apes first test
acid precipitation directly causes
chemical weathering
the smallest particle of soil is known as
clay
mantle
containing molten rock also known as magma
which type of boundary does subduction occur?
convergent plate boundary
which layer of the earth is primarily nickel and iron
core
seafloor spreading
creates new lithosphere and brings important elements such as copper, lead, and silver to the surface of Earth
athropogenic
derived from human activities
indicators
describe the current state of an environmental system
sustainable development
development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations
which type of boundary does seafloor spreading occur
divergent plate boundary
which term refers to a point on earth surface directly above, and earthquake
epicenter
soil
is a mix of geologic and organic components
natural law
is a theory to which there are no known expectations and which has withstood rigorous testing
igenous rock
rock formed from hardened molten materials
intrusive igneous rock
rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface
metamorphic rock
rock that has been changed by heat and pressure
earthquake epicenters are often at
subduction zones
the chemical weathering process of hydrolysis breaks down rock that reacts with
sulfuric acid
divergent plate boundaries
tectonic plates spreading apart, new crust being formed (ex. mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys).
At what type of boundary do tectonic plates plates move sideways past each other
transform fault boundary
ecosystem diversity
variety of habitats, living communities, and ecological processes in the living world
fault
A break in the earth's crust
species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
this soil is known as the topsoil
A horizon
Precipitation
Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface.
physical weathering
Any process that breaks rock down into smaller pieces without changing the chemistry of the rock; typically wind and water.
fractures
Cracks that occur when rock cools and is subject to stresses causing it to crack.
plate tectonics
Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion
speciation
Formation of new species
Sustainability
Living on Earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources
which rock is formed at high temperatures and pressure
Metamorphic
Subduction
Occurs when one plate moves under another plate
subduction
One plate going under another plate
transform fault boundary
Plates move sideways past each other.
convergent plate boundaries
Plates move towards one another. Continental + Continental= Mountains. Oceanic goes under land, forms mountains and volcanos. Oceanic goes under other oceanic.
erosion
Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)
extrusive igneous rock
Rock that forms when magma cools above the surface of Earth
sedimentary rocks
Rocks formed from the weathering, erosion, depostion, and compaction of other rocks
biodiversity
The diversity of life forms in an environment
tailings
The nutrients that Leach downward in soil
chemical weathering
The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
genetic diversity
The range of genetic material present in a gene pool or population of a species.
where would you expect to find extrusive igneous rock
along the ocean floor
pitcher scale
a measure of the largest ground movement that occurs during an earthquake
null hypothesis
a statement or idea that can be falsified, or proved wrong
volcano
a vent in earths surface that emits ash, gases, and molten lava
the hawaiian island were formed
at a hot spot
The soil commonly known as subsoil
b horizon
tectonic cycle
is the sum of the processes that build up and break down the lithosphere
minerals
large solid chemical substances
asthenosphere
located in the outer part of the planet (is composed of semi-molten flexible rock)
biophilia
love of life
the liquid layer of the earth is the
mantle
the process of weathering produces what type of rock
metamorphic
hot spot
places where molten material from the mantle reaches the lithosphere
acid rain
rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids
lithosphere
the brittle outermost layer of the planet
crust
the chemically distinct outermost layer of the lithosphere
epicenter
the exact point on the surface of earth directly above the location where the rock ruptures
ecological footprint
the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.
base saturation
the proportion of soil bases to soil acids, expressed as a percentage
topography
the surface slope and arrangement of a landscape
climate
the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.
weathering
weathering occurs when a rock is exposed to air, water, certain chemical compounds, or biological agents
