APHG Chapter 6 - Religion (KBAT Vocab)
Hierarchical Religion
A Religious authority that moves from a central person/node down through structured levels
Diocese
A district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
Denomination
A division that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body (Baptists, Lutheran, etc.)
Missionary
A person of a particular faith that travels in order to recruit new members into the faith represented
Sect
A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination
Pilgrimage
A religious journey (The Camino de Santiago)
Religion
A set of modified spiritual beliefs and rituals
Cosmogony
A theory of origin for the universe (Gon - production, origin Cosmo - universe)
Halloween
All Hallows Eve originated from Celtic festival Samhain (Day when souls of the dead were available)
Syncretism
Blending or combining of several traditions
Interfaith boundary
Boundaries between areas of a religion (Differences between religions)
Intrafaith boundary
Boundaries within areas of a religion (Northern Ireland vs. Southern Ireland)
Origins of Religions
Buddhism - 2,500 years old (Modern day India) Christianity - 2,000 years old (Modern day Israel) Islam - 1,500 years old (Modern day Saudi Arabia)
Christian Places of Worship
Churches are seen as houses of God
Autonomous Religion
Contract to hierarchical, Local religious groups manage their own activity (Example - Islam)
Diffusion of Buddhism
Diffused slowly from Northeast India
Ethnic Calendar Focus
Ethnic holidays relate more to natural events (Seasons, agriculture, etc.)
Animism
Ethnic religion that asserts that natural things and events have spirits and conscious life
Judaism
First recorded monotheist religion (Monotheistic - only one God)
Diffusion of Christianity
Hierarchical - Emperor Constantine spread Christianly hierarchically through the Roman Empire
Universalizing Religious Landscapes
Holy places associated with events from the founder (Jesus, Muhammad, Buddha)
Ethnic Religious Landscapes
Holy places that are tied into the physical geography of the region of origin (Mountains, rivers, coasts, etc.)
Diffusion of Buddhism pt. 2
Introduced to China along trade routes during the 1st century AD
Buddhism branches
Mahayana - 56% of Buddhists (China, Japan, and Korea) Theravada - 38% of all Buddhists (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand) Vajravana - 6% of Buddhists (Tibet, Mongolia)
Conflict in the Middle East
Members of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have sought for control over the Eastern Mediterranean coast for 2,000 years (Jerusalem is divided into quarters)
Diffusion of Islam pt. 2
Missions to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia
Muslim Places of Worship
Mosques are for community assembly
Diffusion of Islam
Muhammad's successors spread military through Africa, Asia, and Europe
Ethnic Religion
Often remain within the culture of origin (More clustered distribution than universalizing)
Buddhist Places of Worship
Pagodas are ornate, include many sided towers with tiers and balconies
Evangelical Religions
Religion in which an effort is made to spread a particular belief system
Global religion
Religion in which members are numerous and widespread with doctrines that appeal to different people from any religion of the globe
Universalizing Religions
Religion that seeks to unite people from all over the globe
Local religion
Religions that are spiritually bound to particular regions
Diffusion of Christianity pt. 2
Relocation - Missionaries spread the word (religion) as well as migrants migrating around the world
Religious settlement example
Salt Lake City
Islam branches
Sunni - 83% of Muslims worldwide (SW Asia and N Africa) Shiite - 16% of Muslims worldwide (Middle-east)
Caste System
System that gives a particular place in the social hierarchy from birth
Government vs. Religion conflict
Taliban took control of government and banned "Western, non-Islamic" leisure activities
Secularism
The belief that religion should not play a role in government, education, or other public parts of society
Branch
The large and fundamental division within a religion (Roman Catholic, Protestant)
Zionism
The movement for the creation and support of a Jewish national state
Shamanism
The range of traditional beliefs and practices centered on activities of a shaman
Shaman
The single person who takes on the roles of priest, counselor, and physician. They also act as a conduit to the supernatural world
Fundamentalism
The strict adherence to a particular doctrine
Universalizing Calender Focus
Universalizing holidays relate to founder life events
Religion vs. Religion conflict
Wars in Ireland between Protestants and Catholics