Asbestos Study
What applications did friabable sprayed products have?
Acoustic or thermal insulation on structural steel, hotels, and resturants. It was widely used until the 1970s
What are some advantages and disadvantages of enclosure?
Advantages/disadvantages are similar to encapsulation but addition to that, fibers can accumulate within the enclusure and it may be expensive to remove or relocate sysems which require accessing.
What is the second most common asbestos
Amosite (brown asbestos) Fe Mg SiO3
When is asbestos a hazard
When it is "friable" When it will be disturbed When it is located in areas that may be disturbed by children Prior to demolition/renovation projects
Mesothelioma has an extended latetancy period of:
20 - 40 years
What does asbestos cause in the lungs
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Asbestos Construction Standard 29 CFR 1926.1101
Covers construction work involving asbestos, including work practices during demolition and renovation, worker training, disposal of asbestos waste, and specification of permissible exposure limits
What is Rales?
Crackling sounds heard when heart is listened to via stethoscope Related to asbestos
What is the third most common asbestos but rare
Crocidolite (blue asbestos) Na Fe [SiO3] 2H3O
The three main federal government agencies that regulate asbestos are:
Department of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency, Occupational Safety and Health Administration
What main factor will determine ASM will be handled?
Its friability
School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act (ASHARA)
This law extended funding for the asbestos abatement loan and grant program for schools. also directed EPA to increase the number of training hours required for the training disciplines under the Asbestos Model Accreditation Plan (MAP) and to expand the accreditation requirements to cover asbestos abatement projects in all public and commercial buildings in addition to schools.
Specific work activities that disturb the make-up of asbestos materials:
(a) Punching (b) Grinding (c) Sanding (d) Machining
Friable asbestos-containing building material (ACBM):
Any friable ACM that is in or on interior structural members or other parts of a school or public and commercial building.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
oversees the working conditions for U.S. workers by implementing and managing occupational safety and health standards.
What specific properties make asbestos so useful?
they resist: burning even at high temps. breaking corrosion biological and are very flexible
asbestos-containing building material (ACBM) or suspected ACBM,
whether by visual or physical examination, or by collecting samples of such material. This term includes reinspections of friable and non-friable known or assumed ACBM which has been previously identified.
Change order
A change to construction documents after a contract for construction has been signed
Assessment
For each inspection and reinspection, an accredited inspector must provide a written assessment of all friable known or assumed ACBM in the school building.
Describe amphibole fibers
Amphibile fibers are straight and have a chainlike structure.
accredited inspector.
An AHERA inspection must be conducted by an
Inspection:
An activity undertaken in a school building, or a public and commercial building, to determine the presence or location, or to assess the condition of, friable or non-friable
Homogeneous area:
An area of surfacing material, thermal system insulation material, or miscellaneous material that is uniform in color and texture.
Non-friable
Cannot be crumbled, pulverized or reduce to powder by hand pressure.
What is the most common asbestos
Chrysotile (white asbestos) 3Mg O - Si O2 - 2H2O
Describe "chrysotile" fibers and how commonly they were used
Chrysotile fibers are long, wavy and flexible. It is classfied under serpentine. Approx. 95% of all asbestos used was chrysotile. It is still used in 90% of the asbestos application.
What type of asbestos is the fibrous serpentine
chrysotile (white asbestos)
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
defines asbestos as the asbestiform varieties of: chrysotile (serpentine); crocidolite (riebeckite); amosite (cummingtonite/grunerite); anthophyllite; tremolite; and actinolite.
Asbestos-related diseases are ___________________ and have a latency period of _____.
dosed related, 15 to 30 years
How can the Local Education Agency best minimize accidental disturbances of ACBM during maintenance and renovations activities?
establish a permit system that calls for all work orders and requests to be processed through the AHERA designated person
Name physical properties of asbestos
fire resistant spinnability tensile strength strong and durable resists fungus growth corrosion heat acids vermin
Asbestos Exposure Limits
(1) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). (a) 0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc) of air, calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) exposure
Chain of custody
Formal procedures for tracking samples and insuring thier integrity
Removal
This involves the taking out or the stripping of substantially all ACBM from a damaged area, a functional space, or a homogeneous area in a school building.
Asbestos is heat resistant from what degree Celsius
500 - 1500 degrees Celsius
What is finger clubbing related to?
Asbestos
At least once every _____ months, the Local Education Agency must conduct a visual inspection of all areas identified in the management plan as asbestos-containing building materials (ACBM) or assumed to contain asbestos-containing building materials to determine whether the condition of the ACBM or assumed ACBM has changed. This is called a(n) .
6 months, periodic surveillance
How does enclosure protect workers? Give an example of poorly used enclosure.
A barrier or enclosure is errected to prevent access. Acceptable materials include drywall, plywood, brick, sheet metal, etc.. A suspended ceiling is too easily accessed so would nt be considered an acceptable enclosure
Claims made insurance
A form of insurance in which a claim is allowed only if the insurance is in effect when the claim is made,that is, when the injury or effect if observed
What is asbestosis
A pneumoconiosis a diffuse, interstitial, non-malignant scarring of the lungs often goes un-noticed occurs from high exposures
Functional space
A room, group of rooms, or homogeneous area (including crawl spaces or the space between a dropped ceiling and the floor or roof deck above), such as classroom(s), a cafeteria,
How many air samples are required in a site that has asbestos?
Air sampling must be done daily to determine effectiveness of controls.
How are we exposed to asbestos
Air, water, soil, food and occupational
Name the 5 amphiboles
Amosite Tremolite Actinolite Crocidolite Anthopyllite
What to amphibole fibers used commercially are extremely hazardous
Amosite and crocidolite
Friable asbestos-containing material (ACM):
Any material containing more than one percent asbestos which has been applied on ceilings, walls, structural members, piping, duct work, or any other part of a building, which when dry, may be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. Includes non-friable asbestos-containing material after such previously non-friable material becomes damaged to the extent that when dry it may be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure.
Fiber release episode:
Any uncontrolled or unintentional disturbance of ACBM resulting in visible emission.
The following regulations pertain to handling asbestos in the workplace.
Asbestos General Standard 29 CFR 1910.1001 Asbestos Construction Standard 29 CFR 1926.1101
An asbestos management program is subject to which EPA statutes and regulations:
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act, National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, EPA Worker Protection Rule and Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act
What does Normal deterioration of Asbestos mean?
Asbestos fibers are released into the air. The loosely bound fibers are pulverized or easily crumbled creating microscopic contaminants that have been identified as a health hazard
How does lung cancer develop with asbestos fibers?
Asbestos fibers trapped in the lungs can trigger cancerous growth in lung tissue which will produce a tumour limiting lung function
Asbestosis
Asbestosis is a disease characterized by lung scarring. It reduces lung elasticity the ability to inhale and exhale in response to muscular contractions of the diaphragm and makes breathing very difficult. Asbestosis is most common among workers who have been exposed to large amounts of asbestos fibers over a period of time. It is a serious disease and, in those persons exposed to high levels of asbestos, can eventually lead to disability or death. All forms of asbestos are suspected to have the potential to cause asbestosis. Like all diseases associated with asbestos exposure, it may take many years for the disease to show up. The typical latency period for asbestosis is 15 to 30 years. Available data indicate that the frequency of occurrence of asbestosis rises and the disease worsens with increasing dust exposure. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Asbestos Standards were developed to minimize the incidence of asbestosis among asbestos workers by reducing their exposure to asbestos.
The management plan must:
Be kept in the Local Education Be kept in the administrative office Be available to persons for inspection Be complete and up-to-date
Friable
Can be crumbled, pulverized or reduced to powder by hand pressure.
Gymnasium, hallway(s),
Designated by a person accredited to prepare management plans, designa batement projects, or conduct response actions.
As built drawings
Drawings and specifications that reflect the way a building was actually constructed
What does phase two of risk assessment involve?
Eachof the parameters in phase one will be given a score to indicate the potential for exposure. The scores will be added to derive the overall risk factor which will be used to prioritize and control abatement.
What are some early and advanced symptoms of asbestosis?
Early sypmtoms include: shortness of breathe after excerise dry cough generalized feeling of illness Advanced symptoms include more sever shortness of breathe coughing blood recurrent respiratory infections
EPA Asbestos Worker Protection Rule
Extended worker protection requirements to state and local government employees involved in asbestos work who were not previously covered by the the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) asbestos regulations.
EPA Worker Protection Rule:
Extends the protection afforded by OSHA to all employees in asbestos abatement who may have been excluded from protection by OSHA.
Describe the fibers found in the serpentine type asbestos group
Fibers in the serpentine group have a sheet or layered structure and curly fibers
Some of the most common uses of asbestos-containing building materials found include:
Fireproofing on structural members Plaster, pipe and boiler insulation Acoustical or sound proofing Flooring and ceiling tiles
Asbestos that is easily crumbled into a powder by hand pressure when dry is
Friable
Two types of asbestos containing materials
Friable Non-Friable
Damaged friable surfacing ACM:
Friable surfacing ACM which has deteriorated or sustained physical injury such that the internal structure (cohesion) of the material is inadequate or which has delaminated such that its bond to the substrate (adhesion) is inadequate, or which, for any other reason, lacks fiber cohesion or adhesion qualities. Such damage or deterioration may be illustrated by the separation of ACM into layers; separation of ACM from the substrate; flaking, blistering, or crumbling of the ACM surface; water damage; significant or repeated water stains, scrapes, gouges, mars or other signs of physical injury on the ACM. Asbestos debris originating from the ACBM inquestion may also indicate damage.
Which activities must be conducted by an accredited inspector?
Identify all homogeneous areas of material that are suspected to contain asbestos Gather information on the uses and functions of the spaces within the homogeneous areas Collect samples of material suspected to be ACBM and send them to the lab for analysis Perform a physical assessment of the material and document the results in an inspection report
Thermal System Insulation
Insulation used to control heat transfer or prevent condensation on pipes and pipe fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts, and other parts of hot and cold water systems; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems; or other mechanical systems. These insulation materials include pipe lagging, pipe wrap, HVAC duct insulation, block insulation, cements and muds, and a variety of other products such as gaskets and ropes.
Surfacing Materials
Interior ACBM that has been sprayed on, troweled on, or otherwise applied to surfaces (structural members, walls, ceilings, etc.) for acoustical, decorative, fireproofing, or other purposes. This includes acoustical plaster, hard plasters (wall or ceiling), fireproofing insulation, spray-applied or blown-in thermal material, joint or patching compound (wall or ceiling), and textured paints or plasters.
Homogeneous Areas
Interior materials suspected of containing asbestos must be categorized as one of the following three types: Surfacing Materials Thermal System Insulation (TSI) Miscellaneous Material
What are some things to note about "Encapsulation?"
It's a temporary measure the material is coated with a bonding agent/sealent must be done where no further contact will occur must be capable of supporting the extra weight fire rating must be considered advantages/disadvantages similar to leave it alone
What are the four options for asbestos abatment?
Leave it alone, encapsulate it ,enclose it and remove it. The first three require a "managment plan"
What to do with asbestos
Leave it alone. repair, encapsulate, enclose and remove
Contrcat documents
Legally binding building drawings and specifications. Also called construction documents.
What 6 diseases are associated with asbestos
Lung Cancer, Stomach Cancer, Asbestosis, Mesothelioma and Colon-Rectal Cancer
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is a cancer that occurs in the chest cavity lining or in the lining of the abdominal (stomach) lining. This type of cancer spreads rapidly and is always fatal. Cases of mesothelioma have been found in people who have had a limited exposure to asbestos. The onset of this disease appears to be independent of smoking behavior but related to dose and to time from first known asbestos exposure. Mesothelioma tends to have a long latency period usually 30 to 40 years.
Name four characteristics of asbestos
Naturally occurring, fibrous, hydrated, mineral and silicates
Miscellaneous Materials
Other, mostly nonfriable products and materials found on structural components, structural members or fixtures, such as floor tile, ceiling tile, construction mastic for floor and ceiling materials, sheet flooring, fire doors, asbestos cement pipe and board, wallboard, acoustical wall tile, and vibration damping cloth. "Miscellaneous materials" do not include thermal system insulation or surfacing materials.
In addition to imposing other requirements, requires that a Local Education Agency:
Perform inspections to identify asbestos-containing building materials in its buildings
A designated person must:
Receive training that provides basic knowledge of a number of asbestos-related subjects, as listed in EPA's asbestos regulations
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA):
Refers to a filtering system capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97 percent of all monodispersed particles 0.3 mm in diameter or larger.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)
Regulations specify work practices for asbestos to be followed during demolitions and renovations of all structures, installations, and buildings (excluding residential buildings that have four or fewer dwelling units). The regulations require the owner of the building or the operator to notify the appropriate state agency before any demolition, or before any renovations of buildings that could contain a certain threshold amount of asbestos or asbestos-containing material. In addition, particular manufacturing and fabricating operations either cannot emit visible emissions into the outside air or must follow air cleaning procedures, as well as follow certain requirements when removing asbestos-containing waste.
When does OHSA law require a Risk Assessment to be done?
Risk assessments must be done prior to any demolition, alteration, or repair of any machinery, equipment, or structures where asbestos-containing material may be disturbed
Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools Rule
Rule requires local education agencies to inspect their school buildings for asbestos-containing building material, prepare asbestos management plans and perform asbestos response actions to prevent or reduce asbestos hazards. Public school districts and non-profit private schools, including charter schools and schools affiliated with religious institutions (collectively called local education agencies) are subject to the rule's requirements
Bulk samples
Samples of bulk material, in the case of asbestos, suspect material
What are some uses of asbestos
Shingles, thermal system insulation, brake/clutch lining, water pipes siding, cement filler, wire insulation, spray-on acoustical material and vinyl flooring
Asbestos General Standard 29 CFR 1910.1001
Specification of permissible exposure limits, engineering controls, worker training, labeling, respiratory protection, and disposal of asbestos waste
What are the 3 categories EPA Identifies ACM used in buildings
Surface Materials, Thermal System Insulation, and Miscellaneous Materials
EPA identifies three categories of ACBM ( 763.83 of the AHERA Rule):
Surfacing Materials Thermal System Insulation Miscellaneous Materials
What is involved in the first stage of a work activity related to asbestos?
The first stage of an asbestos risk assessment involves evaluating parameters that are indicative of the likelihood of worker exposure. The following parameters most commonly looked at include: Main parameters accessibility condition of asbestos containing material firability presence in return air plenum precentage of asbestos content Other parameters extend of water damage exposed friable surface area activity and movement
Encapsulation
The use of an agent to seal the surface (bridging encapsulant) or penetrate the bulk (penetrating encapsulant) of ACM
Damaged or significantly damaged thermal system insulation ACM:
Thermal system insulation ACM on pipes, boilers, tanks, ducts, and other thermal system insulation equipment where the insulation has lost its structural integrity, or its covering, in whole or in part, is crushed, water-stained, gouged, punctured, missing, or not intact such that it is not able to contain fibers. Damage may be further illustrated by occasional punctures, gouges or other signs of physical injury to ACM; occasional water damage on the protective coverings/jackets; or exposed ACM ends or joints. Asbestos debris originating from the ACBM in question may also indicate damage.
How often should asbesto contaminent and decontaminent facilty rooms be checked? How would airflow be checked?
They should be checked daily for gaps or breaks in contaminent. air flow areas also need to be checked to ensure clean and clear of any contaminent. visual checks are often done along with smoke tubes and pressure differentials.
Enclosure
This involves creating an airtight, impermeable, permanent barrier around ACBM to prevent the release of asbestos fibers into the air. The barrier is typically attached physically or sprayed on. For example, materials such as PVC or corrugated metal may be fastened around insulated piping, or a barrier may be constructed around asbestos fireproofing on structural members by spraying material that cures into a hard shell.
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA)
This law required EPA to promulgate regulations (e.g., the Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools Rule) requiring local educational agencies to inspect their school buildings for asbestos-containing building material, prepare asbestos management plans and perform asbestos response actions to prevent or reduce asbestos hazards. AHERA also tasked EPA with developing a model plan for states for accrediting persons conducting asbestos inspection and corrective-action activities at schools.
What is the purpose of an OHSA Law required risk assessment?
To classify any work activity related to asbestos as a low, moderate, or high risk activity.
What is Malignant Mesothelioma
Tumor which lines the chest and abdomina cavity (also) Suspected to also cause cancer of GI tract
Inspector Responsibilities
Under AHERA Rule, in conducting a reinspection, the inspector must: Visually reinspect and reassess the condition of all friable known or assumed ACBM. Visually inspect material that was previously considered nonfriable and touch the material to determine whether it has become friable since the last inspection or reinspection. Identify any homogeneous areas in which material has become friable since the last inspection or reinspection. Bulk samples may be collected and submitted for analysis for any homogeneous area of newly friable material that is already assumed to be ACBM. Perform a physical assessment, in accordance with of the AHERA Rule, of the condition of the newly friable material in areas where samples are collected and of newly friable materials in areas assumed to be ACBM. Reassess the condition of friable known or assumed ACBM previously identified.
What is Dyspnea?
Undue shortness of breath, asbestos-related
What is Breeching
a duct that transports combustion gases from a boiler or heater to chimney or stack. Also called a Flue.
What were some of the uses of asbestos
brake lining in cars and air craft pipes for water and sewer systems
