AS 120 Final Review

The airport elevation is 5000 feet and the altimeter setting 31.05 (in. Hg). What is the pressure altitude (PA) at the airport?

(29.92 - 31.05) x 1000 + 5000 = 3,870ft

Refer to the figure below. What are the headwind and crosswind components for a landing on Runway 18 if the tower reports the wind at 220° at 30 knots?

(runway 18 = 180, 220-180 = 40) 23knots head wind, 19knots crosswind

Briefly describe a World Aeronautical Chart. What scale does it have?

1 to 1,000,000 scale chart. Used for longer range flights, less detail then SAC

Briefly describe a Terminal Area Chart. What scale does it have?

1 to 250,000 scale chart. Published for Class B airports and surrounding area for more detail

Briefly describe a Sectional Chart. What scale does it have?

1 to 500,000 scale chart, most commonly used by VFR pilots for navigation

What is the standard pressure lapse rate up to 10,000 feet

1" Hg per 1,000 ft

Refer to Figure 4 (see separate document "Figures for Lesson 18"). Your airplane's fuel flow is 9 GPH. If you fly for 80 minutes, how many gallons of fuel will you use? (Lesson 18 PowerPoint, slides 46-48)

12 Gallons

What is the standard temperature at sea level?

15 degrees Celsius

An aircraft is loaded 150 pounds over maximum certificated gross weight and fuel (gasoline) is drained to bring the aircraft weight within limits. How many gallons of fuel should be drained?

150/6 = 25gal

What is the standard temperature lapse rate up to 36,000 feet

2 Degrees Celsius per 1,000 ft

What is the standard pressure at sea level?

29.92" hg

Refer to FAR 61.23. What class of medical certificate is required for Private Pilot privileges?

3rd Class Medical Certificate

How many pounds per gallon does gasoline (AVGAS) weigh?

6 lbs per gallon of gasoline

Knowing the winds aloft, you determine the WCA (wind correction angle) to be +12o. Applying this WCA to the true course in question 2, find out the true heading for the flight from PRC to SEZ? (Lesson 18 PowerPoint, slide 38).

82

Refer to Figure 4 (see separate document "Figures for Lesson 18"). You are planning to fly 135 nautical miles at a ground speed of 90 knots. How many minutes will it take you? (Lesson 18 PowerPoint, slides 42-44).

90min

What are the two control surfaces that are attached to the trailing edge of the wings.

Ailerons Flaps

What does the abbreviation "ARTCC" stand for?

Air Route Traffic Control Center

What three areas of the airline business were deregulated by the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978?

Airfares Routes Schedules

When certifying airmen, Category is a broad classification of aircraft. List the four categories of aircraft

Airplane Watercraft Lighter than air Glider

Name the three pitot-static flight instruments

Airspeed indicator Altimeter Vertical speed indicator

According to NTSB 830, what constitutes an aircraft accident?

An aircraft accident is, death in or out of aircraft, serious injury, substantial damage

Name the three gyroscopic flight instruments

Attitude Indicator Heading Indicator Turn Coordinator

Under FAR 91.113 and 91.115, which of these aircraft has the right of way over all others: airship, glider, balloon, aircraft towing another?

Balloon has right of way because it is stationary and cannot move. Other aircraft can change direction/speed/alt

Name four (4) types of manufacturers within the aerospace industry and provide one example (e.g. company name) of each.

Boeing Airbus Bombardier Embraer

Define CG

Center of all of the mass, point of rotation in all axis

Who broke the sound barrier for the first time flying the Bell X-1 rocket airplane?

Chuck Yeager

Define true course (TC)

Course the airplane will fly with the ground respected to true north. True Course is the track of the plane over the ground

List four (4) characteristics of unstable air

Cumuliform clouds, bumpy air, good visibility, shower precipitation

Define magnetic variation

Difference between Magnetic heading and True heading

Briefly explain the principle of operation of the altimeter

Displays how high you are flying by measuring the difference between outside static pressure and reference static pressure

Define Weight

Downward force created by gravity

What are the primary flight controls in an aircraft?

Elevator - Pitch Ailerons - roll Rudder - Yaw

Give three examples of secondary flight controls

Flaps Spoilers Trim Tab

Angle of attack (AOA) is the angle between the wing chord and the _________

Flight path

Describe False Horizon

Flying at night, lights may cause a false horizon

Define Thrust

Forward acting force controlled by the throttle

Who designed, built and tested the first jet engine in the world in 1937?

Frank Whittle

Define wind correction angle

How much you have to correct for the wind.

Name and briefly describe the strokes in a four-stroke cycle reciprocating engine

Intake Stroke- fuel/air mix is introduced into the engine Compression Stroke - Mix is compressed by piston Power Stroke - spark plug ignite mix; forces piston down provides driving force Exhaust Stroke - expended mix leaves the cylinder

Briefly describe hyperventilation. What is the gas involved?

Lack of Carbon dioxide. Breathing rapidly and heavily will cause it.

Briefly describe hypoxia. What is the gas involved?

Lack of oxygen caused by lower pressure in higher altitudes

What are the three axes of an aircraft and name the associated motions around each axis?

Lateral axis - Pitch Longitudinal axis - roll Vertical axis - yaw

Define magnetic heading (MH)

Magnetic Heading is the direction the nose is pointed in respect to magnetic North

Briefly describe the airport data found next to the airport symbol in a Sectional Chart

Name of Airport (Airport Code BXK)AWOS-3 reports all METAR items on 119.625A/P Elevation (1033), Lighted Airport (L), longest runway is 5500 feet long (55), 122.975 is Unicom and CTAFRight Pattern Runway 17

According to FAR 91.3, who is directly responsible for and the final authority to the operation of the aircraft?

PIC, Pilot in Command

According to FAR 61.3, as pilot in command (PIC), what three documents you must have in your possession during flight?

Pilot certificate, photo government id (passport, drivers license), medical certificate 1st, 2nd,3rd

Briefly explain the main differences between a towered and non-towered airport?

Pilots are required to be in contact with an operating control tower Pilots communicate using a common traffic

List the five major components of an aircraft?

Powerplant Empennage Wings Landing Gear Fuselage

What primary flight control is used to counteract adverse yaw?

Rudder

Name the five typical components of the empennage.

Rudder Elevator Trim Tab Horizontal Stabilizer Vertical Tail

List some of the common runway markings

Runway number Touchdown Zone Side Stripe Centerline Aiming Point

What is the key distinction between a charter airline and a major airline.

Scheduled airline and public use vs. On demand, private use

When certifying airmen, Class means classification of aircraft within a category having similar operating characteristics. List the three classes of aircraft within the Airplane Category

Single/multi engine land/sea

List four (4) characteristics of stable air

Smooth air, Stratiform Clouds, Fair to poor visibility, Continuous precipitation

What does the abbreviation "TRACON" stand for?

Terminal Radar Approach Control

Which is the only pitot-static instrument that utilizes both the pitot tube and the static port?

The airspeed indicator

Define Arm

The distance from the datum to any component part or object loaded on the aircraft

Define pressure altitude

The height above the standard MSL 29.92" Hg or 1013.2 mb

List six (5) vestibular illusions

The leans Coriolis elusion Grave yard spiral Inversion illusion Elevator illusion

Explain adverse yaw.

The natural and undesirable tendency for an aircraft to yaw in the opposite direction of a roll

Define Drag

The reward force that resists the forward movement of the plane.

Briefly explain what is a displaced threshold

Threshold located at a point on the runway other than the designated beginning of the runway. Applicable for landing only

What is the main function of the National Airspace System?

To protect IFR Traffic

Briefly describe altitude-induced decompression sickness (DCS). What is the gas involved?

Too much nitrogen gas in body, the nitrogen becomes bubbly causing pressure. These bubbles get caught in joints causing intense pain

Define true heading (TH)

True Heading is the direction the nose is pointed

Define Lift.

Upward force acting perpendicular to the flight path

What does VFR mean?

Visual Flight Rules

Define Moment

WEIGHT x ARM = MOMENT. A force over a distance

Name ten (10) types of general aviation operations.

Walmart Bank of America Hertz NetJets FlexJet ATP ERAU

Describe Autokinesis

When you see a bright light in distance, it will move up/down/left/right

Refer to Figure 3 (see separate document "Figures for Lesson 18"). You are planning another flight and you obtain the following information (Lesson 18 PowerPoint, Slides 29-39):

Wind Correction Angle (WCA): -8 degrees True Heading: (30-8) = 22 o Ground Speed: 130knots

Briefly explain why a carburetor is susceptible to icing.

Within the venturi the air is rapidly cooled which could cause present moisture to freeze.

METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT ¾ SM TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 RMK SLP013

• 220 true, 15knots gusting 25knots • ¾ stature miles • Thunderstorms, rain • Overcast ceiling 1,000ft cumulonimbus cloud Dew Point = 16, Temp = 18

What are the three (3) key concepts affecting the weather at a local or global scale?

• Air movement/wind due to uneven heating of surface horizontal/convective • Air stability, if stable = smooth visibility may be poor • Precipitation/moisture/humidity

Name the two types of induction systems commonly used in small aircraft engines and briefly describe the differences between the two.

• Carburetor - Easier to start, except in super cold temps, simple design, susceptible to icing, poor fuel distribution • Fuel Injection - Low icing, quicker throttle response, improved mixture control, Cessna 172S Nav III

What are the VFR weather minimums in Class A, B, C, and D airspace?

• Class A: N/A • Class B: 3 sm, Clear off clouds • Class C: 3 sm, 1000ft above, 500ft below, 2000ft horizontal • Class D: 3 sm, 1000ft above, 500ft below, 2000ft horizontal

What are three main types of airspace?

• Controlled: ATC provides services • Uncontrolled: ATC does not provide services • Special Use: Mainly used by the military

What is the difference between a Navigation Log Flight Plan and an FAA Flight Plan?

• Log flight plan = All the numbers and details of the flight, each leg, headings, distances. Much more detailed. • FAA Flight Plan = Much more simplified summary of your flight, goes through search and rescue. Submit to FAA

Give five (5) examples of how excessive weight in an aircraft reduces flight performance

• Longer Takeoff roll • Higher Takeoff Speed • Lower Maximum Altitude • Reduced Climb Performance • Higher Landing Speed

Name and briefly describe the three (3) major sectors that make up the "civilian/manned" aviation industry.

• Manufactures • Operators • Service Providers

Briefly describe the function of the pitot tube and static port in the pitot-static system

• Pitot tube - is utilized to measure the total combined pressures •

What are the five (5) types of Special Use airspace?

• Restricted Area • MOAs • Alert Areas • Prohibited Areas • Warning Areas

Name the three (3) stages of a thunderstorm

• Towering Cumulus • Mature • Dissipating