APES Unit 1

commensalism

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Parasitism

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

mutualism

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

Which of the following best describes a terrestrial ecosystem that will have the highest net primary productivity? A. Warm temperatures, high rainfall, and consistent sunlight B. Hot temperatures, low rainfall, and consistent sunlight C. Cold temperatures, high rainfall, and inconsistent sunlight D. Warm temperatures, low rainfall, and inconsistent sunlight

A. Warm temperatures, high rainfall, and consistent sunlight

net primary productivity

The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis.

The phosphorus cycle

The phosphates absorbed by animal tissue through consumption eventually return to the soil.

Gross primary productivity

The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area.

conversion of nitrogen gas into usable forms available to producers

nitrogen fixation

Bacteria

organism required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification

Ice caps

smaller reservoirs of freshwater

nitrogen assimilation

the formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the environment

Key component of the hydrologic cycle that powers the movement of water

the sun

A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480kilocalories/meter2/year and a net primary productivity of 2,000kilocalories/meter2/year. Which of the following is the approximate number of kilocalories/meter2/year available to herbivores in that biome?

200kilocalories/meter2/year

The majority of the nitrogen on Earth can be found in reservoirs

The atmosphere

Which terrestrial biomes have the highest primary productivity per unit area and net primary productivity

tropical rain forest

Carbon sink that holds carbon compounds for the shortest period of time

vegetation

hydrologic cycle

water from the ocean evaporates and condenses in the atmosphere

nitrogen fixation

process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use

Carbon Cycle

processes of buffering ocean pH and photosynthesis

This rate of reaction can be measured in the dark by determining the amount of oxygen gas consumed in a period of time.

cellular respiration

Phytoplankton

trophic level that represents a primary producer in an aquatic food chain