Chapter 13

Which of the following was a consequence of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre?

A lengthy civil war

Which of the following contributed to the success of Martin Luther's reform efforts?

Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works

The dissolution of the English monasteries

Resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth

Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?

Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace

The Ursuline order of nuns focused on

the education of women

John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believed it would

Detract from the sovereignty of God

In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?

Securing reconciliation with the Protestants

Why was the pope unable to grant Henry VIII of England the annulment he desired?

The pope was essentially prisoner of Emperor Charles V

As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany

Became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their Prince

Why did Elizabeth I have her cousin and heir Mary, Queen of Scots, executed?

Mary was implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth

What was the name given to Catholic and Huguenots moderates in France?

Politiques

Luther's reforms spread rapidly, in part because the Holy Roman Empire was

made up of hundred of independent states

The Colloquy of Marburg

Failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist

The Edict of Nantes

Granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns

The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a

confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation

How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms?

Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices

The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was

To uplift the moral condition of both clergy and leity

France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to

Prevent Holy Roman Emperor Charles V from increasing his power

In Hungary, Lutheranism was

Spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg

The treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis ended the conflict known as

Habsburg-Valois Wars

How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?

Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified

Early-sixteenth-century critics of the clergy concentrated on three problems: clerical immorality, clerical ignorance, and clerical

pluralism

The pilgrimage of Grace attested to

Popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation

What was the name given to French calvinists?

Huegnots

Luther believed that the church consisted of

A spiritual priesthood of all Christian believers

Luther's claim that the papacy was exploiting Germany

Appealed to the national sentiment of German princes

The Reformation in England was primarily the result of

The dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII

In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues?

The immorality of priests who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy

How did the closing of monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?

Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women

Luther viewed celibacy as

Opposed to human nature and God's commandments

How was the choice to embrace or reject the Protestant reform movement made in each territory or region of the Holy Roman Empire?

The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms

Why did most ordinary Poles oppose the Lutheran reform movement?

They held strong anti-German feelings

Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?

They viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community

What was the fate of most people brought before the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft?

They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance

Martin Luther's first response to the Peasant's War was

To side with the peasants

What new religious order for women emerged in the sixteenth century?

Ursuline Order

In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that

Was a middle course between Catholic and Protestants extremes