Architectural Components Test 3
2 Separate Electrical Systems in most buildings:
1.Electrical system that distributes electrical energy 2. Electrical signal or communication system...transmits information via phone, cable TV, or separate data lines
Lighting/Electrical/Power/Data Plan - LEGEND
Everything shown on plan Must be shown on the legend Symbols Descriptions Heights of lighting elements Other information, such as notes
Furniture Schedule
Floor plan: drawing indicates furniture item & matches symbol in schedule
Reflected Ceiling Plan - Definition
Lighting/Electrical/Telephone/Power/Data Plan
Common Problems with Drawing, Specifications & Schedules
Omissions or gaps in info Inconsistent terminology Inconsistent use of symbols
Flush Doors
Smooth on both sides and are usually made of wood Standard size: 6'-8"high X 3'0" wide Hollow core doors have wood frame around the perimeter of a hollow shell (core)
Double Action Doors
Swing at an arc of 180 degrees Generally used in rooms that have a great deal of traffic & are opened & closed frequently
Construction Plans
Clear Concise Consistent Accurate
Windows
- Provide fresh air, ventilation, atmosphere, detail, and balance to the exterior of the house - Glass area should be at least 20 percent of floor area of the room - Windows placed higher on the wall provide a greater degree of light - Openings for ventilation should account for 10 % of floor area of room
Coded furniture and finish schedules
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Materials, Finishes, and Furniture
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Specifying Doors & Windows
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Details: specific architectural assemblies
A building or interior design project is a complex collection of components, which are connected to other parts ------------ requires DETAIL DRAWINGS to graphically 'explain' the construction elements &methods
Elevations
A drawing showing a vertical surface - a straight-on view No distortion as with a perspective All portions are at the same scale Curves or angles are projected onto a flat plane
Sections
A drawing showing what a part of the construction would look like if cut straight through with a continuous plane It shows a view that can expose the structure of the building Sections require line weights as means of describing depths & spatial relationships Section cut is always perpendicular to the plane of construction that will be exposed in detail
Details
Because details show complex information, usually are large-scale drawings of sections cut through a portion of construction In addition to showing materials cut by section, detail also shows what is beyond the section cut Scales: 1"=1'0", 1 ½"=1'0", 3"=1'0"
Elevations
Can indicate references to other sections & details w/ use of section cut lines (for construction drawings) View is apprx. 3' from wall to be indicated Scales: ¼"=1'0" for simple wall planes ½"=1'0" for more complex surfaces
Swinging Windows - 4 main types
Casement windows- opened or closed by crank Awning Windows- Many sashes and each sash is hinged to the top and wings out Hopper windows- In-swinging window, hinged at the bottom and opened at the top Jalousie- series of narrow horizontal slats
Reflected Ceiling Plan - Shows
Ceiling type & design The ceiling mounted lighting fixtures Ceiling mounted exit lighting Ceiling mounted HVAC Ceiling heights Sprinkler system
Dutch Doors
Composed of an upper and lower part The top section can be opened independently from the bottom Can be used in the kitchen, dining room, or as an exterior door
Specifications: are written information
Define quality Standards of required workmanship Design criteria Installation methods Standard of finishes Source of products
Distances and measurements to consider
Distance between receptacle outlets Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters Heights for switches, counter receptacles, GFIC outlets Outlets and controls for HC accessible per ADA place between 18" and 4' AFF
Door Details
Door jamb - frame which fits the rough opening, made up on three parts (two side jambs and one head jamb) Casing - the space between the jamb and rough framing Sill - is required at the bottom of the door in all exterior doors to drain water from the door
Door Jamb - problem with installation
Door jamb is cut too short, so does not meet the wood floor, once it is installed
Bifold Doors
Doors made of parts that come together to form the door Can be flush or paneled Usual widths are 1'-0" & 2'-0" - may be larger to fill door openings
Common problems found in drawings, schedules, and specifications.
Duplication and overlapping Omissions and gaps Inconsistent Terminology Inconsistent Use of Symbols
Specifying Doors and Windows
Each door shown on the floor plan should appear in the door schedule Information about doors can be located from the manufacturer's literature In Working Drawings: Door & Window Schedules should be placed on the same sheet as floor plan where doors are coded to this plan
Drawing, Specifications & Schedules What IS the difference & purpose of each?
Each provides specific information Each must closely coordinate with the other & cross-reference for clarity of information
Elevations for presentations
Elevations can visually convey both Interior and Exterior design ideas Realistic two-dimensional representations of all materials, finishes - no dimensions Color-rendered
Visual Communication Methods
Elevations, Sections, Details The How's & Why's
Exterior Doors
Exterior wood doors are not hollow & thicker than interior doors - 1 ¾" thick vs. Interior doors: 1 3/8" thick Exterior doors can be: flush, panel, sliding, or swinging Garage doors are considered exterior doors - come in a variety of dimensions based on the size of the garage
Accordion Doors
Frequently used to close large openings where other doors may not be acceptable Produced in a variety of materials and designs Doors are supported on a track
Schedules: are abbreviated notes
Further clarify specifics of plan Specify materials Indicate colors Room info: ex. ceiling heights Doors & windows: sizes, finishes, types Furnishings: size, finishes, types
Panel Doors
Heavy frame with cross members that form panels Stiles- vertical cross members Rails- horizontal cross members Panels can be made of wood, glass, metal or other material
Finish Schedule
Includes: Room # Room name Floor material Base Ceiling Walls: East, West, North, South
Sliding Windows
Most common types are sliding & double hung Sliding - have 2 or more sashes that slide on a horizontal track Double hung- have two sashes that slide up & down
French Doors
Panel doors with panels made from glass They are popular with patios and terraces Should be a minimum of 32" wide Lever or vertical handles can be used
Bifold Doors
Popular with large openings Frequently used as closet doors Doors are hung from a track, so width is not critical May be flush, paneled, louvered Main problem associated with sliding doors is warping due to unrestrained hinges
Window Schedule
Provides information about windows in the structure: size, identifying symbols, installation, manufacturers numbers, model, finish, material Window Schedule - placed on the same sheet as floor plan
Lighting/Electrical/Power/Data Plan
Receptacle outlets (GFICs) Switches Wiring Telephone jacks Computer jacks Special outlets Locations
Doors and windows perform a variety of functions
Shield an opening from the elements Add decoration Emphasize overall design Provide light and ventilation Expand visibility
Drawings: are a graphic presentation on information
Show relationship of space Size & structure Location of plan, form, shape limited materials & finishes
Reflected Ceiling Plan - RCP
Shows "reflected" plan as if you are looking at the ceiling with a mirror to show everything that is seen.
Drawings, Schedules & Specifications
These are complementary parts of the contract documents...However... Each serves a distinct purpose They must be closely coordinated to minimize misunderstandings discrepancies and oversights Ex. Tinted windows vs. untinted windows
Window Types
Three(3) types of windows typically used: Sliding windows Swinging windows Fixed windows Selection for windows is dependent upon: Function to be performed Architectural style Building codes Personal taste
When to use elevations?
To show design, configuration & finish of wall surfaces (which cannot be shown on floor plans) To show vertical dimensions, design of millwork, other freestanding construction elements Openings in walls, built-ins, materials & finishes on walls To show location of switches, thermostats Any wall-mounted equipment To show complex horizontal dimensions: wall panels (ie. block paneling) or cabinet units
Pocket Doors
Variation of the sliding door Hung from a track mounted on the head jamb Frequently used between rooms where floor space is limited Require no space along the wall to open Difficult to operate
Lighting/Electrical/Power/Data Plan
Walls are shown but not pouche' Windows shown Door openings shown (not door swings) Furniture can be shown (lighter line weight) Room names All pertinent notes for explanation
Interior doors include
flush, panel, bi-fold, sliding, pocket, double-action, accordion, Dutch and French