APUSH Unit 7 STUDY GUIDE !!!!!

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified. A. Andrew Carnegie 1. steel B. John D. Rockefeller 2. oil C. J. Pierpont Morgan 3. tabacco D. James Duke 4. banking

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the

American Federation of Labor.

Which one of the following is least like the other four?

Closed shop

Which of the following was NOT among the common forms of corruption practiced by the wealthy railroad barons?

Forcing their employees to buy railroad company stock

Which of the following was the most broadly based labor organization in the late nineteenth century?

Knights of Labor

What best accounts for the sharp increase of immigrants during the period 1880-1910?

Many southern and eastern Europeans turned to America for financial gain and political freedom.

Which of the following was NOT among the technologies invented or improved by Thomas A. Edison?

The electric dynamo

What was the basis for the social gospel that some churches embraced in the late nineteenth century?

To emphasize justice and charity, as found in the Bible

America's first billion-dollar corporation was

United States Steel.

In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won

an eight-hour day for government workers.

The depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as a

battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives.

Americans offered growing support for a free public education system

because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 was aimed primarily at

curbing abusive pricing and hauling policies by the nation's railroads.

All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants

dominated the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

The development of electric trolleys in the late nineteenth century transformed the American city by

enabling cities to build upward as well as outward. NOT RIGHT

John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved

forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard oil or lose their business.

The Pullman strike created the first instance of

government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike.

J.P. Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)

interlocking dictorate.

The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when

labor would own and operate businesses and industries.

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

land grants and loans.

Settlement houses, such as Hull House, engaged in all of the following activities except

lobbying for social reform. IDK

The vast, integrated, continental U.S. market greatly enhanced the American inclination toward

mass manufacturing of standardized industrial products.

American novelists' turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected the

materialism and conflicts of the new industrial society.

The two industries that the transcontinental railroads MOST significantly expanded were

mining and agriculture.

Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except

opposed to factory labor.

In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress

passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.

Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman episode

proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts against working people.

Large numbers of Europeans were persuaded to come to America to farm on the northern frontier by

railroad agents who offered to sell them cheap land.

Someone who emigrated to the United States during the nineteenth century probably chose his or her new hometown based on where

relatives already lived

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it

represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.

Immigrants coming to America from Eastern and Southern Europe during the late nineteenth century were most likely to

settle in large cities in the Northeast or Midwest.

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was

sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties.

The two major sources of funding for the powerful new American research universities were

state land grants and wealthy, philanthropic industrialists.

Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in

the use of federal troops during strikes.

By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless

the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.

Believers in the doctrine of "survival of the fittest," like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, believed that

the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor.

While big city political bosses and their machines were often criticized, they proved necessary and effective in the new urban environment because

they were more effective in serving urban immigrants' needs than weak state or local governments.

Two technological innovations that greatly expanded the industrial employment of women in the late nineteenth century were the

typewriter and the telephone.

John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve his domination of the oil industry except

using federal agents to break his competitors.

The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880

were culturally different from previous immigrants.

By the late nineteenth century, most of the Old Immigrant groups from northern and Western Europe

were largely accepted as American, even though they often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods.