Art Appreciation Chapters 4 and 5

color wheel

A circular arrangement of hues used to illustrate a particular color theory or system.

shade

A color darker than the hue's normal value

tint

A color lighter than the hue's normal value

shape

A two-dimensional area having identifiable boundaries, created by lines, color or value changes, or some combination of these. Broadly, form.

kinetic art

Art that moves

hatching

Closely spaced parallel lines that mix optically to suggest values. Hatching is a linear technique for modeling forms according to the principles of chiaroscuro. To achieve darker values, layers of hatching may be superimposed, with each new layer set at an angle to the one(s) beneath. This technique is called cross-hatching

chiaroscuro

Italian for "light-dark." In two-dimensional, representational art, the technique of using values to record light and shadow, especially as they provide information about three-dimensional form

cool colors

The colors on the blue-green side are ________, again probably because of their association with sky, water, shade, and so on.

picture plane

The literal surface of a painting imagined as window, so that objects depicted in depth are spoken of as behind or receding from the picture plane, and objects in the extreme foreground are spoken of as up against the

contour

The perceived edges of a three-dimensional form such as the human body. Contour lines are lines used to indicate these perceived edges in two-dimensional art.

value

The relative lightness or darkness of a hue, or of a neutral varying from white to black.

mass

Three-dimensional form, often implying bulk, density, and weight

warm colors

We speak of the colors on the red-orange side of the wheel as ________, perhaps because of their association with sunlight and firelight

optical color mixture

When small patches of different colors are close together, the eye may blend them to produce a new color

cross-hatching

achieve darker values, layers of hatching may be superimposed, with each new layer set at an angle to the one(s) beneath. This technique is called cross-hatching

intensity

also called chroma or saturation—refers to the relative purity of a color

Intermediate colors

also known as tertiary colors, labeled number 3, are the product of a primary color and an adjacent secondary color. For instance, mixing yellow with green yields yellow-green.

contour lines

are the lines we draw to record those boundaries

stippling

areas of dots average out through optical mixing into values

Analagous harmonies

combine colors adjacent to one another on the color wheel, as in Diana Cooper's The Site (4.29), which moves from yellow through yellow-orange, orange, and red-orange to red.

simultaneous contrast

complementary colors appear more intense when placed side by side

Triadic harmonies

composed of any three colors equidistant from each other on the color wheel

Monochromatic harmonies

composed of variations on the same hue, often with differences of value and intensity

Color

function of light

model

give them a three-dimensional appearance

Complementary harmonies

involve colors directly opposite each other on the color wheel, such as red and green

Hue

is the name of the color according to the categories of the color wheel—green or red or blue-violet

figure

is the shape we detach and focus on

pointillism

laid down his paints by placing many thousands of tiny dots—or points—of pure color next to each other

Secondary colors

orange, green, and violet—are labeled with the numeral 2. Each is made by combining two primary colors.

Primary colors

red, yellow, and blue—are labeled with the numeral 1 on the color wheel. They are called primary because (theoretically at least) they cannot be made by any mixture of other colors.

Value

refers to relative lightness or darkness

Palette

refers to the wooden board on which artists traditionally set out their pigments, but it also refers to the range of pigments they select, either for a particular painting or characteristically

positive shapes

shapes we perceive as figures

color harmony

sometimes called a color scheme, is the selective use of two or more colors in a single composition

negative shapes

the shapes of the ground

ground

the surrounding visual information the figure stands out from, the background

shape

two-dimensional form

outline

two-dimensional shape.

vanishing point.

Parallel lines receding into the distance seem to converge, until they meet at a point on the horizon line where they disappear

line

a path traced by a moving point

mass

a three-dimensional form that occupies a volume of space