Chapter 13
Which of the following was a consequence of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
A lengthy civil war
Which of the following contributed to the success of Martin Luther's reform efforts?
Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works
The dissolution of the English monasteries
Resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth
Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?
Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace
The Ursuline order of nuns focused on
the education of women
John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believed it would
Detract from the sovereignty of God
In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?
Securing reconciliation with the Protestants
Why was the pope unable to grant Henry VIII of England the annulment he desired?
The pope was essentially prisoner of Emperor Charles V
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany
Became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their Prince
Why did Elizabeth I have her cousin and heir Mary, Queen of Scots, executed?
Mary was implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth
What was the name given to Catholic and Huguenots moderates in France?
Politiques
Luther's reforms spread rapidly, in part because the Holy Roman Empire was
made up of hundred of independent states
The Colloquy of Marburg
Failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist
The Edict of Nantes
Granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns
The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a
confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation
How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms?
Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices
The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was
To uplift the moral condition of both clergy and leity
France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to
Prevent Holy Roman Emperor Charles V from increasing his power
In Hungary, Lutheranism was
Spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg
The treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis ended the conflict known as
Habsburg-Valois Wars
How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?
Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified
Early-sixteenth-century critics of the clergy concentrated on three problems: clerical immorality, clerical ignorance, and clerical
pluralism
The pilgrimage of Grace attested to
Popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation
What was the name given to French calvinists?
Huegnots
Luther believed that the church consisted of
A spiritual priesthood of all Christian believers
Luther's claim that the papacy was exploiting Germany
Appealed to the national sentiment of German princes
The Reformation in England was primarily the result of
The dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII
In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues?
The immorality of priests who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy
How did the closing of monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?
Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women
Luther viewed celibacy as
Opposed to human nature and God's commandments
How was the choice to embrace or reject the Protestant reform movement made in each territory or region of the Holy Roman Empire?
The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms
Why did most ordinary Poles oppose the Lutheran reform movement?
They held strong anti-German feelings
Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?
They viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community
What was the fate of most people brought before the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft?
They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance
Martin Luther's first response to the Peasant's War was
To side with the peasants
What new religious order for women emerged in the sixteenth century?
Ursuline Order
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that
Was a middle course between Catholic and Protestants extremes