ASVAB - Everything You Need To Know

Opposite of: covert

Undisguised

In order to apply more torque to a bolt, a mechanic could...

Use a longer wrench

Which of the following is not a characteristic of direct current (DC)?

Used to power your television

Formula for Ohm's Law:

V= I x R

What is the formula for Ohm's Law?

V=IR, Voltage = current x resistance

Locking pliers are also known as ___________.

Vise-grip pliers

V

Voltage

What does a voltmeter/multimeter measure?

Voltage in a circuit

Power=

Voltage x Current

As lead-acid batteries discharge, their electrolyte gradually turns to...

Water

In common terms, H2O is known as:

Water

What liquid is neither acidic nor basic?

Water

What type of star is the Sun?

Yellow dwarf or G2V

What kind of diode allows current to flow in the opposite direction once a certain voltage threshold is reached?

Zener diode

What does a camshaft do?

a camshaft opens and closes the cylinders' intake and exhaust valves

A chemical equation shows ___ and must ___.

a chemical change, balance

An amphibian can be best described as...

a cold-blooded, smooth-skinned vertebrate capable of living both on land and in water

Why is a coolant recovery reservoir necessary?

a coolant recovery reservoir is needed to capture overflow when the radiator pressure cap valve opens, because the flow of coolant between the engine and the radiator varies based on the heat of the engine

What function does a cylinder perform?

a cylinder forms a guide for the piston, allowing the piston to move up and down as the engine completes its cycle

Piston:

a cylindrical object that moves up and down inside an engine's cylinder.

What is an amplifier?

a device that makes sound louder by increasing signal strength

Pathogen:

a disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or virus.

What is a zygote?

a fertilized egg

What does a fuel rail do?

a fuel rail delivers fuel under pressure to the engine's fuel injectors

What are two likely causes of pre-ignition?

a glowing spark plug, a hot piece of carbon

What does an electrical ground do?

a ground provides a low-resistance path to guide excess electrical energy away from panels and loads, to protect them in the case of lightning or circuit failure

What is the Kuiper Belt?

a loose group of asteroids and other material that lies beyond Neptune

What is the definition of mass?

a measure of the total quantity of matter in an object

Mechanical advantage is the advantage gained by the use of ___ in transmitting force.

a mechanism

Genotype:

a person's genotype is the entire genetic makeup of that person, including recessive genes

What is the difference between physical change and chemical change?

a physical change may alter the form, size, or shape of matter, a chemical change alters its molecules

A radiator cap has two valves:

a pressure valve and a vacuum valve

What is the advantage of a pulley?

a pulley enables someone to lift an object while exerting downward, rather than upward, force

What is a vector quantity?

a quantity defined by both a magnitude and a direction

Gamete:

a reproductive cell

What is a common distinction between a screw and a bolt?

a screw typically has a round head with an indentation matching the appropriate screwdriver; a bolt typically has a hexagonal or square head

What is a short circuit?

a short circuit occurs when a load is bypassed by a conductor, allowing more current to flow through the circuit

Load: (as it relates to electrical systems)

a source of resistance that turns electrical energy into some other type of energy

What type of saw is embedded within a table and has a rotating blade?

a table saw

Fuse:

a thin wire that melts when current exceeds a certain amount

What does an automatic transmission use instead of a clutch?

a torque converter

What is the difference between a tubular spirit level and a bullseye spirit level?

a tubular spirit level is useful for measuring levelness in one dimension, whereas a bullseye spirit level can measure the levelness of a plane in all directions

The "electrical pressure" that causes electrons to flow in one direction through a conducting path is a result of...

a voltage

25 degrees BTDC (before top dead center) is an example of ____________ ignition timing.

advanced

What are two major types of engine oil systems?

air cooling and water cooling

The two methods of controlled drying of wood for lumber are...

air seasoning and kiln drying

What three things must be present before combustion can occur in an internal combustion engine?

air, fuel, and a heat source

The three elements needed to initiate combustion are...

air, fuel, and an ignition source

Variants of genes are known as ____________.

alleles

An automobile's differential...

allows the wheels to turn at different speeds when making a turn

Current that changes polarity many times per second is called...

alternating current

The ____________ is the main component of the charging system and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

alternator

The end product of protein digestion consists of...

amino acids

Current can be measured using a device called a(n)....

ammeter

An ampere is defined as...

an electric flow of one coulomb per second

An oscillator is...

an electronic circuit that produces a regularly varying electrical signal from a direct current

What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?

an exoskeleton is a hard exterior structure (bugs) and an endoskeleton is a frame located inside the body (humans)

What does an intake manifold do?

an intake manifold is the structure that delivers air to the intake ports of the engine's cylinders

Newton's First Law of Motion states:

an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force

Where in the body are the tarsal bones located?

ankles

Positive terminal

anode

The scientific study of human culture is called...

anthropology

___________ work by adjusting the brake pressure in each wheel depending on the wheel's speed.

anti-lock brakes (ABS)

The ____________ is the largest ____________ in the body.

aorta, artery

Spiders are...

arachnids

Blood pressure is generally highest in...

arteries

In general, ___________ carry oxygenated blood, while ___________ carry deoxygenated blood.

arteries, veins

What is the smallest particle of matter that retains the chemical properties characteristic of a particular element?

atom

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its...

atomic number

Matter is composed of...

atoms

In the heart, ____________ are chambers that collect blood, and ____________ are chambers that pump blood.

atria, ventricles

A producer is also known as a(n)...

autotroph

Producers, which make their own food through photosynthesis, are also known as _______________.

autotrophs

A ____________ saw is used for making fine, straight cuts.

back

Is strep throat caused by a bacterium or a virus?

bacterium

What are ball joints?

ball joints are ball-and-socket arrangements that allow the steering knuckle to turn and move up and down

Transistors are turned on and off by voltages applied to their...

base

What are the two main components of engine oil?

base oil, additive package

A vibrating tuning fork, placed in a vacuum under a bell jar, will...

be inaudible

Kinetic energy is defined as the energy possessed by an object...

because it is in motion

Potential energy is defined as the energy possessed by an object...

because of its position or condition

Refraction is the...

bending of a light ray or wave as it passes from one medium into another

When two or more pulleys are arranged to work together, the resulting apparatus is called a __________.

block and tackle

A ___________ has external threads, while a ___________ has internal threads.

bolt, nut

Which two bodily functions are enhanced by calcium?

bone growth and muscle function

Where in the body are blood cells created?

bone marrow

What is the difference between bone and cartilage?

bones are more rigid and provide the body's framework. Cartilage is more flexible and is found at the ends of bones, in joints, and in the nose and ears

Science can be divided into life, physical, and Earth sciences. Life science includes...

botany, biology, zoology

A recessive trait is displayed in an organism only if _____________ alleles for that trait are recessive.

both

What is the difference between a ball-peen hammer and a claw hammer?

both a ball-peen hammer and a claw hammer have striking surfaces. A ball-peen hammer has a rounded steel end opposite the striking surface, while a claw hammer has a bifurcated (that is, split) lever for removing nails

What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?

both tendons and ligaments are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscles to bones, while ligaments connect bones to other bones

The central nervous system is composed of the _____________ and the ____________.

brain, spinal cord

With disc brakes, the ___ rotates with the vehicle's wheels.

brake rotor

Decomposers (bacteria and fungi):

break down organic matter and release minerals back into the soil.

The major disadvantage of glass is its...

brittleness

Which has a larger diameter: bronchi or bronchioles?

bronchi

How is a gear ratio determined?

by comparing the number of teeth on the larger gear to the number of teeth on the smaller gear

How would you increase the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle arrangement?

by increasing the ratio of the diameter of the large wheel to that of the small wheel

How would you increase the mechanical advantage or a first-class lever?

by increasing the ratio of the distance between the force and the fulcrum to the distance between the fulcrum and the object to be lifted

How would you increase the mechanical advantage of a second-class lever?

by moving the object to be lifted closer to the fulcrum, perhaps by making the lever longer

How can the magnetic field formed by a current - carrying wire be strengthened?

by winding the wire into a coil around a ferrous (iron) core

When genetic signals in a cell fail to tell it to stop reproducing, the result may be _____________.

cancer

Tertiary consumers:

capable of eating secondary consumers.

The symbol below represents a...

capacitor

A _____________ is constructed of two metal plates and used to store electricity.

capacitor (or condenser)

When oil rises in a lamp wick, melted wax rises in the wick of a candle, or water rises in a narrow tube, this phenomenon is called...

capillary action

A gaseous product of the fermentation of sugar is...

carbon dioxide

A substance that speeds up chemical reactions is a(n)...

catalyst

The symbol below represents a ___, which supplies electrical energy.

cell

What tool is used to make a small indentation as a starting mark for a drilling operation?

center punch

The ___________ is the portion of the brain that controls balance and muscle coordination.

cerebellum

What is the name of the portion of the brain generally considered to be the center of intelligence.

cerebrum

Which of the following would probably be made with a lathe? a. table top b. chair leg c. sign. d. door

chair leg

In mechanical devices, gears are commonly used to...

change the direction or speed of movement

Electrical current is measured by the amount of ___ flowing past per unit of time.

charge

Internal combustion engines take ___________ energy, convert it into ___________ energy and then into ___________ energy.

chemical, heat, mechanical

Physical science includes...

chemistry and physics

A _____________ can be struck with a hammer in order to make long cuts.

chisel

Most cells without a cell wall also lack...

chloroplasts

The DNA of a cell is found mainly in its...

chromosomes

A __________ serves the same function as a fuse but can be used multiple times.

circuit breaker

A convection oven works by _____________.

circulating hot air

A worker would use a _____________ to join two pieces of wood while glue used to bind them dries.

clamp

A right-hand drill bit is made to cut while rotating in a ____________ direction.

clockwise

Current will flow only if it can follow a _____________ circuit.

closed

When the thermostat is ____________, coolant does not pass through the radiator.

closed

The three major parts of a transistor are the ____________.

collector, emitter, base

What is another name for the large intestine?

colon

______________ of the periodic table refer to the number of electrons in the outer shell of atoms.

columns

The ___ shown below is used to ___.

combination square, lay out 45 degree and 90 degree angles

A _____________ is a ball of ice, frozen gases and dust that orbit the sun.

comet

Atoms

composed of smaller particles called protons, electrons, neutrons

Liquids are effective at transmitting force because they are difficult to ____________.

compress

When a gas changes to a liquid, this process is known as ___________.

condensation

Water vapor that has entered the atmosphere _____________ to form clouds.

condenses

When atoms and molecules pass thermal energy by direct contact, it is known as...

conduction

When heat is transferred through direct contact between two objects, this is known as ______________.

conduction

Name three ways heat can be transferred from one object or medium to another:

conduction, convection, radiation

The three methods of heat transfer are...

conduction, convection, radiation

A(n) ___ is an element that allows electrons to flow freely.

conductor

A(n) ___ is an element that freely conducts electricity.

conductor

As resistance in a ___ increases, current flow decreases.

conductor

If an element's atoms have valence shells that are less than half full of electrons, that element is a ___________.

conductor

What does a connecting rod do?

connecting rods connect each piston to the engine's crankshaft

___________ can transmit power through very steep angles in order to transfer mechanical energy to the car's wheels.

constant velocity (CV) joints

____________ are animals that eat other organisms.

consumers

Carnivores eat ___________ (animals), while omnivores eat both ___________ and ___________ (plants and animals).

consumers, producers, consumers

The name for the imaginary flow of positive charge, opposite to the actual flow of electrons is __________.

conventional current

An automobile's catalytic converter...

converts exhaust gases to less polluting emissions

What does a crankshaft do?

converts the linear motion of the piston into rotary motion

A magnifying glass is what kind of lens used on objects how far away?

convex lens used closer than one focal length away

A ___________ lens curves outwards; a ___________ lens curves inwards.

convex, concave

What flows through radiator hoses?

coolant flowing from the radiator to the engine and returning from the engine to the radiator

A _____________ saw is used to make fine, curving cuts.

coping

What metal is most often used as a conductor in household electrical systems?

copper

Why is copper used as a conductor more frequently than silver or aluminum?

copper is cheaper than silver and has a lower resistance than aluminum

A castellated nut uses a ____________ to hold it in place.

cotter pin

An amperes is defined as one ___ flowing past a point in one second.

coulomb

The basic unit of electrical charge is the _____________.

coulomb (c)

When two atoms bond by sharing a pair of electrons, a ___________ bond is formed.

covalent

An auto technician performing a cylinder leakage test on an engine sees air bubbles in the radiator with the radiator cap off. What is the most likely cause?

cracked cylinder head

In an automobile engine, reciprocating (up and down) motion is changed into rotary (circular) motion by which one of the following parts?

crankshaft

An adjustable wrench is also called a _____________.

crescent wrench

The standard skew-back saw can have a 10-point blade for ___ or a ___ blade for ___.

cross-cutting, 5-point, ripping

_____________ saws are used to cut across the grain of a piece of wood, while rip saws are used to cut with the grain.

crosscut

_____________ have teeth that are vertically straight; while _____________ have teeth that are angled in alternating directions.

crosscut saws, rip saws

From the surface going inward, the Earth is composed of the...

crust, mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core

Name the three major types of clouds:

cumulus, stratus, cirrus

I

current

A chisel is used for...

cutting

The rotation of the Earth around its axis causes...

day and night

Variables are inversely proportional when an increase in the independent variable results in a ____________ in the dependent variable.

decrease

Which tool is frequently used to cut wire and cables?

diagonal cutters.

The _____________ is a system of muscles that allows _____________.

diaphragm, breathing

The ___________ allows the left and right wheels to turn at different speeds while cornering.

differential

A ___ has a flat shoulder along the back of the blade so that it can be more easily pushed into the soil by foot.

digging spade

The symbol below represents a...

diode

When a P-type semiconductor is joined to an N-type semiconductor, the result is a ____________.

diode

The two types of electrical current are..

direct and alternating

What do DC and AC stand for?

direct current and alternating current

What is the difference between direct current and alternating current?

direct current flows in one direction only, alternating current changes its direction many times a second

A pulley changes the _____________ but not the magnitude of a force.

direction

Torque is __________ proportional to the distance from the center of rotation to the point where the force acts.

directly

Voltage and current are...

directly proportional

The function of the clutch in an automobile is to...

disconnect the engine from the wheels while the gears are being shifted

Speed is ___, and it is expressed as ___.

distance covered per unit of time, and it is expressed as S=d/t

To determine a gear ratio, ...

divide the number of teeth in the larger gear by the number of teeth in the smaller gear

Classifications in order from broadest to narrowest:

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

The process of adding impurities to silicon or germanium in order to improve its usefulness as a semiconductor is called___________.

doping

Recruit Highspeed is assigned to cross a fast-moving stream by swimming it while facing at a right angle to the banks. If he maintains his perpendicular orientation correctly during his swim, where will he arrive on the far bank?

downstream of his departure point

____________ is the common term for the force that opposes movement through air or liquid.

drag

A _____________ can be struck with a hammer in order to drive home a fastener without damaging the work surface.

drift

Under a constant voltage, increasing resistance results in current flow...

dropping

A lunar eclipse occurs when the ___________ passes between the ___________ and the Sun.

earth, moon

Work is calculated using the formula...

effort/load = load distance/effort distance

What unit is used to express torque?

either the newton-meter or the foot-pound

Aside from oxyacetylene welding, the other major type of welding is ____________.

electric arc welding

The resulting flow of electrons through a conductor is a(n)...

electric current

Direct current

electric current flowing in one direction only

Alternating current

electric current that reverses its direction many times a second at regular intervals

Voltage is also known as...

electrical potential

Voltage is also known as...

electrical potential difference. And is sometimes referred to as electromotive force

When a current is passed through a wire coiled around a ferrous material, the result is an ___________.

electromagnet

Instead of carburetors, most cars now have _____________.

electronic fuel injection

If one battery's terminal supplies greater voltage than that of another battery, the first battery terminal has more _______________.

electrons (or negative charge)

electron flow theory states that...

electrons flow from areas of excess negative charge to areas of less negative charge

Electricity is defined as the flow of ___ along a ___.

electrons, conductor

The ___________ is a framework in which the cylinders are arranged.

engine block

The cells that can easily by scraped from the lining of the mouth make up...

epithelial tissue

The _______________ is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

esophagus

The process of liquid water spontaneously changing to a gaseous state at room temperature is known as:

evaporation

The best reason to use a filter in a power supply is to...

even out voltage variations

Spent fuel gases exit the cylinder and passes into the _____________ .

exhaust manifold

A hockey puck sliding on the ice...

experiences kinetic friction

Ova are carried from the ovaries to the uterus through the ____________.

fallopian tubes

Nails, bolts, and screws are all types of...

fasteners

Sound waves travel ____________ through metal than through water, and ____________ through water than through air.

faster, faster

Nitrates can be very useful in...

fertilizers and preserving meats

What do white blood cells do?

fight infection

Which are used for the finer finishing - rasps or files?

files

____________ are smoothing tools that come in flat, half-round, and triangular shapes, among others.

files

On a front-wheel-drive vehicle, the transmission is usually combined with the ___ to form a ___.

final drive, transaxle

A ___________ is used to clean a surface that will be soldered.

flux

Why must welders wear helmets and protective clothing?

for protection from ultraviolet light

Torque is directly proportional to _____________ and _____________.

force, distance

Where in the body is the radius bone located?

forearm

Where in the body is the ulna located?

forearm

A file is made to cut on the ____________ stroke.

forward

If current is able to pass through a diode, the diode must be...

forward biased

A DOHC V-8 engine would have a total of ___ camshafts.

four

The Earth has ___ major oceans that together hold about ___ of the planet's water.

four, 96 percent

Most internal combustion engines employ a ___________ cycle.

four-stroke

No machine is 100% efficient because all machines are affected by _____________.

friction

Simple machines help us transfer a force...

from one point of application to another for some practical advantage.

What happens in an engine's cylinder?

fuel and air are ignited, pushing the piston downward, and then exhaust gases are expelled when the piston moves upward

A lever pivots along a _____________ .

fulcrum

The symbol below represents a...

fuse

A gamete is a cell that...

fuses with another gamete during fertilization

The most basic unit of inheritance is known as a...

gene

Living things are generally referred to using their...

genus and species

Earth science includes...

geophysics, geology, geodesy, meteorology, and oceanography

In the metric system, the basic unit of mass or weight is the ____________.

gram

Tides are caused primarily by...

gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon on Earth's oceans and seas

Each column of the periodic table is called a ____________.

group

What type of saw is used for cutting metal?

hacksaw

The ___ shown below is primarily used for ___.

hacksaw, cutting metal

A _____________ is made to cut on the _____________ stroke.

hacksaw, forward

Between the drive axle and the CV joints, a short drive shaft called the ____________.

half shaft

Gametes are called ____________ (think HAploid = HAlf) because they have half as many chromosomes as normal cells.

haploid

innocuous

harmless

A conductor is any material that...

has many free electrons

A transaxle is most frequently found in vehicles that...

have the engine placed at the same end of the car as the drive wheels

blood circulation from the lungs goes directly to the...

heart

Whenever a current passes through a resistance, what is generated?

heat

Induction is measured in _________.

henries

Primary consumers are also known as ___________.

herbivores

If a person has two alleles that are different for a particular gene, that person is ___________ for that particular gene.

heterozygous

What is the common name for hypertension?

high blood pressure

What are some factors that can contribute to heart disease?

high cholesterol, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking, excess weight

Diesel engines employ a ___________ (or high pressure) to ignite the air-fuel mixture.

high compression ratio

Which of the following is a characteristic of a conductor?

high conductivity, low resistance to electrical current

High-pitched sounds have a ______________ frequency than low-pitched sounds.

higher

Poor conductors have _____________ resistance than good conductors.

higher

What are the two advantages of a four-valve cylinder head over a two-valve cylinder head?

higher engine operating speeds, more complete combustion of the air-fuel mixture

When the secondary side of a transformer has more turns than the primary side, the output voltage will be ___ the input voltage.

higher than

The gaseous state of a substance occurs at a _____________ temperature than the liquid state, which occurs at a _____________ temperature than the solid state.

higher, higher

A ___________ saw can be used to bore circular cuts in wood.

hole

The balanced internal environment of a human cell and the human organism as a whole is called...

homeostasis

If a person has two alleles that are alike for a particular gene, that person is _______________ for that particular gene.

homozygous

The tachometer measures...

how fast the engine is turning in revolutions per minute

What does torque measure?

how much a force is able to cause an object to rotate

Efficiency of a machine is determined by...

how much of the source energy is converted into usable energy

Brakes work through ___________(or fluid) pressure.

hydraulic

Fluid pressure is also known as ___________ pressure.

hydraulic

The water cycle is also known as the ...

hydrologic cycle

Scientific problem solving follows a pattern of actions called the scientific method, which involves the steps (in order) of observation, ...

hypothesis, experiment, theory, and principle

Antibodies...

identify and neutralize foreign objects inside the body

Why are parallel circuits usually superior to series circuits?

if one path has a break or gap, the circuit will remain closed and current can flow

_______________ rock is formed when magma cools.

igneous

The three major types of rocks are...

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

In a first-class lever, where is the fulcrum, and where is the force applied?

in a first class lever, the fulcrum is positioned in the middle of the lever. Force is applied to one end of the lever to lift an object on the other end

What is the difference between disc brakes and drum brakes?

in disc brakes, brake pads on both sides of a rotating disc are pinched together to slow the disc's rotation. In drum brakes, brake shoes inside a rotating drum expand to make contact with the interior of the drum, slowing its motion

What gases are exchanged in human respiration?

in respiration, humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide

When light reflects off a surface the angle of _____________ is equal to the angle of _____________.

incidence, reflection

A ramp is a type of _____________.

inclined plane

If the resistance provided by a load were to decrease, the current flowing through that circuit would __________.

increase

Frictional forces usually do NOT...

increase potential energy

Increasing the voltage in a circuit and keeping resistance the same will result in...

increased current flow

Capacitive reactance decreases as electrical frequency...

increases

Increasing the length of a wedge relative to its height __________ the mechanical advantage provided by the wedge.

increases

When water is heated and confined to a closed container so that the stream can't escape, the pressure inside the container ___ and the temperature of the boiling water ___.

increases, increases

Greek letter phi Φ is used to...

indicate angles or phases

An ___________ resists changes in current flow by applying a voltage that runs against increased current.

inductor

In the water cycle, water soaks into the Earth in a process known as _____________.

infiltration

Resistance

inherent property of materials that hinders the passage of current through a conductor

What are the three most common cylinder arrangements in internal combustion engines?

inline, horizontally opposed, V-type

Viruses can replicate only ______________.

inside a host's cells

A(n) ___ has a valence shell that is more than half full, or is completely full.

insulator

If an element's atoms have valence shells that are more than half full of electrons, that element is an ___________.

insulator

The glucose content of the blood is regulated by...

insulin and adrenaline

The functional names of the four strokes in a common internal combustion engine, in order, are...

intake, compression, combustion, exhaust

What are the four strokes of a four-stroke cycle from first to last?

intake, compression, power, exhaust

Current and resistance are _____________ proportional.

inversely

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that two objects attract each other with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and...

inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

Current and resistance are...

inversely proportional. so when resistance decreases, current increases

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

involved in the synthesis of proteins and fats

Which substance can be used to treat drinking water of questionable purity?

iodine

When one atom bonds to another atom by "borrowing" an electron from it, an __________ bond is formed.

ionic

Table salt is considered a(n)...

ionic compound

What are some minerals that are required for proper nutrition?

iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc

A load ___.

is a device that converts electrical energy into heat, light, or motion

The transmission assembly in an average front-wheel-drive automobile...

is located in the front engine compartment

Electric potential

is the amount of work energy needed to move a unit of electric charge

Two atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons are called ___________.

isotopes

A type of matter is classified as an element when _____________.

it cannot be separated into different types of matter by ordinary chemical methods

How does vaccination (immunization) prevent disease?

it causes the immune system to react to a deactivated, weakened, or partial pathogen so that the immune system will react to future exposure to a similar pathogen

Why are transformers especially useful in the transmission of electricity from power plants to residences?

it is more efficient to transmit high voltage electricity, but most household appliances use low voltage electricity

Combination slip joint pliers are adjustable at the ____________.

joint of the two handles

What are the metric (SI) base units measuring mass, length, liquid volume, and temperature?

kilogram(kg), meter(m), liter(L), and degrees Kelvin (⁰K)

When two surfaces rub together, ____________ friction results.

kinetic

_____________ energy is the energy possessed by a moving object.

kinetic

What are the two types of mechanical energy?

kinetic and potential energy

Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?

lack of Vitamin C

In a wheel and axle arrangement, force is usually applied to the _____________ wheel in order to move the _____________ wheel.

large, smaller

Several loads in series have different resistances. Given that the same current flows through each of them, what relationship does Ohm's law predict between resistance and voltage drop?

larger voltage drops occur across loads with greater resistances

A drill's chuck is identified by the ___________ diameter drill bit it will hold.

largest

What is the most common type of battery used in cars and trucks?

lead-acid

Capacitors connected in series obtain a resulting value...

less than that of the smallest capacitance

The ___ shown below is used to ___.

level, ensure that things are properly oriented for proper functioning

The four forces that act on an aircraft in flight are...

lift (up), gravity (down), thrust (forward), and drag (resisting forward motion)

Energy, usually defined as the ability to do work, may appear in a variety of forms, such as mechanical energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, ___, ___, and ___.

light, heat and sound

The symbol below represents a...

light-emitting diode

A basic rule of electricity:

like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other

In the metric system, the basic unit of volume is the ___________.

liter

Which organ produces bile?

liver

Slippery surfaces have ____________ coefficients of both kinetic and static friction.

low

Red light has a _____________ frequency than violet light.

lower

Where in the body is the fibula located?

lower leg

Where in the body is the tibia located?

lower leg

Acidic substances have a pH _____________ ; basic substances have a pH_____________.

lower than 7, higher than 7

Electrical current flowing through a conductor produces a _____________ field.

magnetic

Biome:

major life zone of interrelated species bound together by a similar climate and similar plant and animal life

In order to hit a baseball so that the ball has greater velocity, the player must...

make contact with the ball for a longer period of time

Producers (mainly plant life):

make their own food via photosynthesis.

The thick layer that lies between the Earth's crust and the Earth's core is called the ___________.

mantle

What are some ways that carbon is released into the atmosphere?

manufacturing emissions, vehicle emissions, respiration, and decomposing organic matter

What is the difference between mass and weight?

mass is the amount of matter an object has, while weight is the amount of force exerted on the object's mass by gravity

The ___________ generates the fluid pressure to operate the brake assemblies at the wheels.

master cylinder

Kwashiorkor would probably be cause by a diet deficient in...

meat, eggs, and dairy products

Before soldering an electrical connection, it is wise to make a ____________ connection.

mechanical

The _____________ is the portion of the brain that controls involuntary actions such as breathing.

medulla

What is the name of the process by which gametes are produced from diploid cells?

meiosis

Above the stratosphere is the ____________.

mesosphere

Earth's core is nearly twice as dense as its mantle because the core is ____________.

metallic

On the basis of their atomic structure, atoms are considered ___ if they tend to lend electrons, ___ if they borrow electrons, and ___ if they do neither.

metals, nonmetals, inert

_______________ rock is formed when existing rock material is altered by changes in temperatures, pressure, or other processes.

metamorphic

Small objects that enter the Earth's surface and burn up, creating a visible bright streak in the night sky, are called ___________. If one makes it to Earth's surface, it is called a ___________.

meteors, meteorite

In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the ___________.

meter

In science, acceleration is often measured in ____________, or m/s^2.

meters per second per second

A _____________ is the best tool for measuring small objects to the thousandth of an inch.

micrometer

Aircrafts are designed to be sleek to ____________ the effect of drag; parachutes are designed with large areas to ____________ the effects of drag.

minimize, maximize

A convex ____________ diverges light waves; a convex ____________ converges light waves.

mirror, lens

A ____________ is a powered saw that sits on a table and can be used to make angled cuts.

miter saw

In cellular respiration, cell organelles called ____________ process sugar and oxygen in order to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide.

mitochondria

The process by which a cell divides, producing two cells both of which are identical to the parent cell, is called ____________.

mitosis

The ___ shown below is used for ___.

mitre box, finishing cuts on moldings and trim materials

Alloys are...

mixtures of two or more metals

when a liquid becomes a gas...

molecules move farther apart

A solar eclipse occurs when the ___________ passes between ___________ and the Sun.

moon, earth

Compared to a smaller mass, a larger mass requires ___ force to achieve the same acceleration rate.

more

Static friction only arises in response to an attempt to _____________ .

move an object along a surface

What is electricity?

movement and flow of electrons

In most cars exhaust gases pass through the catalytic converter and through the _____________ before leaving the car.

muffler

The most common types of fuel injection systems are called _____________.

multiport fuel injection and direct injection

Electrons have a ___ charge.

negative

Current flows from...

negative to positive

What is the name for nerve cells?

neurons

A ___________ is a subatomic particle that bears no charge.

neutron

The major portion of an atom's mass consists of...

neutrons and protons

Can sound travel through a vacuum?

no

Elements whose outer shells are completely filled with electrons are ___________.

noble gases

In which organelle does DNA replication take place?

nucleus

Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells that do not have a ______________.

nucleus

The genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is contained in its __________.

nucleus

The UNC (Unified National Course) and UNF (Unified National Fine) classifications define fasteners based on which measure?

number of threads per inch

Which of the following is a type of second-class lever? a. nutcracker b. vise c. screw d. pulley

nutcracker

____________ thread onto bolts to clamp assemblies together.

nuts

Resistance can be measured using a device called an __________.

ohmmeter

Resistance can be measured using a...

ohmmeter

The instrument used to measure electrical resistance is called...

ohmmeter

Resistance is measured in ____________. Ω (omega symbol)

ohms

What happens in an engine's oil pan?

oil drips from various engine parts into the pan, cools, and is picked back up by the oil tube and sent back to the oil pump

What are oil galleries?

oil galleries are passages throughout the engine that deliver oil to various engine components

In a double overhead cam arrangement, what does each cam do?

one cam operates the exhaust valves, the other operates the intake valves

An ampere is defined as...

one coulomb, the basic unit of electrical charge, flowing past a given point in one second

One hertz is equivalent to...

one cycle per second of any continuous process

A centimeter is ___.

one hundredth of a meter

A watt is defined as ____________, or one ampere times one volt.

one joule per second

A watt is the power that gives rise to the production of energy at the rate of...

one joule per second

What is a unique feature of Vitamin D?

one of its best sources comes not from diet but from the Sun. The skin generates vitamin D in response to ultraviolet rays

The camshaft turns at ___ the speed of the engine's crankshaft.

one-half

The camshaft turns at ______________ the speed of the engine's crankshaft.

one-half

The ___ wrench holds the nut on two sides only; the ___ wrench grips the nut on all six sides, and ___ wrenches can be used to fit a variety of nut and bolt sizes.

open end, box, adjustable

Electrical resistance is best defined as...

opposition to the flow of current

____________ calipers measure the exterior dimensions of an object; ____________ calipers measure interior dimensions.

outside, inside

OHV:

overhead valve

____________ welding uses a torch fueled by a mixture of ____________ and ____________.

oxyacetylene, oxygen, acetylene

When a plant performs photosynthesis, it produces ___ as a by-product

oxygen

The respiratory system enables blood cells to absorb ____________ and eliminate ____________ and water vapor.

oxygen, carbon dioxide

What role does pepsin play in the body?

pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach

A signal's frequency is inversely proportional to its...

period

Each row of the periodic table is called a ____________.

period

An automobile's universal joint is necessary in order to...

permit the drive shaft to flex in response to road conditions

A person's appearance resulting from his or her genetic makeup is called the person's...

phenotype

A person's physical characteristics, taken all together, are known as that person's ______________.

phenotype

What are some ways that carbon is removed from the atmosphere?

photosynthesis and absorption by rain and by bodies of water

Motherboard

physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components

A welder will require more electric current if either the ____________ or the ____________ is larger.

pieces being welded, electrode in use

What tool is used to drive pins out of holes and follow the pins through the holes?

pin punch

What do piston rings do?

piston rings seal the cylinder so that exhaust gases do not leak out and oil does not leak in

A ______________ can be used to smooth out a large wooden surface.

plane (or jack plane)

The main difference(s) between plant and animal cells...

plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, and animal cells sometimes have flagella or cilia

Name four major components of blood:

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

The theory of ____________ explains how chunks of the Earth's crust and upper mantle slowly move.

plate tectonics

The particle with a ___ charge in the nucleus of an atom is a(n) ___.

positive, proton

An acid gives up ____________ charged hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

positively

Bananas are a source of which important mineral?

potassium

____________ energy derives from an object's position, shape, or state, rather than from its motion.

potential

A spring is a flexible device that can resume its original shape and strength after bending or stretching. A spring stores...

potential energy

Potential energy derives from what and has the potential to do what?

potential energy derives from an object's position or shape, and it has the potential to be converted into kinetic energy

As an object falls, its _____________ energy is converted to _____________ energy.

potential, kinetic

What is a PCM?

powertrain control module

When a warm front meets a cold front, a likely result is ___________.

precipitation

The low-voltage winding in a car's ignition system is called the ____________.

primary coil winding

What does a catalytic converter do?

processes the toxic gases in engine exhaust, turning them into carbon dioxide, water, and other less harmful substances

Ribosomes:

produce proteins

Voltage and current are directly _______________.

proportional

___ are necessary for the body's maintenance, growth and repair.

proteins

What role do proteins play in nutrition?

proteins enable the body's growth and repair of tissues

Which particle of an atom carries a positive charge? A negative charge? No charge?

proton, electron, neutron

What two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?

protons and neutrons

A neutral atom has the same number of ____________ and ____________.

protons, electrons

In an atom, ____________ have a positive charge, while ____________ have a negative charge.

protons, electrons

The two main functions of an automobile's ignition system are to...

provide a high-voltage spark for combustion and to time the engine

Rebar is commonly used to...

provide reinforcement inside cast concrete structures

The safest way to make a hole in sheet metal is to...

punch it through

A _____________ can be struck with a hammer in order to make holes or to drive home fasteners.

punch, hammer

When heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, this is known as ___________.

radiation

The basic unit of heat is the calorie, which is the amount of heat needed to...

raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

In chemical reactions, the molecules and atoms entering the reaction are called ____________, and those resulting from the reaction are called ____________.

reactants, products

Changing AC to DC is called what?

rectification

The conversion of AC to DC is called ____________.

rectification

The AC electricity produced by the alternator is converted to DC by the ____________ (or rectifier bridge).

rectifier

A junction diode is used for...

rectifying power-line frequencies and higher currents

When light bends due to passing through a medium, this bending is referred to as _____________.

refraction

The ratio by which light is slowed when passing through a medium is referred to as the medium's ______________.

refractive index

Opposition to the flow of current is known as...

resistance

The property of a circuit that opposes the flow of electrons is...

resistance

A ______________ is used to raise or lower current in a circuit.

resistor

This symbol represents a...

resistor (or the squigly)

resistance =

resists current

The process by which the body's cells use oxygen and glucose to produce energy, while releasing carbon dioxide and water vapor as waste products, is known as...

respiration

All living systems must be able to perform certain biochemical and biopsychical activities known as life functions, which include: ...

respiration, circulation, and reproduction

Each ___, of the Earth around the Sun takes about ___ to complete.

revolution, 365.25 days

What role do ribosomes play in a eukaryotic cell?

ribosomes produce proteins

In order, describe how blood flows from the heart to the body:

right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body

Plant cells have a ____________, while animal cells do not.

rigid cell wall

What fastener is used to create a semipermanent assembly?

rivet

In an automobile engine, the valves in the top of each cylinder are controlled by ___, which are moved by a ___.

rocker arms and rods, camshaft

Most drill bits are made to cut when...

rotating to the right when viewed from the top

______________ of the periodic table refer to the number of electron shells in atoms.

rows

Why would someone use a rubber or wooden mallet?

rubber or wooden mallets are most frequently used to protect the work surface from dents or scratches. Rubber mallets are often used on delicate metal surfaces, while wooden mallets are usually used in carpentry

All of the following are types of screwdrivers EXCEPT: a. hex b. spanner head c. robertson d. rutherford

rutherford

Decomposers, which break down organic matter and release minerals into the soil, are also known as ____________.

saprotrophs

A vulture would be considered a...

scavenger

In terms of the food web, vultures and wolverines are examples of ____________.

scavengers

All of the following are simple machines except... a. a pulley b. a crowbar c. scissors d. a ramp

scissors

The six categories of simple machines are the lever, inclined plane, ___, ___, ___, and ___.

screw, ledge, pulley, and wheel and axle

Carnivores are also known as ___________ consumers.

secondary

The high voltage winding in a car's ignition system is called the ____________.

secondary coil winding

A(n) ___ is neither a good conductor nor good insulator, but useful for making electronic components.

semiconductor

If an element's atoms have valence shells that are exactly half full of electrons, that element is a _____________.

semiconductor

Silicon is a...

semiconductor

___________ send data to a car's computer; ___________ receive commands from a car's computer.

sensors, actuators

A circuit with only one path is a ____________ circuit.

series

In most home electrical systems, loads are wired in parallel with a fuse wired in ___________.

series

A pipe wrench, which has ___, would likely most often be used by a(n) ___.

serrated teeth and a pivoting jaw, plumber

Electrons orbit an atom in a set of layers or levels called ___________.

shells

___________ protect other car parts from the energy produced by the up-and-down movement of the wheels.

shock absorbers

The reaction between sodium, metal, and water can be classified as...

single replacement

A wheel and axle arrangement links two wheels of different ____________.

sizes

What is the common name for the cranium?

skull

If a small gear drives a larger gear, the larger gear will turn with a _____________ speed than the smaller gear, but _____________ will be increased.

slower, torque (or rational force)

In a hydraulic system, a _____________ is applied over a greater distance to produce a greater force over a _____________.

smaller force, smaller distance

Snap rings are usually installed and removed using ____________.

snap ring pliers

Instead of using a wrench to loosen a fastener in a tight space, a worker could use a ____________ with a ____________.

socket, ratchet handle

Erosion and depletion are problems associated with...

soil conservation

Binding surfaces together with a molten metal alloy is called ____________.

soldering

The state of matter occurring at lower temperatures is the _____________ state.

solid

Matter, defined as anything that occupies space and has mass, exists in one of three states or conditions: ___, ___, or ___.

solid, liquid, or gas

The ______________ nervous system controls voluntary actions, and the ______________ nervous system controls involuntary activity.

somatic, autonomic

A magnetic compass's ____________ pole points to the Earth's ____________ pole.

south, north

What parts have been eliminated in coil-on-plug ignition systems?

spark plug wires

Diesel engines lack a ____________ (a common element in gasoline-burning engines).

spark-ignition system

The function of an enzyme is to...

speed up a chemical reaction

What is produced in the testicles?

sperm

The _____________ is the major connecting center between the brain and the nerve network.

spinal cord

A concave surface curves inward, while a convex surface bulges outward. A concave lens causes light rays to ___, whereas a convex lens causes light rays to...

spread apart (diverge), come together (converge)

A ___ cuts off sheet metal in a straight line.

squaring sheer

____________ friction prevents an object from moving unless overcome by a sufficiently large force.

static

For any given surface, the coefficient of ____________ friction is higher than the coefficient of ____________ friction.

static, kinetic

A _____________ front produces cloudy and wet weather.

stationary

A measuring device with two arms that meet at a 90 degree angle is called a _____________.

steel square, carpenter's square, or framing square

The ideal air-fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine is known as the ___ point, which is ___.

stoichiometric, 14.7:1

Which organ in the body employs gastric acid?

stomach

The ozone layer is part of the _____________ .

stratosphere

A car's battery has plates made from lead immersed in a mixture of ____________ and water.

sulfuric acid

When the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, the season is _____________ in the northern hemisphere and _____________ in the southern hemisphere.

summer, winter

The symbol below represents a...

switch

The beneficial relationship between termites and the protozoa that inhabit their digestive systems is called...

symbiosis

What is the common name for the coccyx?

tailbone

On the Richter scale, an earthquake of magnitude 2 is ____________ than an earthquake of magnitude 1.

ten times greater

An acid with a pH of 5 is ____________ acidic than an acid with a pH of 6.

ten times more

_____________ is the term for responsive force exerted within an object as the object is stretched.

tension

Newton's Third Law of Motion states:

that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Newton's Second Law of Motion states:

that the acceleration of an object is directly related to the net force and inversely related to its mass. Acceleration of an object depends on two things, force and mass

Conventional current, which is defined by...

the (imaginary) flow of positive charge and is opposite in direction to actual electron flow

Over the course of 24 hours...

the Earth rotates 360 degrees about its axis

The ocean current that extends from Florida across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe is...

the Gulf Stream

What is the most likely cause of engine "knock?"

the air fuel explodes (detonates) rather than burns, often due to a lean air-fuel mixture

Electrical power:

the amount of energy delivered to an used by an electric current

One ohm is defined as...

the amount of resistance that will allow one ampere of current to flow if one volt of electrical pressure is placed on a conductor

Biosphere:

the biosphere consists of the layers of Earth where life naturally occurs

White blood cells are produced in...

the bones

Why does a combination wrench have both a box end and an open end?

the box end is used to loosen a tight bolt, and the open end is used to quickly remove a bolt that has been loosened

Energy:

the capacity to do work

Although there are some differences between plant and animal cells, all cells have the same basic structure, which includes organelles (cell parts) known as...

the cell membrane, nucleus, and ribosomes

While attempting to push a very heavy box across the floor, ...

the coefficient of static friction is dependent on the nature of the surface the box is resting on

Why are the four planets closest to the Sun called the terrestrial planets?

the composition of these planets is similar to that of Earth

In a series circuit, does the current vary, alternate, or remain the same throughout the circuit?

the current remains the same

Resistance in a circuit is changed from 50 ohms to 25 ohms. If the voltage in the circuit remains the same, what will happen to the current?

the current will double

Why is the diameter of a fastener critical to a task?

the diameter of a fastener determines the size of the hole the fastener is installed in

What function does the distributor perform?

the distributor is responsible for timing the ignition spark and distributing it to the correct cylinder

During a lunar eclipse...

the earth lies between the moon and the sun

How is the efficiency of a machine defined?

the efficiency of a machine is an expression of how much of the force inputted into the machine is turned into movement of force

What are some compounds produced by the pancreas?

the enzymes pancreatic amylase, lipase, and trypsin, and the hormone insulin

Why is an inclined plane a good solution for a lifting task?

the force required will be less than the force required to lift the object directly

Geology is the study of...

the formation and composition of the earth

When discussing a vehicle's wheel alignment, tracking means that...

the front wheels are correctly followed by the rear wheels

Pliers are an example of a first-class lever because...

the fulcrum is positioned between the effort and the load

In a second-class lever, where is the fulcrum, and where is the force applied?

the fulcrum is positioned near one end of the lever underneath it, and the force is applied upward to the other end in order to move and object resting on the lever between the force and the fulcrum

In a third-class lever, where is the fulcrum, and where is the force applied?

the fulcrum is positioned near one end of the lever, and an upward force is applied to the middle of the lever in order to lift an object positioned on the other end of the lever

Newton's second law of motion states that acceleration is produced when a force acts upon its mass, and...

the greater the mass of the object, the greater the amount of force needed

Stoichiometric ratio:

the ideal air-fuel mixture from insertion into the engine cylinder. For gasoline engines, this is 14.7:1 by weight

What is the function of the intake valve in an internal combustion engine?

the intake valve allows the air fuel mixture to be drawn into the combustion chamber

Endometrium:

the lining in the uterus

A magnetic compass points in the direction of...

the local magnetic field

What five functions does an engine's lubrication system perform?

the lubrication system lubricates, cools, seals, cleans, and quiets

Atomic mass:

the mass of a single atom. It can be approximated by adding together the atom's protons and neutrons. One proton or one neutron has a mass roughly equal to one atomic mass unit (amu).

What is chiefly responsible for generating fluid pressure to operate a car's brakes?

the master cylinder

What determines whether an element is a good conductor, semiconductor or insulator?

the number of electrons that reside in a valence shell

What is an element's atomic number?

the number of protons in one of the element atoms

What primarily determines the mechanical advantage of a block and tackle?

the number of pulleys

Where is the oil filter positioned in an engine?

the oil filter filters oil after it leaves the oil and before it circulates through the engine

How is a car's oil pump powered?

the oil pump is usually powered by the crankshaft

The apogee of an orbiting object refers to...

the point in an orbit that is farthest from the body being orbited

In hydraulics, Pascal's law states that:

the pressure in any part of an enclosed fluid is the same and points in all directions

What is the principle of conservation of mechanical energy?

the principle states that the total mechanical energy (PE+KE) of an object remains constant as long as no other force is applied

Sublimation (as used in chemistry):

the process by which a solid turns into a gas (without passing through a liquid phase)

Photosynthesis:

the process by which plants take in light energy, water, and carbon dioxide and use these substances to produce sugar and oxygen

The most likely place for a cable to snap is nearest _____________.

the pulling device

What are the two types of powers that watts measure?

the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or transformed into another type of energy

Power:

the rate at which work is performed, and measured in watts (sometimes horsepower)

Which area of the engine is most reliant on lubrication?

the reciprocating assembly (pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft)

Ovulation:

the release of an egg from an ovary through the fallopian tubes and into the uterus

A chemical change is always accompanied by...

the release or absorption of energy

An atom has...

the same number of protons and electrons

The temperature of the atmosphere falls during the nighttime hours because...

the side of the Earth not facing the Sun loses heat by radiation

Capillaries:

the smallest blood vessels, which deliver oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and carry away deoxygenated blood

Molecule:

the smallest particle of a substance that has the properties of that substance; a molecule is composed of two or more atoms

What is an atom?

the smallest particles that elements can be broken into and still retain the properties of that element

What is the main advantage of a soldering gun over a soldering iron?

the soldering gun has a very rapid warm-up cycle

What is inertia?

the tendency of all matter to resist changes in motion

Momentum is...

the tendency of an object to continue moving in the same direction

A wheel's camber is the angle of the wheel, measured in degrees, when viewed from the front of the vehicle. A "positive" camber means that...

the top of the wheel is leaning away from the center of the vehicle

Net force:

the total of various pushes and pulls acting on an object

Viscosity:

the viscosity of a liquid is its resistance to flow. Liquids with higher viscosity are thicker and flow less easily

If an AC current is delivered at 20 Hz, what is it that happens 20 times per second in that circuit?

the voltage begins at zero, increases to a maximum level, decreases to zero again, switches direction and increases to a maximum level in that direction, and returns to zero again

Trachea:

the windpipe - the passageway from the throat to the lungs

What does the work-energy theorem say?

the work-energy theorem states that any work done to move an object from a resting position to a certain velocity will be converted into the kinetic energy of that object

Where in the body are the carpal bones located?

the wrists

Newton's third law of motion states that for every action...

there is an equal and opposite reaction

The hottest and uppermost layer of Earth's atmosphere is the ____________.

thermosphere

Engine temperature is controlled by the...

thermostat

An automobile starting system includes components such as the starter motor, solenoid, and relay. What do these components have in common?

they all use the principle of electromagnetism

Where in the body is the femur located?

thigh

A hammer with a 16 to 20-ounce head is typically used for what purpose?

this weight of hammer is a rough-framing hammer and is often used for framing wooden houses

___ cylinders will fire in one revolution of a six-cylinder engine.

three

The Moon affects which activity on Earth?

tides

The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft by means on a ____________ or ____________.

timing belt, timing chain

Most solders are an alloy of...

tin and lead

Mitigate

to alleviate

What is the function of the radiator?

to transmit heat from the coolant to the outside air

What is the basic function of the drivetrain system?

to transmit power from the engine to the wheels.

The type of meteorological system with the highest-velocity winds is the...

tornado

____________ is the term for the ability of a force to cause an object to rotate.

torque

Another name for a transistor is...

transfer resistor

A ___________ is used to increase or decrease voltage in a unit.

transformer

The ____________ is a solid-state device that has revolutionized the construction of electronic devices.

transistor

The _____________ matches engine speed to the desired speed of the vehicle.

transmission

The transaxle in a front-wheel drive vehicle combines which two components that are normally distinct in a rear-wheel drive vehicle?

transmission, drive axle

When water evaporates from the leaves of plants, this is known as ______________.

transpiration

What is the lowest level of Earth's atmosphere?

troposphere

What are examples of human diseases caused by bacteria?

tuberculosis, diphtheria, anthrax

The job of the timing belt is to ___ while maintaining a precise alignment.

turn the camshaft(s) at exactly half the speed of the crankshaft

Each person has _____________ (one from each parent) for every trait.

two alleles

Diploid cells have ____________ the number of chromosomes as do haploid cells.

two times

Which blood type is the universal donor?

type O

In concrete work a "darby" is a...

type of wooden float

Newton's first law of motion, often called the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion with the same speed and same direction...

unless acted upon an unbalanced force

superfluous

unnecessary

Where in the body in the humerus bone located?

upper arm

____________ carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The ____________ carries urine from the bladder outside the body.

ureters, urethra

The outer shell of an atom is known as its ____________ shell.

valence

The outer shell of an atom is its...

valence shell

What is the outer shell of an atom called?

valence shell

The "twinkling" of stars in the night sky is caused by...

variations in the Earths atmosphere

The _____________ carries sperm from the testicles to the penis by way of the prostate.

vas deferens

The two factors that govern when an automatic transmission will shift are...

vehicle speed and engine load

A ___ is used in a router to cut fine lines in a material, such as those used for decorative purposes.

veining bit

What type of blood vessel carries blood from the other parts of the body to the heart?

veins

___ carry blood back to the heart from the capillaries.

veins

Speed is different from velocity because...

velocity involves both speed and direction

Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the...

vena cava

What is the name of the two largest veins in the body?

venae cavae

A _____________ is an animal with a spine.

vertebrate

An air wrench combines torque with ____________ to loosen fasteners.

vibration or vibrating action

Which color's light waves have the highest frequency?

violet

Is the flu caused by bacterium or a virus?

virus

Antibiotic drugs are not effective against illnesses caused by ... (several different answers)

viruses, diet, lifestyle choices and genetic disorders

A ____________ holds a piece of work to a surface such as a worktable.

vise

Name some types of electromagnetic radiation:

visible light, radio waves, microwaves, ultra violet waves, infrared waves, x-rays, and gamma rays

What is the common name for the larynx?

voice box

Electrical "pressure" is also known as....

voltage

What is the common term for electrical potential difference or electromotive force?

voltage

What is voltage?

voltage is the electric "pressure" produced by a large negative charge

When a driver turns on the car's lights or radio, this causes a decrease in system voltage. The ____________ responds to this by increasing the output of the alternator.

voltage regulator

Electrical pressure is known as...

voltage, and is measured in volts

To measure voltage, one would use...

voltmeter

You can measure voltage by using a...

voltmeter

When an acid is combined with a base, they produce _______________.

water and salt

What are a car's water jackets?

water jackets are hollow sections of the engine black through which coolant flows

Amount of electrical power is measured in units called...

watts

A ____________ is a type of inclined plane that can be moved in order to gain mechanical advantage in lifting, splitting, or tightening objects.

wedge

On horizontal surfaces, the normal force is usually equal to the _____________.

weight of the object

High-intensity ultraviolet light is generated during...

welding

When would a technician use adjustable joint pliers?

when large diameter objects must be gripped or twisted

Golgi apparatus:

which "packages" proteins for use

Centrosomes:

which can be important in guiding the cells reproduction

Lysosomes:

which help the cell manage waste

___________ nuts can be loosened by hand.

wing

When the Earth is closest to the Sun it is ____________ in the northern hemisphere and ____________ in the southern hemisphere.

winter, summer

MIG (metal inert gas) welding is also known as ____________.

wire-feed welding

If an automobile is using a lot of oil, which of the following is likely to be the cause?

worn or broken piston rings

Can light travel through a vacuum?

yes

Potentiometer - pic

(its sideways in the pic-arrow points downwards on the top)

Ground - pic

(or it can look like a rake)

Circuit breaker - pic

(sideways - broken part points downwards)

Conventional current flow is from...

+ to - (positive to negative)

Absolute zero expressed in degrees celsius is ____________.

-273 C

A four cylinder engine's firing order always starts with cylinder number...

1

One pound of force is applied to move an object a distance of one foot. How much work has been done?

1 foot-pound

The mass of one cubic meter of water is approximately...

1,000 kilograms

Kilowatt is what?

1,000 watt

A one-kilogram mass is dropped from a height of 1 meter. Its kinetic energy just before it hits the ground is about...

10 joules

A capacitor of 100 microfarads has a capacity of...

100,000,000 picofarads

How many megabytes in a gigabyte?

1000 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte

The stoichiometric, or ideal, air-fuel ratio is...

14.7:1 this means that 14.7 pounds of air is combined with 1 pound of fuel to create an ideal air-fuel mix.

The speed of light in a vacuum is about...

186,000 miles per second

When did the space shuttle first fly?

1981

A resistor marked "2kΩ" has a value of...

2,000 ohms

A parallel circuit with resistors of 10 ohms, 10 ohms, and 5 ohms has a total resistance of...

2.5 ohms

a 120-volt circuit has a resistance of 6 ohms. How much current is present in the circuit?

20 amperes, (120 divided by 6)

How many bones are in the human body?

206

The most accurate description of the Earth's atmosphere is that it is composed of...

21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 0.3% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of rare gases, water vapor, and some dust particles

A carbon resistor marked with colored bands of (left to right) red, brown, orange, and gold is of what value and tolerance?

21,000 ohms ±5%

On a Fahrenheit thermometer, the boiling point of water at sea level is...

212 degrees F

How long is your small intestine?

22 feet

How many chromosomes do human gametes have?

23

Humans have ___ PAIRS of chromosomes...

23 PAIRS, 46 in total

A 120-volt electrical power supply produces two amperes to the load. The power delivered is...

240 watts

Water freezes at ___________ Kelvin.

273

A 10-penny nail is about ___ long.

3 inches

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately _____________.

300 million mps (meters per second)

32 cycles per second is equivalent to...

32 hertz (Hz)

Earth is approximately ______________ years old.

4.6 billion

The half-life of iodine-131 (I-131 for short) is 8 days. Approximately how long would it take for 16 milligrams of I-131 to decay to a half milligram?

40 days

How many chromosomes do nonreproductive cells have?

46

Engine coolant is usually composed of a mixture of ___________ and ___________.

50% antifreeze, 50% water

What is one horsepower equal to?

550 foot-pounds per second, or 746 watts

Sockets come in both ___ point designs.

6 and 12

In North America, AC is delivered at _______ Hz.

60

What is the pH of pure water?

7

The valence shell holds a maximum of how many electrons?

8

A 12-volt battery contains how many cells?

8 cells

What is the optimal range of pressure in a cooling system?

9 to 16 psi (pounds per square inch)

Acceleration due to gravity is approximately___________, not counting air resistance.

9.8 meters per second per second

The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is about...

93 million miles

Which of these is an acceptable symbol for Amperes?

A

Capacitor

A device used to store an electric charge

Population:

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same region.

Electronic devices operate at what?

A high frequency

Transformer

A machine used for reducing or increasing the voltage of an alternating current

Biome:

A major life zone of interrelated species bound together by similar climate, vegetation, and animal life.

Soldering

A process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and then flowing a filler metal into the joint

What is a cell?

A storage compartment for electricity in a battery

Ecosystem:

A system made up of a community of animals, plants, and other organisms as well as the abiotic (non-living) aspects of its environment.

What are the four blood types?

A, AB, B, O

Do household electrical outlets in North America use AC or DC current?

AC current

Does an alternator produce DC or AC power?

AC power

A viral infection in humans characterized by a very long time between the initial exposure and the exhibition of symptoms is...

AIDS

Cutting torches use a mixture of ___ to produce a high temperature flame.

Acetylene and oxygen

What does the muscular system do?

Allows organs to contract and allows bodily movement

AC

Alternating Current

Current is measured using...

Ammeter

What device is used to measure electrical current?

Ammeter

You would measure the amount of current through a circuit with a/an...

Ammeter

What is used to measure current that is going through a circuit?

Amp gauge

Current is measured in...

Amperes

Electrical current is measured in _______________.

Amperes

The rate of electrons through a conductor is measured in units of....

Amperes

What is another name for transistor?

Amplifier

Electrical Current is always counted in what measurement?

Amps

What does an ammeter do?

An ammeter measures electrical current

Potentiometer

An device for measuring an electromotive force by balancing it against the potential difference

___ are used for ___, whereas ___ are most often used for ___.

Angle grinders and sanders are used for hard materials such as metals, while orbital vibrating sanders are most often used for smoothing wood surfaces

Antagonism

Animosity

Ground

Any part of a circuit that measures 0-Volts

raiment

Attire

A transistor has at least three terminals for connecting an external circuit, and they are?

Base, Emitter, and Collector terminals

What is the world biggest animal?

Blue whale

What does the digestive and excretory system do?

Breaks down food into smaller substances that the body can absorb and process into energy; eliminates waste from the body

How can you figure out how many cells a battery has?

By dividing the voltage of the battery by 1.5

A motor oil with a ___ prefix for its quality rating would be suited for a Diesel engine.

CD

Compounds designed to store electrical charge is called...

Capacitors

What is the most common element on Earth?

Carbon

Negative Terminal

Cathode

Adjustable joint pliers are used to grip larger-diameter objects and are also known as _____________.

Channellock pliers or water pump pliers

Human beings belong to the phylum...

Chordata

Chromosomes are tightly coiled threads of DNA composed of twin strands called...

Chromatids

Opposite of: deft

Clumsy

What is the most common type of pliers? (Kinda)

Combination slip joint pliers

What does the endocrine system do?

Communicated through hormones

A ___ is an element that allows electrons to flow freely.

Conductor

Boron is a

Conductor

The number of electrons that reside in the valence shell are what determines whether an element is a...

Conductor, semiconductor, or an insulator.

Which of the following is not a terminal on a transistor?

Control

Rectifier

Converts AC current to DC current

Examples of an electrical conductor:

Copper, aluminum, gold, silver

The sky is filled with dark, puffy clouds, and there is a thunderstorm approaching. What type of clouds are you seeing?

Cumulus

Ohms law

Current= Voltage/Resistance

Does a battery supply AC or DC current?

DC

Does a car's battery provide DC or AC electricity?

DC

What does DNA do?

DNA contains instructions for the construction of proteins. It determines an organism's genetic makeup and traits

The main difference between DOT3, DOT4, and DOT5 brake fluid is...

DOT3 and DOT4 absorb water, and DOT5 does not

What does the cardiovascular and circulatory system do?

Delivers oxygenated blood and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body, whisks away waste products, and returns the blood to the heart to oxygenate it again

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Opposite of: scrupulous

Derelict

GFCI

Device that shuts off an electric power circuit when it detects that current is flowing along an unintended path

DC

Direct Current

What does the abbreviation D.C. Stand for?

Direct Current

All cars are currently being built with ___ electrical systems.

Direct current

Insulators

Disrupt the current

Neutrons

Does not possess a charge

Name the taxonomic classification, from the broadest to the most specific category: (Remember it this way: Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup)

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

In an electrical circuit diagram, the symbol used to show wires connecting is a/an...

Dot (.)

Opposite of: veracity

Duplicity

What formula would you use to calculate a simple machine's mechanical efficiency?

Efficiency = work output/work input

Voltage

Electric potential difference between two charged points in an electric field

Which of the following statements about electrical resistance is false?

Electrically conductive materials have no resistive properties

What does the reproductive system do?

Enables and controls the production of offspring

_____________ is the process by which liquid water becomes water vapor.

Evaporation

Coulombs

Explains how strong the force will be between two electrostatic charges

____________ is the mathematical formula representing Newton's second law of motion.

F=ma

What does the renal and urinary system do?

Filters toxins from the blood and sends them out with urine

___ washers evenly distribute the ___of a bolted connection over a wider area or compensate for an oversized hole; ___ washers ___ between the bolted connection and the work piece, which prevents the bolt and nut from loosening.

Flat, compressive load, lock, exert force

Electrical current is the what?

Flow, or rate of the flow of electrons in a current

The starter motor's drive gear engages with the engine's...

Flywheel ring gear

A closed circuit must exist for what?

For electricity to flow

The weather report indicates a warm air front is moving in. Which is most likely to occur as a result of that warm air front?

Freezing rain

The number of times a current completes two alternations of direction per second is known as what?

Frequency

In what direction does current go in electrical flow notation...

From negative to positive

Our sun is classified as a ___ star or yellow ___.

G2V or yellow dwarf

Cell division is the process where...

Genetic material is replicated in the nucleus.

The ___ is a unit of mass. (Similar to weight)

Gram (g)

What wire color is not considered "hot"?

Gray

Which part of the ear is most likely to be damaged by loud noises?

Hairs in the cochlea

Who invented the telescope?

Hans Lippershey

What does the lymphatic and immune system do?

Helps rid the body of toxins, waste, and other materials the body doesn't need; fights infection

Unit of measurement for frequency is called what?

Hertz (Hz)

Frequency is usually measured in ____________ .

Hz

In the United States, what is the specification for an electrical outlet in a bathroom near a sink?

If within 6 feet of a sink, an outlet must be GFCI protected

What type of rock is obsidian?

Igneous

Inertia is best defined as...

Inertia is a resistance to all changes in motion, whether it is in direction, speeding up, slowing down, starting to move from a stop, or from stopping while moving.

What does the respiratory system do?

Inhaled air, uses the oxygen in the air to release energy, and exhales the carbon dioxide that results from this process

An ______ has a valence shell that is more than half full, or is completely full.

Insulator

Phosphorus is a

Insulator

Kilowatt-hour

Is 1-hour at a rate of 1,000 watts

The four planets beyond Mars are ___ and are referred as ___.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. And are called outer planets.

The _____________ scale is based on a measurement known as absolute zero.

Kelvin

Most energy is measured in what?

Kilowatt hour

The symbol for inductance is...

L

____________ are used for cutting and bending heavy-gauge wire.

Lineman pliers

What is the term for magnetic effects that are perpendicular to the conductor and parallel to each other?

Lines of force

Jargon

Lingo

The ___ is a unit of volume.

Liter (L)

Stratus clouds:

Low-hanging, broad, flat clouds that blanket the sky. Dark stratus clouds indicate that rain will soon occur.

What occurs when a wire is wrapped around an iron core and a current is sent through the wire?

Magnetic effect

Using a fuse with a current rating higher than that required by a circuit will do what?

Make the circuit less safe

Our solar system's asteroid belt lies between the orbits of _____________.

Mars and Jupiter

The asteroid belt closest to Earth lies between which two planets?

Mars and Jupiter

What is the correct sequence of objects in the solar system, moving away from the sun?

Mars, asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus

Cumulus clouds:

Massive clouds that are puffy, like popcorn, with relatively flat bottoms and rounded tops. When cumulus clouds darken, you can expect heavy rain.

Amperes

Measures current

Watts

Measures power

Ohms

Measures resistance

Volts

Measures the difference of potential between two points

___________________ is the advantage gained by using a mechanism to help transmit force.

Mechanical advantage

The member of the solar system with the shortest period of solar revolution is...

Mercury

Name the planets, in order from the Sun outward. Remember: My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

The four closest planets to the Sun are ___ and are called ___.

Mercury, Venus, earth, Mars. And are called terrestrial planets.

The ___ is a unit of length.

Meter (m)

Which tool is often used with a back saw to make even cuts at specific angles.

Miter box

What are the five kingdoms of living things?

Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

When silicon's crystalline structure is doped with a five-electron element, the silicon crystal becomes a ____________ (also known as a cathode).

N-Type

What are the two types of transistors?

NPN transistor and PNP transistor

The television broadcast standard in the United States is what?

NTSC

____________ are used for gripping very small objects.

Needle nose pliers

Diode

Negative terminal and Positive terminal

Electrons

Negatively charged

The primary gaseous component of the Earths atmosphere is:

Nitrogen

A universal donor is a person with which of the following blood types?

O negative

Defiantly

Obstinate

Current

Occurs when electrons move from once place to another

Capacitive reactance is measured in ____________.

Ohms

Resistance is measured in...

Ohms

The symbol for Ohms is...

Omega

In a closed electrical circuit...

One terminal is always positive and one terminal is always negative

Laminated

Overlaid

Which element is necessary in the formation of rust?

Oxygen

In a tire rating of P195/55 R15, the "P" stands for ___ and the last number designates ___.

P = passenger. last number indicates wheel diameter

What is the formula for electrical power?

P=IV, Power = current x voltage

Zenith

Pinnacle

The planet farthest from the Sun is...

Pluto

Protons

Positively charged

Mitochondria:

Produce energy

What does the integumentary and exocrine system do?

Protects the body from damage, such as overheating, injuries, etc.

The two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus:

Protons and neutrons

Opposite of: mollify

Provoke

What does the nervous system do?

Receives, processes, and responds to all physical stimuli

Devices that change alternating current to direct current are called what?

Rectifiers

Which are primary colors of light using the traditions painters color model?

Red, Yellow, Blue

Rebuke

Reprimand

R

Resistance

What is commonly used in a circuit in which the flow of electricity needs to be regulated for the device to run properly?

Resistance

A rheostat an adjustable...

Resistor

If someone has type A+ blood, the plus sign indicates the _____________. (The Rh factor is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells).

Rh factor

What does a positive or negative sign in a blood type indicate?

Rh factor

Examples of insulators:

Rubber, plastic, glass, air, wood

_____________ rock is formed when mineral deposits, such as those carried by a river, harden over time.

Sedimentary

___ is the best conductor.

Silver

Coil-on-plug ignition systems eliminate the need for...

Spark plug wires

Opposite of: periodical

Sporadic

What type of clouds produce precipitation?

Stratus and Cumulus

What is NOT usually a gas at room temperature?

Sulfur

A lead-acid battery has lead plates immersed in electrolyte composed of ___ and water.

Sulphuric acid

What does the skeletal system do?

Supports the body's muscles and organs; allows bones and joints to move

Travel from ___________ to ___________ and back constitutes one stroke.

TDC, BDC

What is the point at which electrical connections are made?

Terminal

Watt-hour

The amount of energy used in 1-hour at a rate of 1-watt

The ___ shown below is used in ___ to ___.

The block plane shown is used in carpentry to shave off material of different thicknesses.

Community:

The collection of all ecologically connected species in an area.

Torque is...

The degree to which a force causes an object to rotate

Electrons are able to change from negative to positive if...

The material is a conductor

Processing of signals from the heart and regulation of cardiac rhythm occurs in...

The medulla, or brain stem

cellular respiration is the process by which...

The mitochondria process sugar and oxygen to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

A vehicle travels at a constant speed on the highway. It can be said that...

The net force acting on a vehicle is zero

Circuit

The path of the electrical current

Which of the following is a characteristic of batteries connected in series?

The positive terminal of one battery is connected to the negative terminal of the next

Which of the following is a characteristic of a step-down transformer

The primary voltage is higher than the secondary voltage

Photosynthesis is...

The process by which sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water react to make sugar and oxygen.

What is the potential difference in an electrical circuit a measure of?

The voltage at a specific location in the circuit

Biosphere:

The zone of planet Earth where life naturally occurs, including land, water, and air, extending from the deep crust to the lower atmosphere.

Cirrus clouds:

Thin and wispy clouds that occur much higher in the atmosphere, at elevations of 20,000 feet or more.

What are TDC and BDC? TDC = ________________. BDC = ________________.

Top Dead Center, Bottom Dead Center

A device to amplify a signal is called what?

Transistor

During the water cycle, water enters the atmosphere as a gas through...

Transpiration

What are the five major layers of Earth's atmosphere, in order from the Earth's surface upward?

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

Type AB