ARRT

The energy used to form MRI imaging is, , the patient's tissues

Emitted from

CSF suppression is performed with which type of technique

FLAIR

Image 73 is a diagram of which pulse sequence

Fast spin echo

Another term used for "fever" is

Febrile, defined as pertaining to or marked by fever; feverish.

Short TAU inversion recover, STIR, are typically used for the evaluation of all the following except.

Fluid, CSF

The imaging technique that employs a very rapid pulse sequence while the patient is at rest of performing a task is

Functional MRI

Which of the following is NOT a type of fomite found in an MRI environment

Injection syringe; a fomite is an object that carries microorganisms from one person to another via indirect contact.

The extent to which a material or tissue becomes magnetized in an external magnetic field is called

Magnetic susceptibility

A magnetic vector possesses attributes of both, , and , ,

Magnitude, or strength, and direction

Letter E in Image 66 is pointing to

Mitral valve

In a medical malpractice lawsuit, the, , must be able to prove medical malpractice

Patient plaintiff

Letter H in image 74 represents

Peak signal for echo

Letter C in image 76 represents

Phase encoding gradient

In a fast spin echo sequence, the number of shots is calculated by

Phase encoding, ETL

Which of the following sequences is the most insensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneity

Spin Echo; SE sequences contain 180 degree RF refocusing pulse, which aid in correcting for local field inhomogeneity, therefore making them the most insensitive to chemical shift, susceptibility or inhomogeneity

Referencing the centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, what type of isolation precautions should be used for HIV-positive patients in the MRI suite

Standard universal precautions

If the TR in a gradient echo sequence is less than the T2, or T2*, the resulting condition is known as

Steady state

In a Fast Spin Echo Sequence, acquired with a short echo time, TE, yielding T1 or PD weighted images, blurring can be reduced by

Using Shorter ETL, Echo Train Lengths

When parallel imaging techniques are utilized, a low resolution, , is acquired prior to the acquisition

Calibration Scan

Which of the following field strengths would require the shortest TI time to suppress the signal from fat when performing a STIR sequence in an MRI of the ankle

0.5 T

In a dual contrast spin echo sequence with echo times of 25 ms and 90 ms, the second echo image has, , than the first echo image: 1) More T2 contrast 2) Lower signal-to-noise ration 3) more T1 contrast

1) More T2 contrast 2) Lower signal-to-noise ration Longer TE's provide more T2 contrast, but reduced SNR ratios

As the TR is increased, 1) SNR is increased 2) Available number of slices is increased 3) T2 information is maximized

1) SNR is increased 2) Available number of slices is increased As the TR is increased, SNR is increased and the available number of slices is increased

Contrast in Diffusion Weighted Imaging, DWI, depends on

1) The degree to which molecular mobility is impaired, water restriction 2) The sensitivity of the sequence to Brownian motion 4) The direction of water diffusion

Force on an object in an magnetic environment depends on 1) mass of the object 2) strength of the magnetic field 3) strength of the RF field 4) ferromagnetic properties of the object

1) mass of the object 2) strength of the magnetic field 4) ferromagnetic properties of the object

Letter F in Image 73 represents

180 degree RF pulses, echo train

If the pulse sequence shown in image 77 were a FSE sequence, the number of lines of k-space filled for each TR perior would be

2

The Structures that comprise the rotator cuff in the shoulder are 1) Deltoid Muscle 2) Subscapularis Muscle and tendon 3)Infraspinatus Muscle and tendon 4) Teres Minor Muscle and tendon 5) Supraspinatus muscle and tendon 6) Trapezius muscle and tendon

2) Subscapularios Muscle and tendon; 3)Infraspinatus Muscle and tendon; 4) Teres Minor Muscle and tendon; 5) Supraspinatus muscle and tendon

As the TE is increased, 1)The available number of slices is increased 2) The available number of slices is decreased 3) SNR increases 4) T1 contrast is maximized

2) The available number of slices is decreased; as the TE is increased, the available number of slices are decreased, longer TE means fewer slices can fit into the TR period.

A technologist may be permitted to administer oxygen in an emergency situation; the most common rate used is

2L per min; Oxygen is considered a medication and in order to be administered, must be prescribed by a physician.

If the desire is to null the signal from a specific tissue using an inversion recovery sequence, the inversion time, TI, selected should be, , of the T1 relaxation time of that tissue

69%; If the desire is to null the signal from a specific tissue using an inversion recovery sequence, the inversion time selected should be 69% of the T1 relaxation time of that tissue

Calculate the effective TR for a patient with a heart rate of 70 bpm

857 ms; if the heart rate is 70 beats per min, the R-R interval effective TR would be calculated as such: 60,000 milliseconds, 60 seconds per minute, and there are 1000 miliseconds per second, divided by 70 heart rate which equals 857 miliseconds TR.

The final result in a perfusion study is

A set of calculated images which indicate various flow characteristics; The final result in a perfusion study is a set of calculated images which indicate various flow characteristics

The final result in a spectroscopy study is

A spectrum of specific detected metabolites Spectroscopy, MRS, allows doctors to obtain biochemical information about the chemical components in tissues, metabolites, of the human body in a non-invasive way.

The HEIGHT of a peak on an MR spectrum correlates to the, , of a substance that detected

Amount

Letter C in Image 66 is pointing to

Apex

During movement of transfer of Patients, a urinary collection bag should be placed

Below the level of the urinary bladder; Urinary tract infections acquired nosocomially are often due to the incorrect placement of the urinary collection bag.

Healthcare workers generally practice, , which states the "goal is to do no harm"

Beneficence; healthcare workers generally practice beneficence, which states the "goal is to do no harm"

All of the following artifacts except, , Occur along the phase encoding axis

Chemical Shift; Artifact primarily occurs along the frequency encoding axis

Droplet contamination frequently occurs via

Coughing; droplets can be spread by sneezing, coughing and speaking, and depositing the droplets into the mucous membranes of the face. Droplets travel short distances of 3 feet or less and do not remain suspended in air.

Image 94 is an example of

Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Tractography

Image 74 is a diagram of which type of pulse sequence

Gradient Echo

Magnetic susceptibility artifacts are more prominent with

Gradient Echo; sequences are more susceptible to metallic artifacts due to the lack of 180 degree refocusing RF pulse which would reduce field inhomogeneities

What element in the body is the principal nucleus utilized in clinical MR imaging

Hydrogen

Gradient echo sequences requiring high signal from fluid are known as all of the following except

Incoherent gradient echo; Gradient echo sequences requiring high signal from fluid are known as T2* gradient echo, Steady-state gradient echo or coherent gradient echo. Incoherent gradient echo or spoiled gradient echo sequences yield T1 contrast due to the removal of residual transverse magnetization before the next excitation.

Dynamic enhanced MRA sequences of the mesenteric arteries are performed using

Incoherent gradient echo; gradient echo sequences requiring high signal from fluid are known as T2* gradient echo, steady-state gradient echo or coherent gradient echo. Incoherent gradient echo or spoiled gradient echo sequences yield T1 contrast due to the removal of residual transverse magnetization before the next excitation. This fast T1 contrast can be utilized in dynamic MRI imaging of the abdominal organs or CE MRA techniques.

A gradient echo sequence in which all the remaining residual transverse magnetization is removed prior to the next excitation pulse is know as

Incoherent or spoiled; a spoiled gradient echo sequence removes any residual transverse magnetization prior to the next excitation pulse

A remedy for Gibbs truncation artifact would be

Increase the number of phase encodings; or reduce the FOV

Image 75 is an example of which type of sequence

Inversion recovery

Gradient echo sequences can yield either T1 or T2* characteristics, with influences caused by all of the following except

Inversion time; Gradient echo sequences an yield either T1 or T2* characteristics, with influences caused by susceptibility, chemical shift, and inhomogeneities.

Letter A in Image 75 represents

Inverting 180 degree RF pulse

The largest ventricle in the heart is the

Left ventricle

Which type of blood cell is responsible for phagocytosis

Leukocyte

The, , is defined as the resonant frequency, and is equal to the product of the magnetic field and the gyromagnetic ration

Precessional frequency; is defined as the resonant frequency, and is equal to the product of the magnetic field and the gyromagnetic ration

Letter A in Image 76 represents

Radiofrequency, RF

The source of infection where pathogens thrive in numbers sufficient to cause a threat is known as a

Reservoir

Letter B in Image 66 is pointing to

Septum

Referencing the White Paper on MRI safety, individuals identified as "level 1" personnel include

Those with limited MRI safety training

In a Fast Spin Echo, FSE sequence, acquired with a long TE, yielding T2 Weighted images, scan time can be reduced by:

Using longer ETL, Longer Echo Train lengths shorten overall scan times in Fast Spin Echo sequences

Diseases, such as malaria, in which microorganisms are transferred via an insect, come under the classification of, , infections

Vector borne; Diseases, such as malaria, in which microorganisms are transferred via an insect, come under the classification of Vector Borne infections

The structure identified by letter B in Image 8 Consists primarily of

White Matter; The corpus callosum is the only white matter structure found in the midline of the brain.

T2 Weighted FLAIR, Fluid attenuated inversion recovery, sequences are typically used for evaluating of

White matter disease, T2 weighted FLAIR sequences are typically used for evaluating of white matter.