should have gotten right.
Psychoactive Drugs
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light, SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.
Cocaine
a powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria
LSD
a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid
Methamphetamine
a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS, w speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
Nicotine
a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco
Marijuana (THC)
addictive bc of THC, triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
How much do most adults sleep a night?
adults sleep no more than one third (8 hours)
What 2 things can change our circadian rhythm?
age and experience
Manifest Content
apparent and remembered story line
NREM-1 (stage 1)
brief, experience fantastic images resembling hallucinations
sleep spindles
bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity
Who do night terror usually affect?
children
Addiction
compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known adverse consequences
Substance Use Disorder
continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/ or physical risk
list 5 examples of state of mind
day dreaming, drowsiness, dreaming, sensory deprivation, hypnosiss
What is the difference between daydreams and REM dreams?
daydreams= familiar details in life REM dreams= hallucinations, vivid, emotional
NREM-3 (stage 3 and 4)
deep sleep, slow-wave, 30 minutes, brain emits large, slow delta waves and it is hard to wake you up
What effect does alcohol have on memory?
disrupts memory formation
What neurotransmitters does meth trigger?
dopamine
What neurotransmitters are effected by cocaine?
dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine
Barbiturates
drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
Stimulants
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
Depressants
drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
What do people use stimulants for?
energy
hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
What makes insomnia worse?
fretting about insomnia
What is the cause of narcolepsy?
genes/ absence of hypothalamic neural center
What is the long term price of opiates?
gnawing craving for another fix, discomfort with withdrawal, need for larger doses
What are some of the effects of Marijuana?
hallucinations, amplified sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes, and smells, relaxes people
REM Sleep Characteristics
hour after you fall asleep, go back into NREM-2, 10 minutes your waves become rapid and saw-toothed, heart rate rises, breathing becomes rapid and irregular, dreams
What effect does expectancy have on drinking?
if people think they have been drinking they will behave differently
What is the effect of a large dose of barbiturates?
impair memory and judgement
what happens to NREM-3 sleep as the night goes on?
it grows shorter and eventually disappears
List 5 reasons that sleep may have evolved
modern lighting, shift work, social media, bright light, school work all push circadian rhythm out of wack
Ex of opiates
morphine and heroin
What are the causes/ warning signs of sleep apnea?
obesity, loud snoring, high blood pressure
Opiates
opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, lessen pain and anxiety
Remember from the brain chapter- what are opiates used for?
pain relief
When you take an opiate, what does your brain stop producing?
painkilling neurotransmitters
Sleep
periodic, natural loss of consciousness--as distinct from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation
Hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
REM Sleep
rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active.
How does alcohol effect your self control?
reduces it
What are quick fixes to insomnia?
sleeping pills and alcohol, but they make the problem worse
What does it mean that alcohol is a disinhibitor?
slow brain activity that controls judgement and inhibitions
Why, biologically, does alcohol relax the drinker?
slows neural processing
Ecstasy (MDMA)
synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-prod1ucing neurons and to mood and cognition
Tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the effect
Withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior
delta waves
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Alpha Waves
the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
A drug's overall effect depends on what two things?
tolerance, addiction
What does ecstasy do to your brain?
triggers dopamine release
How much do newborns sleep per night?
two-thirds of their day (16 hours)
Latent Content
unconscious drives and wishes that would be threatening if expressed directly
What are barbiturates commonly used for?
used as tranquilizers
What can happen to sensory stimuli that occur while you sleep?
woven into dream