APHG Chapter 6 - Religion (KBAT Vocab)

Hierarchical Religion

A Religious authority that moves from a central person/node down through structured levels

Diocese

A district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.

Denomination

A division that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body (Baptists, Lutheran, etc.)

Missionary

A person of a particular faith that travels in order to recruit new members into the faith represented

Sect

A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination

Pilgrimage

A religious journey (The Camino de Santiago)

Religion

A set of modified spiritual beliefs and rituals

Cosmogony

A theory of origin for the universe (Gon - production, origin Cosmo - universe)

Halloween

All Hallows Eve originated from Celtic festival Samhain (Day when souls of the dead were available)

Syncretism

Blending or combining of several traditions

Interfaith boundary

Boundaries between areas of a religion (Differences between religions)

Intrafaith boundary

Boundaries within areas of a religion (Northern Ireland vs. Southern Ireland)

Origins of Religions

Buddhism - 2,500 years old (Modern day India) Christianity - 2,000 years old (Modern day Israel) Islam - 1,500 years old (Modern day Saudi Arabia)

Christian Places of Worship

Churches are seen as houses of God

Autonomous Religion

Contract to hierarchical, Local religious groups manage their own activity (Example - Islam)

Diffusion of Buddhism

Diffused slowly from Northeast India

Ethnic Calendar Focus

Ethnic holidays relate more to natural events (Seasons, agriculture, etc.)

Animism

Ethnic religion that asserts that natural things and events have spirits and conscious life

Judaism

First recorded monotheist religion (Monotheistic - only one God)

Diffusion of Christianity

Hierarchical - Emperor Constantine spread Christianly hierarchically through the Roman Empire

Universalizing Religious Landscapes

Holy places associated with events from the founder (Jesus, Muhammad, Buddha)

Ethnic Religious Landscapes

Holy places that are tied into the physical geography of the region of origin (Mountains, rivers, coasts, etc.)

Diffusion of Buddhism pt. 2

Introduced to China along trade routes during the 1st century AD

Buddhism branches

Mahayana - 56% of Buddhists (China, Japan, and Korea) Theravada - 38% of all Buddhists (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand) Vajravana - 6% of Buddhists (Tibet, Mongolia)

Conflict in the Middle East

Members of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have sought for control over the Eastern Mediterranean coast for 2,000 years (Jerusalem is divided into quarters)

Diffusion of Islam pt. 2

Missions to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia

Muslim Places of Worship

Mosques are for community assembly

Diffusion of Islam

Muhammad's successors spread military through Africa, Asia, and Europe

Ethnic Religion

Often remain within the culture of origin (More clustered distribution than universalizing)

Buddhist Places of Worship

Pagodas are ornate, include many sided towers with tiers and balconies

Evangelical Religions

Religion in which an effort is made to spread a particular belief system

Global religion

Religion in which members are numerous and widespread with doctrines that appeal to different people from any religion of the globe

Universalizing Religions

Religion that seeks to unite people from all over the globe

Local religion

Religions that are spiritually bound to particular regions

Diffusion of Christianity pt. 2

Relocation - Missionaries spread the word (religion) as well as migrants migrating around the world

Religious settlement example

Salt Lake City

Islam branches

Sunni - 83% of Muslims worldwide (SW Asia and N Africa) Shiite - 16% of Muslims worldwide (Middle-east)

Caste System

System that gives a particular place in the social hierarchy from birth

Government vs. Religion conflict

Taliban took control of government and banned "Western, non-Islamic" leisure activities

Secularism

The belief that religion should not play a role in government, education, or other public parts of society

Branch

The large and fundamental division within a religion (Roman Catholic, Protestant)

Zionism

The movement for the creation and support of a Jewish national state

Shamanism

The range of traditional beliefs and practices centered on activities of a shaman

Shaman

The single person who takes on the roles of priest, counselor, and physician. They also act as a conduit to the supernatural world

Fundamentalism

The strict adherence to a particular doctrine

Universalizing Calender Focus

Universalizing holidays relate to founder life events

Religion vs. Religion conflict

Wars in Ireland between Protestants and Catholics