AP World Study Guide: Chapter 9

schism

1054 final split in the roman catholic church

Ottomans

1453 Conquered Constantinople

islam

After the reign of Justinian, ____________ was pressuring byzantine at every turn. Constantinople was attacked over and over.

natural resources

Because it was basically a city made of floating buildings, what did Venice lack?

china

Byzantine had a very organized government- similar to?

cyril

Byzantine missionary responsible for creation of slavic written script.

Russia

Byzantium greatly influenced...

catholics and the orthodox church

Christianity split into two groups, what two groups?

hellenism

Classical philosophy that the byzantines embraced

higher taxes and weakening small farmers.

Constant war in Constantinople/ byzantine led to...

the ottomans

Due to byzantine loosing its christian dominance, who will become supreme?

Justinian

Emperor who codified the law and failed to keep his re-conquered lands.

Rurik

First prince of Kiev Rus

hagia sophia

Great domed church constructed during reign of justinian

it was the center of everything.

How did Constantinople make other cities weak?

Cut them of from Byzantine.

How did Mongol rule isolate Russia?

Kidnapped Christian boys and turned them into eunuchs

How did the Ottomans make sure that their nobles would not try to take over their empire?

both European and then not European

How did western Europe regard Russia for centuries?

last long; 1300-1919; was very rich

How does the Ottoman Empire stand out in world history?

icons

Images of religious figures venerated by byzantine christians

short lived plague; this disease would reappear for centuries, devastating europe.

In 540, a pandemic struck, what was the pandemic?

yaroslav i

Issued legal codification for russia

-several issues divided them -the supremacy of the pope in rome -differing rituals used in worship services -the use of religious icons

List some issues that divided the catholics and orthodox church.

Constantinople

Named for Constantine and capital of the byzantine Empire; crossroads

tatars

Nickname for mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th century

mongols

Prince Dmitri Donskoi made war on the ___________ and defeated them at Kulikovo field.

mongols

Russia ended up in its current shape largely because of the...

boyard

Russian land-holding aristocrats

crusades

Series of events that weakened the Byzantine Empire

greek; latin

The Byzantine Empire became more ___________ than _________ over time.

Napoleon and Hitler

The Mongols conquered Russia during the winter. This is a feat that both _________ and ___________ failed at.

iconoclasm

The breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th century.

vikings

The people who originally settled Kiev might have been from around the Black Sea, but an older theory says that they might have been....

trade

This lack of natural resources in Venice meant that Venice, could not grow economically unless it relied on what?

Glass and textile

Trade was the foundation of Venice's economy, but they did also produce things there. Name two of these things.

Suleiman

Under which rule did the Ottoman Empire reac its greatest size?

Galleys and Cogs

Venetians were famous for their ship-buildings. What two types of ships were built in Venice.

both benefit

Venice and the Ottoman Empire demonstrate that healthy relationships have to be "mutually beneficial" to work. What does that phrase mean?

Masked the spoiled taste

Venice became the largest European power due to its trade in pepper. What important use did pepper have int he days before refrigeration?

Adriatic

Venice is a city made up of hundreds of islands locate din the northern tip of what sea?

law codes

We know that trade was hugely important to Kiev because they ended wars with trade treaties and their_______________ were heavily devoted to the subject of commerce.

Moscow

What Russian city rose to prominence as a result of Mongol policies?

Ivan III (The Great)

What Russian ruler stopped paying tribute to the Mongol khan?

they became Byzantine Christians

What change did the Grand Prince Vladimir enact in Kiev in the 11th century?

eastern orthodox church

What church established its headquarters in this city in 1325?

trade between Europe and Islamic World

What did the relationship between Venice and the Ottoman Empire establish?

east and west

What does the sculpture of the two headed eagle represent in the Byzantine Empire?

St Mark

What famous figure from the New Testament is purportedly buried in the piazza San Marco in Venice?

They became bonded to the land they farmed for life; they were basically slave.

What happened to peasants that fell into tax debt in Kiev?

Greek

What ideas had the Muslims preserved and built upon?

Byzantium developed a highly centralized government that emphasized bureaucracy over military power and Rome did not.

What is one thing that Byzantium did that Rome did not do.

republic

What kind of government did Venice have, making it unusual for its time?

pork

What kind of meat do Muslims avoid eating or handling?

leaders have to be elected

What must be true for a government to be called a republic?

ivan the worst

What nickname did Ivan IV earn during the second part of his reign?

europe and asia

What two continents did Constantinople link together?

autocratic

What type of rule characterized Russia for most of its history after him?

Tried to revive a unified roman empire

What was Justinian's main goal

trade treaties

What was Venice quick to arrange with their neighbors?

New trade routes

What was the most important result of the way that Venice and the Ottoman Empire controlled trade?

doge

What was the ruler of Venice called?

Theodora

Who is emperor Justinian's wife

it had the fewest restrictions on food and drinking

Why did Vladimir choose christianity

Indian Ocean for trade

Why was the Ottoman Empire more valuable than the Roman Empire, even though it was only half the size?

it was a surprise

Why was the first crusade successful

they were tired

Why were the Kievan Rus easy targets for the Mongols when they attacked in the 1200s?

viking descendants

___________________ began to take control around the city of kiev.

greek

bible language in the east

latin

bible language in the west

855 C.E.

date: Rurik becomes king of Kievan Rus

1054 C.E.

date: Schism in the church

1071 C.E.

date: battle of Manzikert

1241 C.E.

date: capture of Constantinople by the Turks

565 C.E.

date: death of justinian

1453 C.E.

date: end of Mongol invasions of Russia

kiev

established by Scandinavians and becomes capital of early russia

appointed

governors were ____________ from Constantinople.

emperor

head of church in the east

pope

head of church in the west

muslim

in 1461, the byzantine empire is under ________________ control for good.

theodora

justinian's wife

byzantine

known as 2nd rome

russia

known as 3rd rome

hereditary

military service was___________ & fairly successful.

conquer kievan in the winter

mongols were one of the only people to what?

Greek Fire

napalm type weapon the Byzantines used

marriage allowed

priests celibacy in the east

no marriage

priests celibacy in the west

Constantinople

regulated trade; if it fell-so did trade (globalization)

vladimir i

ruler of kiev that converted kingdom to orthodox christianity

tsar

slavic version of caesar

christian

the fall of the byzantine empire ended what dominance in the area.

cyril and methodus

two missionaries

merchants

wealthy, but had little power

vladimir

who converted the whole country back to christianity way after it had died out.

emperor

who was the head of state and church in Byzantium?