APUSH Unit Exam Ch.28-33

Langston Hughes

A leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance who describes the rich culture of African Americans life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance in poems such as "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "My People".

FDR' court packing scheme

A move by President to increase the size of the Supreme Court and then bring in several new justices who would change the balance of opinion on the Court. Roosevelt proposed to pack the court in the 1930s, when several conservative justices were inclined to declare parts of his program, the New Deal, unconstitutional. Congress would not allow the number of justices to be increased, and Roosevelt was criticized for trying to undermine the independence of the Court.

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality. "Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal right of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality." - Franklin D Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech The ideas expressed in the excerpt differed from the prevailing United States approach to foreign policy issues primarily in that Roosevelt was (A) arguing to expand the role of the United States in the world (B) encouraging the United States to avoid political entanglements in Europe (C) seeking to promote United States influence throughout Latin America (D) encouraging new laws that would give the United States international police power

A. Arguing to expand the role of the United States in the world

Based off the picture by Jacob Riis in the provided link: https://goo.gl/images/a4mKnN The conditions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in the late nineteenth century? (A) the growing gap between rich and poor (B) the rise of the settlement house and Populist movements (C) increased corruption in urban politics (D) the migration of African Americans to the North in the late nineteenth century

A. The growing gap between rich and poor

Based off the picture by Jacob Riis in the provided link: https://goo.gl/images/a4mKnN Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following? A. The passage of laws restriciting immigration to the United States B. An increase in Progressive reform activity C. A decline in efforts to Americanize immigrants D. The weakening of labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor

B. An increase in Progressive reform activity

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality. "Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal right of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality." - FDR Quarantine Speech Which of the following best represents continuity in the years after 1945 with the ideas that Roosevelt expressed in the excerpt? A. The conviction and execution of suspected Soviet spies in the United States B. United States membership in an international peacekeeping body C. United States military commitment to countries battling communist insurgencies D. The rise of peace organizations opposed to the buildup and use of nuclear weapons

B. United States membership in an international peacekeeping body

What did Roosevelt mean by "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"?

By saying this, FDR was telling the American people that their fear was making things worse. He goes on to say, "nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance." By running to the banks and taking their money out they were causing more damage to the economy. Closing banks for several days and calling Congress back to Washington for a special session gave the American people and government time to calm down and make recovery plans.

Schenk v United States

• No right to free speech against the draft during World War I • First Amendment does not protect speech encouraging wartime insubordination

ww1 propaganda

- Promoted war bonds, etc, got people excited and involved in the war - used to recruit more soldiers, got people in Canada to conserve more, encouraged people to help out in any way they could, made people despise the Germans - Used through posters and used various methods to help make people believe in what government wanted them to believe.

"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque. . . . Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded." Muir's ideas are most directly a reaction to the (A) increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes (B) increase in urban populations, including immigrant workers attracted by a growing industrial economy (C) westward migration of groups seeking religious refuge (D) opening of a new frontier in recently annexed territory

(A) increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes

"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque. . . . Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded." Muir's position regarding wilderness was most strongly supported by which of the following? (A) Members of the Populist movement (B) Urban political bosses (C) American Indians living on reservations (D) Preservationists concerned about overuse of natural resources

(D) Preservationists concerned about overuse of natural resources

The Scopes Monkey Trial

1925. john scopes was a high school biology teacher in dayton, Tennessee, he was occused of violating tennessee law by teaching the theory of evolution to his students. some religious leaders rejected evolution, saying it denied the word of the Bible. a number of states, including tennessee, passed laws that banned the teaching of Darwin's theory. scopes wanted to challenge the law, so he announced that he taught evolution. the trial became a national sensation. the prosecutor was william jennings bryan, who had run for president 3 times. the defense attorney was clarence darrow, a famous chicago criminal defense lawyer. the trial seemed to pit modern, urban americans against traditional, rural americans. in the end, scopes was conviced and lost his job. laws against teaching evolution remained but were rarely enforced.

The Atlantic Charter

1941, outlined a vision in which a world would abandon their traditional beliefs in military alliances and spheres of influence and govern their relations with one another though democratic process, with an international organization serving as the arbiter of disputes and the protector of every nation's right of self determination.

Woodrow Wilson

28th President of the United States, known for WW1 Leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win US ratification), won Nobel peace prize His campaign slogan in 1916 was "He kept us out of war" which he ironically contradicted within 2 weeks of his presidency

"Excepting only Yosemite, Hetch Hetchy is the most attractive and wonderful valley within the bounds of the great Yosemite National Park and the best of all the camp grounds. People are now flocking to it in ever-increasing numbers for health and recreation of body and mind. Though the walls are less sublime in height than those of Yosemite, its groves, gardens, and broad, spacious meadows are more beautiful and picturesque. . . . Last year in October I visited the valley with Mr. William Keith, the artist. He wandered about from view to view, enchanted, made thirty-eight sketches, and enthusiastically declared that in varied picturesque beauty Hetch Hetchy greatly surpassed Yosemite. It is one of God's best gifts, and ought to be faithfully guarded." Which of the following aspects of Muir's description expresses a major change in Americans' views of the natural environment? (A) The idea that wilderness areas are worthy subjects for artistic works (B) The idea that wilderness areas serve as evidence of divine creation (C) The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state (D) The idea that mountainous scenery is more picturesque and beautiful than flat terrain

C. The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state

What is trust-busting? What was Teddy Roosevelt's position on it? and, How did the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 play into the Northern Securities case?

Companies that worked together to limit competition within an industry were called trusts. Although Teddy Roosevelt introduced trust-busting (breaking up these companies) he did not believe all trusts necessarily needed busting. This is the path of his Square Deal. One trust that had grown incredibly powerful was Northern Securities which was owned by J. P. Morgan and James J. Hill. This company had controlled competition within the railroad industry. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 had been passed but appeared useless because the Supreme Court's decisions had always favored big business. Roosevelt, however, chose to push his anti-trust policy and the Court voted 5-4 against the trust.

Based off the picture by Jacob Riis provided by the link: https://goo.gl/images/a4mKnN Advocates for individuals such as those shown in the image would have most likely agreed with which of the following perspectives? (A) The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was justified. (B) Capitalism, free of government regulation, would improve social conditions. (C) Both wealth and poverty are the products of natural selection. (D) Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society.

D. Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality. "Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal right of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality." - Franklin D Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech The excerpt best reflects an effort by Roosevelt to (A) encourage the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles (B) promote the acquisition of new territories abroad (C) contain the spread of Soviet-dominated communism (D) overcome opposition to participation in the impending Second World War

D. Overcome opposition to participation in the impending Second World War

4 freedoms from FDR speech

Freedom of speech and religion and freedom from want and fear.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

NYC, March 25, 1911; industrial disaster in the history of the city of New York, causing the death of 146 garment workers who either died from the fire or jumped to their deaths. It was the worst workplace disaster in New York City until September 11, 2001. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which fought for safer and better working conditions for sweatshop workers in that industry; located in the Asch Building

The Great Migration

The movement of African Americans from the South to the industrial centers of the Northeast and the Midwest. Causes for migration included decreasing cotton prices, the lack of immigrant workers in the North, increased manufacturing as a result of the war, and the strengthening of the KKK. Migration led to higher wages, more educational opportunities, and better standards of life for some blacks.

The Grapes of Wrath

The story follows the fortunes of a poor family as they travel from the Dust Bowl region to California based on the Great Depression written by John Steinbeck.

What law came into affect as a result of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?

The triangle shirtwaist fire resulted in the creation of the 54 hour bill. This bill stated that women and kids under the age of 18 work no more than 54 hours.

Red Scare

fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life; a period of general fear of communists

Social Security

federal program of disability and retirement benefits that covers most working people

Immigration Act of 1924

legislation that blocked Japanese immigration and set quotas for other nations based on the 1890 census; favored immigrants from northern and western Europe.

Fireside Chats

radio program hosted by Roosevelt to help american people keep their spirits up during the depression