APUSH Chapter 21

During the Civil War, Grant lost one man for every ____, and Lee lost one man for every ____.

10, 5

Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) the Battle of Bull Run, (B) the Battle of Gettysburg, (C) Lee's surrender at Appomattox, and (D) the Battle of Antietam.

A, D, B, C

In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln's running mate was

Andrew Johnson.

The Union army's success in the capture of ____ was probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864.

Atlanta and Mobile

Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because

Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war.

When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in

Confederate states still in rebellion against the United States.

Clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and a tempestuous opponent of the draft and of the war, was derisively labeled by supporters of President Lincoln as a

Copperhead.

All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except A. mounting opposition in the North to an "abolition war." B. sharp increases in Union desertions. C. heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln's administration. D. a deterioration of the diplomatic position of the Union concerning its relations with European nations. E. complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough.

D. a deterioration of the diplomatic position of the Union concerning its relations with European nations.

Scholars dispute whether the Civil War marked a watershed in American history for all of the following reasons except A. racial inequality persisted long after the war. B. industrial growth of the post-Civil War years had its real roots decades earlier in the Jacksonian era. C. regional differences between the North and South continued, even into the present. D. the Union victory did not have a significant effect on the constitutional expansion of federal government power. E. the Civil War may have retarded overall national industrialization rather than advancing it.

D. the Union victory did not have a significant effect on the constitutional expansion of federal government power.

The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance for all of the following reasons except A. it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade. B. coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost. C. it helped to quell Northern peace agitation. D. it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana. E. it was the last major battle of the Civil War.

E. it was the last major battle of the Civil War.

After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except A. cutting the Confederacy in half by seizing the Mississippi River. B. marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas. C. blockading the Confederacy's coastline. D. liberating the slaves to undermine the southern economy. E. striking deep into the Confederacy via the Appalachian Mountain chain.

E. striking deep into the Confederacy via the Appalachian Mountain chain.

The Civil War resulted in all of the following except A. expanded federal powers of taxation. B. the end of nullification and secession. C. the creation of the first federal social welfare agency. D. the end of slavery. E. the end of protective tariffs and isolationism.

E. the end of protective tariffs and isolationism.

A Confederate victory at Antietam in September 1862 probably would have won the Confederacy independence because

France and Britain were on the verge of recognizing the Confederate government and providing it with critically needed military assistance.

In the l864 election, the Democratic party nominated ____ to oppose Lincoln's reelection.

George McClellan

The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were

Gettysburg and Antietam.

As a result of the Union fighting to a draw militarily at Antietam Creek with Robert E. Lee's Confederate army

Lincoln was now prepared to issue his Emancipation Proclamation

The political group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the

Northern War Democrats.

As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign

The Union turned toward a strategy of total war

In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the ____ party.

Union

The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because

Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.

As a theorist of warfare, General William T. Sherman was

a pioneer of the strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale.

One consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare was

a shorter war that saved lives.

Union General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the Civil War involved

assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously, massively, and directly.

During the Civil War,

blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.

After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of

consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.

General Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to

deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement and encourage foreign intervention on behalf of the South.

Following a historic battle in March 1862 with a tiny Union ironclad warship, the Monitor , the Confederate blockade runner, the Merrimack, was

destroyed by Confederate soldiers to keep it out of the hands of Union troops.

African Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War

included the brave and accomplished 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, which suffered heavy casualties during the Union siege of Fort Wagner, South Carolina in 1863.

In invading Maryland, one of General Lee's key objectives was to

inspire the Border States, particularly the wavering Maryland, to join the Confederacy and its secessionist cause.

After defeating McClellan at the Second Battle of Bull Run, Robert E. Lee decided to

invade the Union via Maryland.

The North's victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to

issue the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, making the Civil War more of a moral crusade against slavery.

President Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run (Manassas Junction) would

lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond.

Southern slaves ran away to Union camps at the rate of

one in three.

The Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army as fighting soldiers

only a month before the war ended.

George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, is best described as

overly cautious.

The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it

probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.

At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored

quick military action to show the folly of secession.

Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the

ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

The South's victory at Bull Run (Manassas Junction) in 1861

reduced enlistments in the South's army.

Northern soldiers became increasingly convinced of slavery's evils when

slaves ran away to Union camps and persevered against all odds.

The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of

strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.

One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was

the Union's discovery of General Robert E. Lee's battle plans.

The Union's defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because

the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war.

The most serious Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from

the ironclad Merrimack (renamed the Virginia) warship, which destroyed two wooden ships of the Union navy off the Chesapeake Bay and threatened to destroy many more wooden Union warships.

Aside from ending slavery, blacks enlisted into the Union Army because they

wanted to prove their manhood and strengthen their postwar claim to full American citizenship.

After halting Lee's troops at Antietam, General George McClellan

was removed from his field command.

Slaves hindered the Confederacy's war efforts by

work slowdowns and strikes that diminished productivity, instilling a fear of insurrections, creating the need for white men to guard slaves when they could have been on the warfront, serving as spies, guides and scouts for the Union army. (All of these choices are correct.)