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acid precipitation directly causes

chemical weathering

the smallest particle of soil is known as

clay

mantle

containing molten rock also known as magma

which type of boundary does subduction occur?

convergent plate boundary

which layer of the earth is primarily nickel and iron

core

seafloor spreading

creates new lithosphere and brings important elements such as copper, lead, and silver to the surface of Earth

athropogenic

derived from human activities

indicators

describe the current state of an environmental system

sustainable development

development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations

which type of boundary does seafloor spreading occur

divergent plate boundary

which term refers to a point on earth surface directly above, and earthquake

epicenter

soil

is a mix of geologic and organic components

natural law

is a theory to which there are no known expectations and which has withstood rigorous testing

igenous rock

rock formed from hardened molten materials

intrusive igneous rock

rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface

metamorphic rock

rock that has been changed by heat and pressure

earthquake epicenters are often at

subduction zones

the chemical weathering process of hydrolysis breaks down rock that reacts with

sulfuric acid

divergent plate boundaries

tectonic plates spreading apart, new crust being formed (ex. mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys).

At what type of boundary do tectonic plates plates move sideways past each other

transform fault boundary

ecosystem diversity

variety of habitats, living communities, and ecological processes in the living world

fault

A break in the earth's crust

species

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

this soil is known as the topsoil

A horizon

Precipitation

Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface.

physical weathering

Any process that breaks rock down into smaller pieces without changing the chemistry of the rock; typically wind and water.

fractures

Cracks that occur when rock cools and is subject to stresses causing it to crack.

plate tectonics

Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion

speciation

Formation of new species

Sustainability

Living on Earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources

which rock is formed at high temperatures and pressure

Metamorphic

Subduction

Occurs when one plate moves under another plate

subduction

One plate going under another plate

transform fault boundary

Plates move sideways past each other.

convergent plate boundaries

Plates move towards one another. Continental + Continental= Mountains. Oceanic goes under land, forms mountains and volcanos. Oceanic goes under other oceanic.

erosion

Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)

extrusive igneous rock

Rock that forms when magma cools above the surface of Earth

sedimentary rocks

Rocks formed from the weathering, erosion, depostion, and compaction of other rocks

biodiversity

The diversity of life forms in an environment

tailings

The nutrients that Leach downward in soil

chemical weathering

The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes

genetic diversity

The range of genetic material present in a gene pool or population of a species.

where would you expect to find extrusive igneous rock

along the ocean floor

pitcher scale

a measure of the largest ground movement that occurs during an earthquake

null hypothesis

a statement or idea that can be falsified, or proved wrong

volcano

a vent in earths surface that emits ash, gases, and molten lava

the hawaiian island were formed

at a hot spot

The soil commonly known as subsoil

b horizon

tectonic cycle

is the sum of the processes that build up and break down the lithosphere

minerals

large solid chemical substances

asthenosphere

located in the outer part of the planet (is composed of semi-molten flexible rock)

biophilia

love of life

the liquid layer of the earth is the

mantle

the process of weathering produces what type of rock

metamorphic

hot spot

places where molten material from the mantle reaches the lithosphere

acid rain

rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids

lithosphere

the brittle outermost layer of the planet

crust

the chemically distinct outermost layer of the lithosphere

epicenter

the exact point on the surface of earth directly above the location where the rock ruptures

ecological footprint

the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.

base saturation

the proportion of soil bases to soil acids, expressed as a percentage

topography

the surface slope and arrangement of a landscape

climate

the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

weathering

weathering occurs when a rock is exposed to air, water, certain chemical compounds, or biological agents


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