ASVAB - Everything You Need To Know
Opposite of: covert
Undisguised
In order to apply more torque to a bolt, a mechanic could...
Use a longer wrench
Which of the following is not a characteristic of direct current (DC)?
Used to power your television
Formula for Ohm's Law:
V= I x R
What is the formula for Ohm's Law?
V=IR, Voltage = current x resistance
Locking pliers are also known as ___________.
Vise-grip pliers
V
Voltage
What does a voltmeter/multimeter measure?
Voltage in a circuit
Power=
Voltage x Current
As lead-acid batteries discharge, their electrolyte gradually turns to...
Water
In common terms, H2O is known as:
Water
What liquid is neither acidic nor basic?
Water
What type of star is the Sun?
Yellow dwarf or G2V
What kind of diode allows current to flow in the opposite direction once a certain voltage threshold is reached?
Zener diode
What does a camshaft do?
a camshaft opens and closes the cylinders' intake and exhaust valves
A chemical equation shows ___ and must ___.
a chemical change, balance
An amphibian can be best described as...
a cold-blooded, smooth-skinned vertebrate capable of living both on land and in water
Why is a coolant recovery reservoir necessary?
a coolant recovery reservoir is needed to capture overflow when the radiator pressure cap valve opens, because the flow of coolant between the engine and the radiator varies based on the heat of the engine
What function does a cylinder perform?
a cylinder forms a guide for the piston, allowing the piston to move up and down as the engine completes its cycle
Piston:
a cylindrical object that moves up and down inside an engine's cylinder.
What is an amplifier?
a device that makes sound louder by increasing signal strength
Pathogen:
a disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or virus.
What is a zygote?
a fertilized egg
What does a fuel rail do?
a fuel rail delivers fuel under pressure to the engine's fuel injectors
What are two likely causes of pre-ignition?
a glowing spark plug, a hot piece of carbon
What does an electrical ground do?
a ground provides a low-resistance path to guide excess electrical energy away from panels and loads, to protect them in the case of lightning or circuit failure
What is the Kuiper Belt?
a loose group of asteroids and other material that lies beyond Neptune
What is the definition of mass?
a measure of the total quantity of matter in an object
Mechanical advantage is the advantage gained by the use of ___ in transmitting force.
a mechanism
Genotype:
a person's genotype is the entire genetic makeup of that person, including recessive genes
What is the difference between physical change and chemical change?
a physical change may alter the form, size, or shape of matter, a chemical change alters its molecules
A radiator cap has two valves:
a pressure valve and a vacuum valve
What is the advantage of a pulley?
a pulley enables someone to lift an object while exerting downward, rather than upward, force
What is a vector quantity?
a quantity defined by both a magnitude and a direction
Gamete:
a reproductive cell
What is a common distinction between a screw and a bolt?
a screw typically has a round head with an indentation matching the appropriate screwdriver; a bolt typically has a hexagonal or square head
What is a short circuit?
a short circuit occurs when a load is bypassed by a conductor, allowing more current to flow through the circuit
Load: (as it relates to electrical systems)
a source of resistance that turns electrical energy into some other type of energy
What type of saw is embedded within a table and has a rotating blade?
a table saw
Fuse:
a thin wire that melts when current exceeds a certain amount
What does an automatic transmission use instead of a clutch?
a torque converter
What is the difference between a tubular spirit level and a bullseye spirit level?
a tubular spirit level is useful for measuring levelness in one dimension, whereas a bullseye spirit level can measure the levelness of a plane in all directions
The "electrical pressure" that causes electrons to flow in one direction through a conducting path is a result of...
a voltage
25 degrees BTDC (before top dead center) is an example of ____________ ignition timing.
advanced
What are two major types of engine oil systems?
air cooling and water cooling
The two methods of controlled drying of wood for lumber are...
air seasoning and kiln drying
What three things must be present before combustion can occur in an internal combustion engine?
air, fuel, and a heat source
The three elements needed to initiate combustion are...
air, fuel, and an ignition source
Variants of genes are known as ____________.
alleles
An automobile's differential...
allows the wheels to turn at different speeds when making a turn
Current that changes polarity many times per second is called...
alternating current
The ____________ is the main component of the charging system and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
alternator
The end product of protein digestion consists of...
amino acids
Current can be measured using a device called a(n)....
ammeter
An ampere is defined as...
an electric flow of one coulomb per second
An oscillator is...
an electronic circuit that produces a regularly varying electrical signal from a direct current
What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?
an exoskeleton is a hard exterior structure (bugs) and an endoskeleton is a frame located inside the body (humans)
What does an intake manifold do?
an intake manifold is the structure that delivers air to the intake ports of the engine's cylinders
Newton's First Law of Motion states:
an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force
Where in the body are the tarsal bones located?
ankles
Positive terminal
anode
The scientific study of human culture is called...
anthropology
___________ work by adjusting the brake pressure in each wheel depending on the wheel's speed.
anti-lock brakes (ABS)
The ____________ is the largest ____________ in the body.
aorta, artery
Spiders are...
arachnids
Blood pressure is generally highest in...
arteries
In general, ___________ carry oxygenated blood, while ___________ carry deoxygenated blood.
arteries, veins
What is the smallest particle of matter that retains the chemical properties characteristic of a particular element?
atom
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its...
atomic number
Matter is composed of...
atoms
In the heart, ____________ are chambers that collect blood, and ____________ are chambers that pump blood.
atria, ventricles
A producer is also known as a(n)...
autotroph
Producers, which make their own food through photosynthesis, are also known as _______________.
autotrophs
A ____________ saw is used for making fine, straight cuts.
back
Is strep throat caused by a bacterium or a virus?
bacterium
What are ball joints?
ball joints are ball-and-socket arrangements that allow the steering knuckle to turn and move up and down
Transistors are turned on and off by voltages applied to their...
base
What are the two main components of engine oil?
base oil, additive package
A vibrating tuning fork, placed in a vacuum under a bell jar, will...
be inaudible
Kinetic energy is defined as the energy possessed by an object...
because it is in motion
Potential energy is defined as the energy possessed by an object...
because of its position or condition
Refraction is the...
bending of a light ray or wave as it passes from one medium into another
When two or more pulleys are arranged to work together, the resulting apparatus is called a __________.
block and tackle
A ___________ has external threads, while a ___________ has internal threads.
bolt, nut
Which two bodily functions are enhanced by calcium?
bone growth and muscle function
Where in the body are blood cells created?
bone marrow
What is the difference between bone and cartilage?
bones are more rigid and provide the body's framework. Cartilage is more flexible and is found at the ends of bones, in joints, and in the nose and ears
Science can be divided into life, physical, and Earth sciences. Life science includes...
botany, biology, zoology
A recessive trait is displayed in an organism only if _____________ alleles for that trait are recessive.
both
What is the difference between a ball-peen hammer and a claw hammer?
both a ball-peen hammer and a claw hammer have striking surfaces. A ball-peen hammer has a rounded steel end opposite the striking surface, while a claw hammer has a bifurcated (that is, split) lever for removing nails
What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?
both tendons and ligaments are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscles to bones, while ligaments connect bones to other bones
The central nervous system is composed of the _____________ and the ____________.
brain, spinal cord
With disc brakes, the ___ rotates with the vehicle's wheels.
brake rotor
Decomposers (bacteria and fungi):
break down organic matter and release minerals back into the soil.
The major disadvantage of glass is its...
brittleness
Which has a larger diameter: bronchi or bronchioles?
bronchi
How is a gear ratio determined?
by comparing the number of teeth on the larger gear to the number of teeth on the smaller gear
How would you increase the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle arrangement?
by increasing the ratio of the diameter of the large wheel to that of the small wheel
How would you increase the mechanical advantage or a first-class lever?
by increasing the ratio of the distance between the force and the fulcrum to the distance between the fulcrum and the object to be lifted
How would you increase the mechanical advantage of a second-class lever?
by moving the object to be lifted closer to the fulcrum, perhaps by making the lever longer
How can the magnetic field formed by a current - carrying wire be strengthened?
by winding the wire into a coil around a ferrous (iron) core
When genetic signals in a cell fail to tell it to stop reproducing, the result may be _____________.
cancer
Tertiary consumers:
capable of eating secondary consumers.
The symbol below represents a...
capacitor
A _____________ is constructed of two metal plates and used to store electricity.
capacitor (or condenser)
When oil rises in a lamp wick, melted wax rises in the wick of a candle, or water rises in a narrow tube, this phenomenon is called...
capillary action
A gaseous product of the fermentation of sugar is...
carbon dioxide
A substance that speeds up chemical reactions is a(n)...
catalyst
The symbol below represents a ___, which supplies electrical energy.
cell
What tool is used to make a small indentation as a starting mark for a drilling operation?
center punch
The ___________ is the portion of the brain that controls balance and muscle coordination.
cerebellum
What is the name of the portion of the brain generally considered to be the center of intelligence.
cerebrum
Which of the following would probably be made with a lathe? a. table top b. chair leg c. sign. d. door
chair leg
In mechanical devices, gears are commonly used to...
change the direction or speed of movement
Electrical current is measured by the amount of ___ flowing past per unit of time.
charge
Internal combustion engines take ___________ energy, convert it into ___________ energy and then into ___________ energy.
chemical, heat, mechanical
Physical science includes...
chemistry and physics
A _____________ can be struck with a hammer in order to make long cuts.
chisel
Most cells without a cell wall also lack...
chloroplasts
The DNA of a cell is found mainly in its...
chromosomes
A __________ serves the same function as a fuse but can be used multiple times.
circuit breaker
A convection oven works by _____________.
circulating hot air
A worker would use a _____________ to join two pieces of wood while glue used to bind them dries.
clamp
A right-hand drill bit is made to cut while rotating in a ____________ direction.
clockwise
Current will flow only if it can follow a _____________ circuit.
closed
When the thermostat is ____________, coolant does not pass through the radiator.
closed
The three major parts of a transistor are the ____________.
collector, emitter, base
What is another name for the large intestine?
colon
______________ of the periodic table refer to the number of electrons in the outer shell of atoms.
columns
The ___ shown below is used to ___.
combination square, lay out 45 degree and 90 degree angles
A _____________ is a ball of ice, frozen gases and dust that orbit the sun.
comet
Atoms
composed of smaller particles called protons, electrons, neutrons
Liquids are effective at transmitting force because they are difficult to ____________.
compress
When a gas changes to a liquid, this process is known as ___________.
condensation
Water vapor that has entered the atmosphere _____________ to form clouds.
condenses
When atoms and molecules pass thermal energy by direct contact, it is known as...
conduction
When heat is transferred through direct contact between two objects, this is known as ______________.
conduction
Name three ways heat can be transferred from one object or medium to another:
conduction, convection, radiation
The three methods of heat transfer are...
conduction, convection, radiation
A(n) ___ is an element that allows electrons to flow freely.
conductor
A(n) ___ is an element that freely conducts electricity.
conductor
As resistance in a ___ increases, current flow decreases.
conductor
If an element's atoms have valence shells that are less than half full of electrons, that element is a ___________.
conductor
What does a connecting rod do?
connecting rods connect each piston to the engine's crankshaft
___________ can transmit power through very steep angles in order to transfer mechanical energy to the car's wheels.
constant velocity (CV) joints
____________ are animals that eat other organisms.
consumers
Carnivores eat ___________ (animals), while omnivores eat both ___________ and ___________ (plants and animals).
consumers, producers, consumers
The name for the imaginary flow of positive charge, opposite to the actual flow of electrons is __________.
conventional current
An automobile's catalytic converter...
converts exhaust gases to less polluting emissions
What does a crankshaft do?
converts the linear motion of the piston into rotary motion
A magnifying glass is what kind of lens used on objects how far away?
convex lens used closer than one focal length away
A ___________ lens curves outwards; a ___________ lens curves inwards.
convex, concave
What flows through radiator hoses?
coolant flowing from the radiator to the engine and returning from the engine to the radiator
A _____________ saw is used to make fine, curving cuts.
coping
What metal is most often used as a conductor in household electrical systems?
copper
Why is copper used as a conductor more frequently than silver or aluminum?
copper is cheaper than silver and has a lower resistance than aluminum
A castellated nut uses a ____________ to hold it in place.
cotter pin
An amperes is defined as one ___ flowing past a point in one second.
coulomb
The basic unit of electrical charge is the _____________.
coulomb (c)
When two atoms bond by sharing a pair of electrons, a ___________ bond is formed.
covalent
An auto technician performing a cylinder leakage test on an engine sees air bubbles in the radiator with the radiator cap off. What is the most likely cause?
cracked cylinder head
In an automobile engine, reciprocating (up and down) motion is changed into rotary (circular) motion by which one of the following parts?
crankshaft
An adjustable wrench is also called a _____________.
crescent wrench
The standard skew-back saw can have a 10-point blade for ___ or a ___ blade for ___.
cross-cutting, 5-point, ripping
_____________ saws are used to cut across the grain of a piece of wood, while rip saws are used to cut with the grain.
crosscut
_____________ have teeth that are vertically straight; while _____________ have teeth that are angled in alternating directions.
crosscut saws, rip saws
From the surface going inward, the Earth is composed of the...
crust, mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core
Name the three major types of clouds:
cumulus, stratus, cirrus
I
current
A chisel is used for...
cutting
The rotation of the Earth around its axis causes...
day and night
Variables are inversely proportional when an increase in the independent variable results in a ____________ in the dependent variable.
decrease
Which tool is frequently used to cut wire and cables?
diagonal cutters.
The _____________ is a system of muscles that allows _____________.
diaphragm, breathing
The ___________ allows the left and right wheels to turn at different speeds while cornering.
differential
A ___ has a flat shoulder along the back of the blade so that it can be more easily pushed into the soil by foot.
digging spade
The symbol below represents a...
diode
When a P-type semiconductor is joined to an N-type semiconductor, the result is a ____________.
diode
The two types of electrical current are..
direct and alternating
What do DC and AC stand for?
direct current and alternating current
What is the difference between direct current and alternating current?
direct current flows in one direction only, alternating current changes its direction many times a second
A pulley changes the _____________ but not the magnitude of a force.
direction
Torque is __________ proportional to the distance from the center of rotation to the point where the force acts.
directly
Voltage and current are...
directly proportional
The function of the clutch in an automobile is to...
disconnect the engine from the wheels while the gears are being shifted
Speed is ___, and it is expressed as ___.
distance covered per unit of time, and it is expressed as S=d/t
To determine a gear ratio, ...
divide the number of teeth in the larger gear by the number of teeth in the smaller gear
Classifications in order from broadest to narrowest:
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
The process of adding impurities to silicon or germanium in order to improve its usefulness as a semiconductor is called___________.
doping
Recruit Highspeed is assigned to cross a fast-moving stream by swimming it while facing at a right angle to the banks. If he maintains his perpendicular orientation correctly during his swim, where will he arrive on the far bank?
downstream of his departure point
____________ is the common term for the force that opposes movement through air or liquid.
drag
A _____________ can be struck with a hammer in order to drive home a fastener without damaging the work surface.
drift
Under a constant voltage, increasing resistance results in current flow...
dropping
A lunar eclipse occurs when the ___________ passes between the ___________ and the Sun.
earth, moon
Work is calculated using the formula...
effort/load = load distance/effort distance
What unit is used to express torque?
either the newton-meter or the foot-pound
Aside from oxyacetylene welding, the other major type of welding is ____________.
electric arc welding
The resulting flow of electrons through a conductor is a(n)...
electric current
Direct current
electric current flowing in one direction only
Alternating current
electric current that reverses its direction many times a second at regular intervals
Voltage is also known as...
electrical potential
Voltage is also known as...
electrical potential difference. And is sometimes referred to as electromotive force
When a current is passed through a wire coiled around a ferrous material, the result is an ___________.
electromagnet
Instead of carburetors, most cars now have _____________.
electronic fuel injection
If one battery's terminal supplies greater voltage than that of another battery, the first battery terminal has more _______________.
electrons (or negative charge)
electron flow theory states that...
electrons flow from areas of excess negative charge to areas of less negative charge
Electricity is defined as the flow of ___ along a ___.
electrons, conductor
The ___________ is a framework in which the cylinders are arranged.
engine block
The cells that can easily by scraped from the lining of the mouth make up...
epithelial tissue
The _______________ is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
esophagus
The process of liquid water spontaneously changing to a gaseous state at room temperature is known as:
evaporation
The best reason to use a filter in a power supply is to...
even out voltage variations
Spent fuel gases exit the cylinder and passes into the _____________ .
exhaust manifold
A hockey puck sliding on the ice...
experiences kinetic friction
Ova are carried from the ovaries to the uterus through the ____________.
fallopian tubes
Nails, bolts, and screws are all types of...
fasteners
Sound waves travel ____________ through metal than through water, and ____________ through water than through air.
faster, faster
Nitrates can be very useful in...
fertilizers and preserving meats
What do white blood cells do?
fight infection
Which are used for the finer finishing - rasps or files?
files
____________ are smoothing tools that come in flat, half-round, and triangular shapes, among others.
files
On a front-wheel-drive vehicle, the transmission is usually combined with the ___ to form a ___.
final drive, transaxle
A ___________ is used to clean a surface that will be soldered.
flux
Why must welders wear helmets and protective clothing?
for protection from ultraviolet light
Torque is directly proportional to _____________ and _____________.
force, distance
Where in the body is the radius bone located?
forearm
Where in the body is the ulna located?
forearm
A file is made to cut on the ____________ stroke.
forward
If current is able to pass through a diode, the diode must be...
forward biased
A DOHC V-8 engine would have a total of ___ camshafts.
four
The Earth has ___ major oceans that together hold about ___ of the planet's water.
four, 96 percent
Most internal combustion engines employ a ___________ cycle.
four-stroke
No machine is 100% efficient because all machines are affected by _____________.
friction
Simple machines help us transfer a force...
from one point of application to another for some practical advantage.
What happens in an engine's cylinder?
fuel and air are ignited, pushing the piston downward, and then exhaust gases are expelled when the piston moves upward
A lever pivots along a _____________ .
fulcrum
The symbol below represents a...
fuse
A gamete is a cell that...
fuses with another gamete during fertilization
The most basic unit of inheritance is known as a...
gene
Living things are generally referred to using their...
genus and species
Earth science includes...
geophysics, geology, geodesy, meteorology, and oceanography
In the metric system, the basic unit of mass or weight is the ____________.
gram
Tides are caused primarily by...
gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon on Earth's oceans and seas
Each column of the periodic table is called a ____________.
group
What type of saw is used for cutting metal?
hacksaw
The ___ shown below is primarily used for ___.
hacksaw, cutting metal
A _____________ is made to cut on the _____________ stroke.
hacksaw, forward
Between the drive axle and the CV joints, a short drive shaft called the ____________.
half shaft
Gametes are called ____________ (think HAploid = HAlf) because they have half as many chromosomes as normal cells.
haploid
innocuous
harmless
A conductor is any material that...
has many free electrons
A transaxle is most frequently found in vehicles that...
have the engine placed at the same end of the car as the drive wheels
blood circulation from the lungs goes directly to the...
heart
Whenever a current passes through a resistance, what is generated?
heat
Induction is measured in _________.
henries
Primary consumers are also known as ___________.
herbivores
If a person has two alleles that are different for a particular gene, that person is ___________ for that particular gene.
heterozygous
What is the common name for hypertension?
high blood pressure
What are some factors that can contribute to heart disease?
high cholesterol, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking, excess weight
Diesel engines employ a ___________ (or high pressure) to ignite the air-fuel mixture.
high compression ratio
Which of the following is a characteristic of a conductor?
high conductivity, low resistance to electrical current
High-pitched sounds have a ______________ frequency than low-pitched sounds.
higher
Poor conductors have _____________ resistance than good conductors.
higher
What are the two advantages of a four-valve cylinder head over a two-valve cylinder head?
higher engine operating speeds, more complete combustion of the air-fuel mixture
When the secondary side of a transformer has more turns than the primary side, the output voltage will be ___ the input voltage.
higher than
The gaseous state of a substance occurs at a _____________ temperature than the liquid state, which occurs at a _____________ temperature than the solid state.
higher, higher
A ___________ saw can be used to bore circular cuts in wood.
hole
The balanced internal environment of a human cell and the human organism as a whole is called...
homeostasis
If a person has two alleles that are alike for a particular gene, that person is _______________ for that particular gene.
homozygous
The tachometer measures...
how fast the engine is turning in revolutions per minute
What does torque measure?
how much a force is able to cause an object to rotate
Efficiency of a machine is determined by...
how much of the source energy is converted into usable energy
Brakes work through ___________(or fluid) pressure.
hydraulic
Fluid pressure is also known as ___________ pressure.
hydraulic
The water cycle is also known as the ...
hydrologic cycle
Scientific problem solving follows a pattern of actions called the scientific method, which involves the steps (in order) of observation, ...
hypothesis, experiment, theory, and principle
Antibodies...
identify and neutralize foreign objects inside the body
Why are parallel circuits usually superior to series circuits?
if one path has a break or gap, the circuit will remain closed and current can flow
_______________ rock is formed when magma cools.
igneous
The three major types of rocks are...
igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
In a first-class lever, where is the fulcrum, and where is the force applied?
in a first class lever, the fulcrum is positioned in the middle of the lever. Force is applied to one end of the lever to lift an object on the other end
What is the difference between disc brakes and drum brakes?
in disc brakes, brake pads on both sides of a rotating disc are pinched together to slow the disc's rotation. In drum brakes, brake shoes inside a rotating drum expand to make contact with the interior of the drum, slowing its motion
What gases are exchanged in human respiration?
in respiration, humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide
When light reflects off a surface the angle of _____________ is equal to the angle of _____________.
incidence, reflection
A ramp is a type of _____________.
inclined plane
If the resistance provided by a load were to decrease, the current flowing through that circuit would __________.
increase
Frictional forces usually do NOT...
increase potential energy
Increasing the voltage in a circuit and keeping resistance the same will result in...
increased current flow
Capacitive reactance decreases as electrical frequency...
increases
Increasing the length of a wedge relative to its height __________ the mechanical advantage provided by the wedge.
increases
When water is heated and confined to a closed container so that the stream can't escape, the pressure inside the container ___ and the temperature of the boiling water ___.
increases, increases
Greek letter phi Φ is used to...
indicate angles or phases
An ___________ resists changes in current flow by applying a voltage that runs against increased current.
inductor
In the water cycle, water soaks into the Earth in a process known as _____________.
infiltration
Resistance
inherent property of materials that hinders the passage of current through a conductor
What are the three most common cylinder arrangements in internal combustion engines?
inline, horizontally opposed, V-type
Viruses can replicate only ______________.
inside a host's cells
A(n) ___ has a valence shell that is more than half full, or is completely full.
insulator
If an element's atoms have valence shells that are more than half full of electrons, that element is an ___________.
insulator
The glucose content of the blood is regulated by...
insulin and adrenaline
The functional names of the four strokes in a common internal combustion engine, in order, are...
intake, compression, combustion, exhaust
What are the four strokes of a four-stroke cycle from first to last?
intake, compression, power, exhaust
Current and resistance are _____________ proportional.
inversely
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that two objects attract each other with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and...
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
Current and resistance are...
inversely proportional. so when resistance decreases, current increases
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
involved in the synthesis of proteins and fats
Which substance can be used to treat drinking water of questionable purity?
iodine
When one atom bonds to another atom by "borrowing" an electron from it, an __________ bond is formed.
ionic
Table salt is considered a(n)...
ionic compound
What are some minerals that are required for proper nutrition?
iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc
A load ___.
is a device that converts electrical energy into heat, light, or motion
The transmission assembly in an average front-wheel-drive automobile...
is located in the front engine compartment
Electric potential
is the amount of work energy needed to move a unit of electric charge
Two atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons are called ___________.
isotopes
A type of matter is classified as an element when _____________.
it cannot be separated into different types of matter by ordinary chemical methods
How does vaccination (immunization) prevent disease?
it causes the immune system to react to a deactivated, weakened, or partial pathogen so that the immune system will react to future exposure to a similar pathogen
Why are transformers especially useful in the transmission of electricity from power plants to residences?
it is more efficient to transmit high voltage electricity, but most household appliances use low voltage electricity
Combination slip joint pliers are adjustable at the ____________.
joint of the two handles
What are the metric (SI) base units measuring mass, length, liquid volume, and temperature?
kilogram(kg), meter(m), liter(L), and degrees Kelvin (⁰K)
When two surfaces rub together, ____________ friction results.
kinetic
_____________ energy is the energy possessed by a moving object.
kinetic
What are the two types of mechanical energy?
kinetic and potential energy
Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?
lack of Vitamin C
In a wheel and axle arrangement, force is usually applied to the _____________ wheel in order to move the _____________ wheel.
large, smaller
Several loads in series have different resistances. Given that the same current flows through each of them, what relationship does Ohm's law predict between resistance and voltage drop?
larger voltage drops occur across loads with greater resistances
A drill's chuck is identified by the ___________ diameter drill bit it will hold.
largest
What is the most common type of battery used in cars and trucks?
lead-acid
Capacitors connected in series obtain a resulting value...
less than that of the smallest capacitance
The ___ shown below is used to ___.
level, ensure that things are properly oriented for proper functioning
The four forces that act on an aircraft in flight are...
lift (up), gravity (down), thrust (forward), and drag (resisting forward motion)
Energy, usually defined as the ability to do work, may appear in a variety of forms, such as mechanical energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, ___, ___, and ___.
light, heat and sound
The symbol below represents a...
light-emitting diode
A basic rule of electricity:
like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other
In the metric system, the basic unit of volume is the ___________.
liter
Which organ produces bile?
liver
Slippery surfaces have ____________ coefficients of both kinetic and static friction.
low
Red light has a _____________ frequency than violet light.
lower
Where in the body is the fibula located?
lower leg
Where in the body is the tibia located?
lower leg
Acidic substances have a pH _____________ ; basic substances have a pH_____________.
lower than 7, higher than 7
Electrical current flowing through a conductor produces a _____________ field.
magnetic
Biome:
major life zone of interrelated species bound together by a similar climate and similar plant and animal life
In order to hit a baseball so that the ball has greater velocity, the player must...
make contact with the ball for a longer period of time
Producers (mainly plant life):
make their own food via photosynthesis.
The thick layer that lies between the Earth's crust and the Earth's core is called the ___________.
mantle
What are some ways that carbon is released into the atmosphere?
manufacturing emissions, vehicle emissions, respiration, and decomposing organic matter
What is the difference between mass and weight?
mass is the amount of matter an object has, while weight is the amount of force exerted on the object's mass by gravity
The ___________ generates the fluid pressure to operate the brake assemblies at the wheels.
master cylinder
Kwashiorkor would probably be cause by a diet deficient in...
meat, eggs, and dairy products
Before soldering an electrical connection, it is wise to make a ____________ connection.
mechanical
The _____________ is the portion of the brain that controls involuntary actions such as breathing.
medulla
What is the name of the process by which gametes are produced from diploid cells?
meiosis
Above the stratosphere is the ____________.
mesosphere
Earth's core is nearly twice as dense as its mantle because the core is ____________.
metallic
On the basis of their atomic structure, atoms are considered ___ if they tend to lend electrons, ___ if they borrow electrons, and ___ if they do neither.
metals, nonmetals, inert
_______________ rock is formed when existing rock material is altered by changes in temperatures, pressure, or other processes.
metamorphic
Small objects that enter the Earth's surface and burn up, creating a visible bright streak in the night sky, are called ___________. If one makes it to Earth's surface, it is called a ___________.
meteors, meteorite
In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the ___________.
meter
In science, acceleration is often measured in ____________, or m/s^2.
meters per second per second
A _____________ is the best tool for measuring small objects to the thousandth of an inch.
micrometer
Aircrafts are designed to be sleek to ____________ the effect of drag; parachutes are designed with large areas to ____________ the effects of drag.
minimize, maximize
A convex ____________ diverges light waves; a convex ____________ converges light waves.
mirror, lens
A ____________ is a powered saw that sits on a table and can be used to make angled cuts.
miter saw
In cellular respiration, cell organelles called ____________ process sugar and oxygen in order to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide.
mitochondria
The process by which a cell divides, producing two cells both of which are identical to the parent cell, is called ____________.
mitosis
The ___ shown below is used for ___.
mitre box, finishing cuts on moldings and trim materials
Alloys are...
mixtures of two or more metals
when a liquid becomes a gas...
molecules move farther apart
A solar eclipse occurs when the ___________ passes between ___________ and the Sun.
moon, earth
Compared to a smaller mass, a larger mass requires ___ force to achieve the same acceleration rate.
more
Static friction only arises in response to an attempt to _____________ .
move an object along a surface
What is electricity?
movement and flow of electrons
In most cars exhaust gases pass through the catalytic converter and through the _____________ before leaving the car.
muffler
The most common types of fuel injection systems are called _____________.
multiport fuel injection and direct injection
Electrons have a ___ charge.
negative
Current flows from...
negative to positive
What is the name for nerve cells?
neurons
A ___________ is a subatomic particle that bears no charge.
neutron
The major portion of an atom's mass consists of...
neutrons and protons
Can sound travel through a vacuum?
no
Elements whose outer shells are completely filled with electrons are ___________.
noble gases
In which organelle does DNA replication take place?
nucleus
Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells that do not have a ______________.
nucleus
The genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is contained in its __________.
nucleus
The UNC (Unified National Course) and UNF (Unified National Fine) classifications define fasteners based on which measure?
number of threads per inch
Which of the following is a type of second-class lever? a. nutcracker b. vise c. screw d. pulley
nutcracker
____________ thread onto bolts to clamp assemblies together.
nuts
Resistance can be measured using a device called an __________.
ohmmeter
Resistance can be measured using a...
ohmmeter
The instrument used to measure electrical resistance is called...
ohmmeter
Resistance is measured in ____________. Ω (omega symbol)
ohms
What happens in an engine's oil pan?
oil drips from various engine parts into the pan, cools, and is picked back up by the oil tube and sent back to the oil pump
What are oil galleries?
oil galleries are passages throughout the engine that deliver oil to various engine components
In a double overhead cam arrangement, what does each cam do?
one cam operates the exhaust valves, the other operates the intake valves
An ampere is defined as...
one coulomb, the basic unit of electrical charge, flowing past a given point in one second
One hertz is equivalent to...
one cycle per second of any continuous process
A centimeter is ___.
one hundredth of a meter
A watt is defined as ____________, or one ampere times one volt.
one joule per second
A watt is the power that gives rise to the production of energy at the rate of...
one joule per second
What is a unique feature of Vitamin D?
one of its best sources comes not from diet but from the Sun. The skin generates vitamin D in response to ultraviolet rays
The camshaft turns at ___ the speed of the engine's crankshaft.
one-half
The camshaft turns at ______________ the speed of the engine's crankshaft.
one-half
The ___ wrench holds the nut on two sides only; the ___ wrench grips the nut on all six sides, and ___ wrenches can be used to fit a variety of nut and bolt sizes.
open end, box, adjustable
Electrical resistance is best defined as...
opposition to the flow of current
____________ calipers measure the exterior dimensions of an object; ____________ calipers measure interior dimensions.
outside, inside
OHV:
overhead valve
____________ welding uses a torch fueled by a mixture of ____________ and ____________.
oxyacetylene, oxygen, acetylene
When a plant performs photosynthesis, it produces ___ as a by-product
oxygen
The respiratory system enables blood cells to absorb ____________ and eliminate ____________ and water vapor.
oxygen, carbon dioxide
What role does pepsin play in the body?
pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach
A signal's frequency is inversely proportional to its...
period
Each row of the periodic table is called a ____________.
period
An automobile's universal joint is necessary in order to...
permit the drive shaft to flex in response to road conditions
A person's appearance resulting from his or her genetic makeup is called the person's...
phenotype
A person's physical characteristics, taken all together, are known as that person's ______________.
phenotype
What are some ways that carbon is removed from the atmosphere?
photosynthesis and absorption by rain and by bodies of water
Motherboard
physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components
A welder will require more electric current if either the ____________ or the ____________ is larger.
pieces being welded, electrode in use
What tool is used to drive pins out of holes and follow the pins through the holes?
pin punch
What do piston rings do?
piston rings seal the cylinder so that exhaust gases do not leak out and oil does not leak in
A ______________ can be used to smooth out a large wooden surface.
plane (or jack plane)
The main difference(s) between plant and animal cells...
plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, and animal cells sometimes have flagella or cilia
Name four major components of blood:
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
The theory of ____________ explains how chunks of the Earth's crust and upper mantle slowly move.
plate tectonics
The particle with a ___ charge in the nucleus of an atom is a(n) ___.
positive, proton
An acid gives up ____________ charged hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
positively
Bananas are a source of which important mineral?
potassium
____________ energy derives from an object's position, shape, or state, rather than from its motion.
potential
A spring is a flexible device that can resume its original shape and strength after bending or stretching. A spring stores...
potential energy
Potential energy derives from what and has the potential to do what?
potential energy derives from an object's position or shape, and it has the potential to be converted into kinetic energy
As an object falls, its _____________ energy is converted to _____________ energy.
potential, kinetic
What is a PCM?
powertrain control module
When a warm front meets a cold front, a likely result is ___________.
precipitation
The low-voltage winding in a car's ignition system is called the ____________.
primary coil winding
What does a catalytic converter do?
processes the toxic gases in engine exhaust, turning them into carbon dioxide, water, and other less harmful substances
Ribosomes:
produce proteins
Voltage and current are directly _______________.
proportional
___ are necessary for the body's maintenance, growth and repair.
proteins
What role do proteins play in nutrition?
proteins enable the body's growth and repair of tissues
Which particle of an atom carries a positive charge? A negative charge? No charge?
proton, electron, neutron
What two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?
protons and neutrons
A neutral atom has the same number of ____________ and ____________.
protons, electrons
In an atom, ____________ have a positive charge, while ____________ have a negative charge.
protons, electrons
The two main functions of an automobile's ignition system are to...
provide a high-voltage spark for combustion and to time the engine
Rebar is commonly used to...
provide reinforcement inside cast concrete structures
The safest way to make a hole in sheet metal is to...
punch it through
A _____________ can be struck with a hammer in order to make holes or to drive home fasteners.
punch, hammer
When heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, this is known as ___________.
radiation
The basic unit of heat is the calorie, which is the amount of heat needed to...
raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
In chemical reactions, the molecules and atoms entering the reaction are called ____________, and those resulting from the reaction are called ____________.
reactants, products
Changing AC to DC is called what?
rectification
The conversion of AC to DC is called ____________.
rectification
The AC electricity produced by the alternator is converted to DC by the ____________ (or rectifier bridge).
rectifier
A junction diode is used for...
rectifying power-line frequencies and higher currents
When light bends due to passing through a medium, this bending is referred to as _____________.
refraction
The ratio by which light is slowed when passing through a medium is referred to as the medium's ______________.
refractive index
Opposition to the flow of current is known as...
resistance
The property of a circuit that opposes the flow of electrons is...
resistance
A ______________ is used to raise or lower current in a circuit.
resistor
This symbol represents a...
resistor (or the squigly)
resistance =
resists current
The process by which the body's cells use oxygen and glucose to produce energy, while releasing carbon dioxide and water vapor as waste products, is known as...
respiration
All living systems must be able to perform certain biochemical and biopsychical activities known as life functions, which include: ...
respiration, circulation, and reproduction
Each ___, of the Earth around the Sun takes about ___ to complete.
revolution, 365.25 days
What role do ribosomes play in a eukaryotic cell?
ribosomes produce proteins
In order, describe how blood flows from the heart to the body:
right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body
Plant cells have a ____________, while animal cells do not.
rigid cell wall
What fastener is used to create a semipermanent assembly?
rivet
In an automobile engine, the valves in the top of each cylinder are controlled by ___, which are moved by a ___.
rocker arms and rods, camshaft
Most drill bits are made to cut when...
rotating to the right when viewed from the top
______________ of the periodic table refer to the number of electron shells in atoms.
rows
Why would someone use a rubber or wooden mallet?
rubber or wooden mallets are most frequently used to protect the work surface from dents or scratches. Rubber mallets are often used on delicate metal surfaces, while wooden mallets are usually used in carpentry
All of the following are types of screwdrivers EXCEPT: a. hex b. spanner head c. robertson d. rutherford
rutherford
Decomposers, which break down organic matter and release minerals into the soil, are also known as ____________.
saprotrophs
A vulture would be considered a...
scavenger
In terms of the food web, vultures and wolverines are examples of ____________.
scavengers
All of the following are simple machines except... a. a pulley b. a crowbar c. scissors d. a ramp
scissors
The six categories of simple machines are the lever, inclined plane, ___, ___, ___, and ___.
screw, ledge, pulley, and wheel and axle
Carnivores are also known as ___________ consumers.
secondary
The high voltage winding in a car's ignition system is called the ____________.
secondary coil winding
A(n) ___ is neither a good conductor nor good insulator, but useful for making electronic components.
semiconductor
If an element's atoms have valence shells that are exactly half full of electrons, that element is a _____________.
semiconductor
Silicon is a...
semiconductor
___________ send data to a car's computer; ___________ receive commands from a car's computer.
sensors, actuators
A circuit with only one path is a ____________ circuit.
series
In most home electrical systems, loads are wired in parallel with a fuse wired in ___________.
series
A pipe wrench, which has ___, would likely most often be used by a(n) ___.
serrated teeth and a pivoting jaw, plumber
Electrons orbit an atom in a set of layers or levels called ___________.
shells
___________ protect other car parts from the energy produced by the up-and-down movement of the wheels.
shock absorbers
The reaction between sodium, metal, and water can be classified as...
single replacement
A wheel and axle arrangement links two wheels of different ____________.
sizes
What is the common name for the cranium?
skull
If a small gear drives a larger gear, the larger gear will turn with a _____________ speed than the smaller gear, but _____________ will be increased.
slower, torque (or rational force)
In a hydraulic system, a _____________ is applied over a greater distance to produce a greater force over a _____________.
smaller force, smaller distance
Snap rings are usually installed and removed using ____________.
snap ring pliers
Instead of using a wrench to loosen a fastener in a tight space, a worker could use a ____________ with a ____________.
socket, ratchet handle
Erosion and depletion are problems associated with...
soil conservation
Binding surfaces together with a molten metal alloy is called ____________.
soldering
The state of matter occurring at lower temperatures is the _____________ state.
solid
Matter, defined as anything that occupies space and has mass, exists in one of three states or conditions: ___, ___, or ___.
solid, liquid, or gas
The ______________ nervous system controls voluntary actions, and the ______________ nervous system controls involuntary activity.
somatic, autonomic
A magnetic compass's ____________ pole points to the Earth's ____________ pole.
south, north
What parts have been eliminated in coil-on-plug ignition systems?
spark plug wires
Diesel engines lack a ____________ (a common element in gasoline-burning engines).
spark-ignition system
The function of an enzyme is to...
speed up a chemical reaction
What is produced in the testicles?
sperm
The _____________ is the major connecting center between the brain and the nerve network.
spinal cord
A concave surface curves inward, while a convex surface bulges outward. A concave lens causes light rays to ___, whereas a convex lens causes light rays to...
spread apart (diverge), come together (converge)
A ___ cuts off sheet metal in a straight line.
squaring sheer
____________ friction prevents an object from moving unless overcome by a sufficiently large force.
static
For any given surface, the coefficient of ____________ friction is higher than the coefficient of ____________ friction.
static, kinetic
A _____________ front produces cloudy and wet weather.
stationary
A measuring device with two arms that meet at a 90 degree angle is called a _____________.
steel square, carpenter's square, or framing square
The ideal air-fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine is known as the ___ point, which is ___.
stoichiometric, 14.7:1
Which organ in the body employs gastric acid?
stomach
The ozone layer is part of the _____________ .
stratosphere
A car's battery has plates made from lead immersed in a mixture of ____________ and water.
sulfuric acid
When the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, the season is _____________ in the northern hemisphere and _____________ in the southern hemisphere.
summer, winter
The symbol below represents a...
switch
The beneficial relationship between termites and the protozoa that inhabit their digestive systems is called...
symbiosis
What is the common name for the coccyx?
tailbone
On the Richter scale, an earthquake of magnitude 2 is ____________ than an earthquake of magnitude 1.
ten times greater
An acid with a pH of 5 is ____________ acidic than an acid with a pH of 6.
ten times more
_____________ is the term for responsive force exerted within an object as the object is stretched.
tension
Newton's Third Law of Motion states:
that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newton's Second Law of Motion states:
that the acceleration of an object is directly related to the net force and inversely related to its mass. Acceleration of an object depends on two things, force and mass
Conventional current, which is defined by...
the (imaginary) flow of positive charge and is opposite in direction to actual electron flow
Over the course of 24 hours...
the Earth rotates 360 degrees about its axis
The ocean current that extends from Florida across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe is...
the Gulf Stream
What is the most likely cause of engine "knock?"
the air fuel explodes (detonates) rather than burns, often due to a lean air-fuel mixture
Electrical power:
the amount of energy delivered to an used by an electric current
One ohm is defined as...
the amount of resistance that will allow one ampere of current to flow if one volt of electrical pressure is placed on a conductor
Biosphere:
the biosphere consists of the layers of Earth where life naturally occurs
White blood cells are produced in...
the bones
Why does a combination wrench have both a box end and an open end?
the box end is used to loosen a tight bolt, and the open end is used to quickly remove a bolt that has been loosened
Energy:
the capacity to do work
Although there are some differences between plant and animal cells, all cells have the same basic structure, which includes organelles (cell parts) known as...
the cell membrane, nucleus, and ribosomes
While attempting to push a very heavy box across the floor, ...
the coefficient of static friction is dependent on the nature of the surface the box is resting on
Why are the four planets closest to the Sun called the terrestrial planets?
the composition of these planets is similar to that of Earth
In a series circuit, does the current vary, alternate, or remain the same throughout the circuit?
the current remains the same
Resistance in a circuit is changed from 50 ohms to 25 ohms. If the voltage in the circuit remains the same, what will happen to the current?
the current will double
Why is the diameter of a fastener critical to a task?
the diameter of a fastener determines the size of the hole the fastener is installed in
What function does the distributor perform?
the distributor is responsible for timing the ignition spark and distributing it to the correct cylinder
During a lunar eclipse...
the earth lies between the moon and the sun
How is the efficiency of a machine defined?
the efficiency of a machine is an expression of how much of the force inputted into the machine is turned into movement of force
What are some compounds produced by the pancreas?
the enzymes pancreatic amylase, lipase, and trypsin, and the hormone insulin
Why is an inclined plane a good solution for a lifting task?
the force required will be less than the force required to lift the object directly
Geology is the study of...
the formation and composition of the earth
When discussing a vehicle's wheel alignment, tracking means that...
the front wheels are correctly followed by the rear wheels
Pliers are an example of a first-class lever because...
the fulcrum is positioned between the effort and the load
In a second-class lever, where is the fulcrum, and where is the force applied?
the fulcrum is positioned near one end of the lever underneath it, and the force is applied upward to the other end in order to move and object resting on the lever between the force and the fulcrum
In a third-class lever, where is the fulcrum, and where is the force applied?
the fulcrum is positioned near one end of the lever, and an upward force is applied to the middle of the lever in order to lift an object positioned on the other end of the lever
Newton's second law of motion states that acceleration is produced when a force acts upon its mass, and...
the greater the mass of the object, the greater the amount of force needed
Stoichiometric ratio:
the ideal air-fuel mixture from insertion into the engine cylinder. For gasoline engines, this is 14.7:1 by weight
What is the function of the intake valve in an internal combustion engine?
the intake valve allows the air fuel mixture to be drawn into the combustion chamber
Endometrium:
the lining in the uterus
A magnetic compass points in the direction of...
the local magnetic field
What five functions does an engine's lubrication system perform?
the lubrication system lubricates, cools, seals, cleans, and quiets
Atomic mass:
the mass of a single atom. It can be approximated by adding together the atom's protons and neutrons. One proton or one neutron has a mass roughly equal to one atomic mass unit (amu).
What is chiefly responsible for generating fluid pressure to operate a car's brakes?
the master cylinder
What determines whether an element is a good conductor, semiconductor or insulator?
the number of electrons that reside in a valence shell
What is an element's atomic number?
the number of protons in one of the element atoms
What primarily determines the mechanical advantage of a block and tackle?
the number of pulleys
Where is the oil filter positioned in an engine?
the oil filter filters oil after it leaves the oil and before it circulates through the engine
How is a car's oil pump powered?
the oil pump is usually powered by the crankshaft
The apogee of an orbiting object refers to...
the point in an orbit that is farthest from the body being orbited
In hydraulics, Pascal's law states that:
the pressure in any part of an enclosed fluid is the same and points in all directions
What is the principle of conservation of mechanical energy?
the principle states that the total mechanical energy (PE+KE) of an object remains constant as long as no other force is applied
Sublimation (as used in chemistry):
the process by which a solid turns into a gas (without passing through a liquid phase)
Photosynthesis:
the process by which plants take in light energy, water, and carbon dioxide and use these substances to produce sugar and oxygen
The most likely place for a cable to snap is nearest _____________.
the pulling device
What are the two types of powers that watts measure?
the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or transformed into another type of energy
Power:
the rate at which work is performed, and measured in watts (sometimes horsepower)
Which area of the engine is most reliant on lubrication?
the reciprocating assembly (pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft)
Ovulation:
the release of an egg from an ovary through the fallopian tubes and into the uterus
A chemical change is always accompanied by...
the release or absorption of energy
An atom has...
the same number of protons and electrons
The temperature of the atmosphere falls during the nighttime hours because...
the side of the Earth not facing the Sun loses heat by radiation
Capillaries:
the smallest blood vessels, which deliver oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and carry away deoxygenated blood
Molecule:
the smallest particle of a substance that has the properties of that substance; a molecule is composed of two or more atoms
What is an atom?
the smallest particles that elements can be broken into and still retain the properties of that element
What is the main advantage of a soldering gun over a soldering iron?
the soldering gun has a very rapid warm-up cycle
What is inertia?
the tendency of all matter to resist changes in motion
Momentum is...
the tendency of an object to continue moving in the same direction
A wheel's camber is the angle of the wheel, measured in degrees, when viewed from the front of the vehicle. A "positive" camber means that...
the top of the wheel is leaning away from the center of the vehicle
Net force:
the total of various pushes and pulls acting on an object
Viscosity:
the viscosity of a liquid is its resistance to flow. Liquids with higher viscosity are thicker and flow less easily
If an AC current is delivered at 20 Hz, what is it that happens 20 times per second in that circuit?
the voltage begins at zero, increases to a maximum level, decreases to zero again, switches direction and increases to a maximum level in that direction, and returns to zero again
Trachea:
the windpipe - the passageway from the throat to the lungs
What does the work-energy theorem say?
the work-energy theorem states that any work done to move an object from a resting position to a certain velocity will be converted into the kinetic energy of that object
Where in the body are the carpal bones located?
the wrists
Newton's third law of motion states that for every action...
there is an equal and opposite reaction
The hottest and uppermost layer of Earth's atmosphere is the ____________.
thermosphere
Engine temperature is controlled by the...
thermostat
An automobile starting system includes components such as the starter motor, solenoid, and relay. What do these components have in common?
they all use the principle of electromagnetism
Where in the body is the femur located?
thigh
A hammer with a 16 to 20-ounce head is typically used for what purpose?
this weight of hammer is a rough-framing hammer and is often used for framing wooden houses
___ cylinders will fire in one revolution of a six-cylinder engine.
three
The Moon affects which activity on Earth?
tides
The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft by means on a ____________ or ____________.
timing belt, timing chain
Most solders are an alloy of...
tin and lead
Mitigate
to alleviate
What is the function of the radiator?
to transmit heat from the coolant to the outside air
What is the basic function of the drivetrain system?
to transmit power from the engine to the wheels.
The type of meteorological system with the highest-velocity winds is the...
tornado
____________ is the term for the ability of a force to cause an object to rotate.
torque
Another name for a transistor is...
transfer resistor
A ___________ is used to increase or decrease voltage in a unit.
transformer
The ____________ is a solid-state device that has revolutionized the construction of electronic devices.
transistor
The _____________ matches engine speed to the desired speed of the vehicle.
transmission
The transaxle in a front-wheel drive vehicle combines which two components that are normally distinct in a rear-wheel drive vehicle?
transmission, drive axle
When water evaporates from the leaves of plants, this is known as ______________.
transpiration
What is the lowest level of Earth's atmosphere?
troposphere
What are examples of human diseases caused by bacteria?
tuberculosis, diphtheria, anthrax
The job of the timing belt is to ___ while maintaining a precise alignment.
turn the camshaft(s) at exactly half the speed of the crankshaft
Each person has _____________ (one from each parent) for every trait.
two alleles
Diploid cells have ____________ the number of chromosomes as do haploid cells.
two times
Which blood type is the universal donor?
type O
In concrete work a "darby" is a...
type of wooden float
Newton's first law of motion, often called the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion with the same speed and same direction...
unless acted upon an unbalanced force
superfluous
unnecessary
Where in the body in the humerus bone located?
upper arm
____________ carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The ____________ carries urine from the bladder outside the body.
ureters, urethra
The outer shell of an atom is known as its ____________ shell.
valence
The outer shell of an atom is its...
valence shell
What is the outer shell of an atom called?
valence shell
The "twinkling" of stars in the night sky is caused by...
variations in the Earths atmosphere
The _____________ carries sperm from the testicles to the penis by way of the prostate.
vas deferens
The two factors that govern when an automatic transmission will shift are...
vehicle speed and engine load
A ___ is used in a router to cut fine lines in a material, such as those used for decorative purposes.
veining bit
What type of blood vessel carries blood from the other parts of the body to the heart?
veins
___ carry blood back to the heart from the capillaries.
veins
Speed is different from velocity because...
velocity involves both speed and direction
Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the...
vena cava
What is the name of the two largest veins in the body?
venae cavae
A _____________ is an animal with a spine.
vertebrate
An air wrench combines torque with ____________ to loosen fasteners.
vibration or vibrating action
Which color's light waves have the highest frequency?
violet
Is the flu caused by bacterium or a virus?
virus
Antibiotic drugs are not effective against illnesses caused by ... (several different answers)
viruses, diet, lifestyle choices and genetic disorders
A ____________ holds a piece of work to a surface such as a worktable.
vise
Name some types of electromagnetic radiation:
visible light, radio waves, microwaves, ultra violet waves, infrared waves, x-rays, and gamma rays
What is the common name for the larynx?
voice box
Electrical "pressure" is also known as....
voltage
What is the common term for electrical potential difference or electromotive force?
voltage
What is voltage?
voltage is the electric "pressure" produced by a large negative charge
When a driver turns on the car's lights or radio, this causes a decrease in system voltage. The ____________ responds to this by increasing the output of the alternator.
voltage regulator
Electrical pressure is known as...
voltage, and is measured in volts
To measure voltage, one would use...
voltmeter
You can measure voltage by using a...
voltmeter
When an acid is combined with a base, they produce _______________.
water and salt
What are a car's water jackets?
water jackets are hollow sections of the engine black through which coolant flows
Amount of electrical power is measured in units called...
watts
A ____________ is a type of inclined plane that can be moved in order to gain mechanical advantage in lifting, splitting, or tightening objects.
wedge
On horizontal surfaces, the normal force is usually equal to the _____________.
weight of the object
High-intensity ultraviolet light is generated during...
welding
When would a technician use adjustable joint pliers?
when large diameter objects must be gripped or twisted
Golgi apparatus:
which "packages" proteins for use
Centrosomes:
which can be important in guiding the cells reproduction
Lysosomes:
which help the cell manage waste
___________ nuts can be loosened by hand.
wing
When the Earth is closest to the Sun it is ____________ in the northern hemisphere and ____________ in the southern hemisphere.
winter, summer
MIG (metal inert gas) welding is also known as ____________.
wire-feed welding
If an automobile is using a lot of oil, which of the following is likely to be the cause?
worn or broken piston rings
Can light travel through a vacuum?
yes
Potentiometer - pic
(its sideways in the pic-arrow points downwards on the top)
Ground - pic
(or it can look like a rake)
Circuit breaker - pic
(sideways - broken part points downwards)
Conventional current flow is from...
+ to - (positive to negative)
Absolute zero expressed in degrees celsius is ____________.
-273 C
A four cylinder engine's firing order always starts with cylinder number...
1
One pound of force is applied to move an object a distance of one foot. How much work has been done?
1 foot-pound
The mass of one cubic meter of water is approximately...
1,000 kilograms
Kilowatt is what?
1,000 watt
A one-kilogram mass is dropped from a height of 1 meter. Its kinetic energy just before it hits the ground is about...
10 joules
A capacitor of 100 microfarads has a capacity of...
100,000,000 picofarads
How many megabytes in a gigabyte?
1000 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
The stoichiometric, or ideal, air-fuel ratio is...
14.7:1 this means that 14.7 pounds of air is combined with 1 pound of fuel to create an ideal air-fuel mix.
The speed of light in a vacuum is about...
186,000 miles per second
When did the space shuttle first fly?
1981
A resistor marked "2kΩ" has a value of...
2,000 ohms
A parallel circuit with resistors of 10 ohms, 10 ohms, and 5 ohms has a total resistance of...
2.5 ohms
a 120-volt circuit has a resistance of 6 ohms. How much current is present in the circuit?
20 amperes, (120 divided by 6)
How many bones are in the human body?
206
The most accurate description of the Earth's atmosphere is that it is composed of...
21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 0.3% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of rare gases, water vapor, and some dust particles
A carbon resistor marked with colored bands of (left to right) red, brown, orange, and gold is of what value and tolerance?
21,000 ohms ±5%
On a Fahrenheit thermometer, the boiling point of water at sea level is...
212 degrees F
How long is your small intestine?
22 feet
How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
23
Humans have ___ PAIRS of chromosomes...
23 PAIRS, 46 in total
A 120-volt electrical power supply produces two amperes to the load. The power delivered is...
240 watts
Water freezes at ___________ Kelvin.
273
A 10-penny nail is about ___ long.
3 inches
The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately _____________.
300 million mps (meters per second)
32 cycles per second is equivalent to...
32 hertz (Hz)
Earth is approximately ______________ years old.
4.6 billion
The half-life of iodine-131 (I-131 for short) is 8 days. Approximately how long would it take for 16 milligrams of I-131 to decay to a half milligram?
40 days
How many chromosomes do nonreproductive cells have?
46
Engine coolant is usually composed of a mixture of ___________ and ___________.
50% antifreeze, 50% water
What is one horsepower equal to?
550 foot-pounds per second, or 746 watts
Sockets come in both ___ point designs.
6 and 12
In North America, AC is delivered at _______ Hz.
60
What is the pH of pure water?
7
The valence shell holds a maximum of how many electrons?
8
A 12-volt battery contains how many cells?
8 cells
What is the optimal range of pressure in a cooling system?
9 to 16 psi (pounds per square inch)
Acceleration due to gravity is approximately___________, not counting air resistance.
9.8 meters per second per second
The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is about...
93 million miles
Which of these is an acceptable symbol for Amperes?
A
Capacitor
A device used to store an electric charge
Population:
A group of organisms of the same species living in the same region.
Electronic devices operate at what?
A high frequency
Transformer
A machine used for reducing or increasing the voltage of an alternating current
Biome:
A major life zone of interrelated species bound together by similar climate, vegetation, and animal life.
Soldering
A process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and then flowing a filler metal into the joint
What is a cell?
A storage compartment for electricity in a battery
Ecosystem:
A system made up of a community of animals, plants, and other organisms as well as the abiotic (non-living) aspects of its environment.
What are the four blood types?
A, AB, B, O
Do household electrical outlets in North America use AC or DC current?
AC current
Does an alternator produce DC or AC power?
AC power
A viral infection in humans characterized by a very long time between the initial exposure and the exhibition of symptoms is...
AIDS
Cutting torches use a mixture of ___ to produce a high temperature flame.
Acetylene and oxygen
What does the muscular system do?
Allows organs to contract and allows bodily movement
AC
Alternating Current
Current is measured using...
Ammeter
What device is used to measure electrical current?
Ammeter
You would measure the amount of current through a circuit with a/an...
Ammeter
What is used to measure current that is going through a circuit?
Amp gauge
Current is measured in...
Amperes
Electrical current is measured in _______________.
Amperes
The rate of electrons through a conductor is measured in units of....
Amperes
What is another name for transistor?
Amplifier
Electrical Current is always counted in what measurement?
Amps
What does an ammeter do?
An ammeter measures electrical current
Potentiometer
An device for measuring an electromotive force by balancing it against the potential difference
___ are used for ___, whereas ___ are most often used for ___.
Angle grinders and sanders are used for hard materials such as metals, while orbital vibrating sanders are most often used for smoothing wood surfaces
Antagonism
Animosity
Ground
Any part of a circuit that measures 0-Volts
raiment
Attire
A transistor has at least three terminals for connecting an external circuit, and they are?
Base, Emitter, and Collector terminals
What is the world biggest animal?
Blue whale
What does the digestive and excretory system do?
Breaks down food into smaller substances that the body can absorb and process into energy; eliminates waste from the body
How can you figure out how many cells a battery has?
By dividing the voltage of the battery by 1.5
A motor oil with a ___ prefix for its quality rating would be suited for a Diesel engine.
CD
Compounds designed to store electrical charge is called...
Capacitors
What is the most common element on Earth?
Carbon
Negative Terminal
Cathode
Adjustable joint pliers are used to grip larger-diameter objects and are also known as _____________.
Channellock pliers or water pump pliers
Human beings belong to the phylum...
Chordata
Chromosomes are tightly coiled threads of DNA composed of twin strands called...
Chromatids
Opposite of: deft
Clumsy
What is the most common type of pliers? (Kinda)
Combination slip joint pliers
What does the endocrine system do?
Communicated through hormones
A ___ is an element that allows electrons to flow freely.
Conductor
Boron is a
Conductor
The number of electrons that reside in the valence shell are what determines whether an element is a...
Conductor, semiconductor, or an insulator.
Which of the following is not a terminal on a transistor?
Control
Rectifier
Converts AC current to DC current
Examples of an electrical conductor:
Copper, aluminum, gold, silver
The sky is filled with dark, puffy clouds, and there is a thunderstorm approaching. What type of clouds are you seeing?
Cumulus
Ohms law
Current= Voltage/Resistance
Does a battery supply AC or DC current?
DC
Does a car's battery provide DC or AC electricity?
DC
What does DNA do?
DNA contains instructions for the construction of proteins. It determines an organism's genetic makeup and traits
The main difference between DOT3, DOT4, and DOT5 brake fluid is...
DOT3 and DOT4 absorb water, and DOT5 does not
What does the cardiovascular and circulatory system do?
Delivers oxygenated blood and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body, whisks away waste products, and returns the blood to the heart to oxygenate it again
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Opposite of: scrupulous
Derelict
GFCI
Device that shuts off an electric power circuit when it detects that current is flowing along an unintended path
DC
Direct Current
What does the abbreviation D.C. Stand for?
Direct Current
All cars are currently being built with ___ electrical systems.
Direct current
Insulators
Disrupt the current
Neutrons
Does not possess a charge
Name the taxonomic classification, from the broadest to the most specific category: (Remember it this way: Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
In an electrical circuit diagram, the symbol used to show wires connecting is a/an...
Dot (.)
Opposite of: veracity
Duplicity
What formula would you use to calculate a simple machine's mechanical efficiency?
Efficiency = work output/work input
Voltage
Electric potential difference between two charged points in an electric field
Which of the following statements about electrical resistance is false?
Electrically conductive materials have no resistive properties
What does the reproductive system do?
Enables and controls the production of offspring
_____________ is the process by which liquid water becomes water vapor.
Evaporation
Coulombs
Explains how strong the force will be between two electrostatic charges
____________ is the mathematical formula representing Newton's second law of motion.
F=ma
What does the renal and urinary system do?
Filters toxins from the blood and sends them out with urine
___ washers evenly distribute the ___of a bolted connection over a wider area or compensate for an oversized hole; ___ washers ___ between the bolted connection and the work piece, which prevents the bolt and nut from loosening.
Flat, compressive load, lock, exert force
Electrical current is the what?
Flow, or rate of the flow of electrons in a current
The starter motor's drive gear engages with the engine's...
Flywheel ring gear
A closed circuit must exist for what?
For electricity to flow
The weather report indicates a warm air front is moving in. Which is most likely to occur as a result of that warm air front?
Freezing rain
The number of times a current completes two alternations of direction per second is known as what?
Frequency
In what direction does current go in electrical flow notation...
From negative to positive
Our sun is classified as a ___ star or yellow ___.
G2V or yellow dwarf
Cell division is the process where...
Genetic material is replicated in the nucleus.
The ___ is a unit of mass. (Similar to weight)
Gram (g)
What wire color is not considered "hot"?
Gray
Which part of the ear is most likely to be damaged by loud noises?
Hairs in the cochlea
Who invented the telescope?
Hans Lippershey
What does the lymphatic and immune system do?
Helps rid the body of toxins, waste, and other materials the body doesn't need; fights infection
Unit of measurement for frequency is called what?
Hertz (Hz)
Frequency is usually measured in ____________ .
Hz
In the United States, what is the specification for an electrical outlet in a bathroom near a sink?
If within 6 feet of a sink, an outlet must be GFCI protected
What type of rock is obsidian?
Igneous
Inertia is best defined as...
Inertia is a resistance to all changes in motion, whether it is in direction, speeding up, slowing down, starting to move from a stop, or from stopping while moving.
What does the respiratory system do?
Inhaled air, uses the oxygen in the air to release energy, and exhales the carbon dioxide that results from this process
An ______ has a valence shell that is more than half full, or is completely full.
Insulator
Phosphorus is a
Insulator
Kilowatt-hour
Is 1-hour at a rate of 1,000 watts
The four planets beyond Mars are ___ and are referred as ___.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. And are called outer planets.
The _____________ scale is based on a measurement known as absolute zero.
Kelvin
Most energy is measured in what?
Kilowatt hour
The symbol for inductance is...
L
____________ are used for cutting and bending heavy-gauge wire.
Lineman pliers
What is the term for magnetic effects that are perpendicular to the conductor and parallel to each other?
Lines of force
Jargon
Lingo
The ___ is a unit of volume.
Liter (L)
Stratus clouds:
Low-hanging, broad, flat clouds that blanket the sky. Dark stratus clouds indicate that rain will soon occur.
What occurs when a wire is wrapped around an iron core and a current is sent through the wire?
Magnetic effect
Using a fuse with a current rating higher than that required by a circuit will do what?
Make the circuit less safe
Our solar system's asteroid belt lies between the orbits of _____________.
Mars and Jupiter
The asteroid belt closest to Earth lies between which two planets?
Mars and Jupiter
What is the correct sequence of objects in the solar system, moving away from the sun?
Mars, asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
Cumulus clouds:
Massive clouds that are puffy, like popcorn, with relatively flat bottoms and rounded tops. When cumulus clouds darken, you can expect heavy rain.
Amperes
Measures current
Watts
Measures power
Ohms
Measures resistance
Volts
Measures the difference of potential between two points
___________________ is the advantage gained by using a mechanism to help transmit force.
Mechanical advantage
The member of the solar system with the shortest period of solar revolution is...
Mercury
Name the planets, in order from the Sun outward. Remember: My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
The four closest planets to the Sun are ___ and are called ___.
Mercury, Venus, earth, Mars. And are called terrestrial planets.
The ___ is a unit of length.
Meter (m)
Which tool is often used with a back saw to make even cuts at specific angles.
Miter box
What are the five kingdoms of living things?
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
When silicon's crystalline structure is doped with a five-electron element, the silicon crystal becomes a ____________ (also known as a cathode).
N-Type
What are the two types of transistors?
NPN transistor and PNP transistor
The television broadcast standard in the United States is what?
NTSC
____________ are used for gripping very small objects.
Needle nose pliers
Diode
Negative terminal and Positive terminal
Electrons
Negatively charged
The primary gaseous component of the Earths atmosphere is:
Nitrogen
A universal donor is a person with which of the following blood types?
O negative
Defiantly
Obstinate
Current
Occurs when electrons move from once place to another
Capacitive reactance is measured in ____________.
Ohms
Resistance is measured in...
Ohms
The symbol for Ohms is...
Omega
In a closed electrical circuit...
One terminal is always positive and one terminal is always negative
Laminated
Overlaid
Which element is necessary in the formation of rust?
Oxygen
In a tire rating of P195/55 R15, the "P" stands for ___ and the last number designates ___.
P = passenger. last number indicates wheel diameter
What is the formula for electrical power?
P=IV, Power = current x voltage
Zenith
Pinnacle
The planet farthest from the Sun is...
Pluto
Protons
Positively charged
Mitochondria:
Produce energy
What does the integumentary and exocrine system do?
Protects the body from damage, such as overheating, injuries, etc.
The two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus:
Protons and neutrons
Opposite of: mollify
Provoke
What does the nervous system do?
Receives, processes, and responds to all physical stimuli
Devices that change alternating current to direct current are called what?
Rectifiers
Which are primary colors of light using the traditions painters color model?
Red, Yellow, Blue
Rebuke
Reprimand
R
Resistance
What is commonly used in a circuit in which the flow of electricity needs to be regulated for the device to run properly?
Resistance
A rheostat an adjustable...
Resistor
If someone has type A+ blood, the plus sign indicates the _____________. (The Rh factor is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells).
Rh factor
What does a positive or negative sign in a blood type indicate?
Rh factor
Examples of insulators:
Rubber, plastic, glass, air, wood
_____________ rock is formed when mineral deposits, such as those carried by a river, harden over time.
Sedimentary
___ is the best conductor.
Silver
Coil-on-plug ignition systems eliminate the need for...
Spark plug wires
Opposite of: periodical
Sporadic
What type of clouds produce precipitation?
Stratus and Cumulus
What is NOT usually a gas at room temperature?
Sulfur
A lead-acid battery has lead plates immersed in electrolyte composed of ___ and water.
Sulphuric acid
What does the skeletal system do?
Supports the body's muscles and organs; allows bones and joints to move
Travel from ___________ to ___________ and back constitutes one stroke.
TDC, BDC
What is the point at which electrical connections are made?
Terminal
Watt-hour
The amount of energy used in 1-hour at a rate of 1-watt
The ___ shown below is used in ___ to ___.
The block plane shown is used in carpentry to shave off material of different thicknesses.
Community:
The collection of all ecologically connected species in an area.
Torque is...
The degree to which a force causes an object to rotate
Electrons are able to change from negative to positive if...
The material is a conductor
Processing of signals from the heart and regulation of cardiac rhythm occurs in...
The medulla, or brain stem
cellular respiration is the process by which...
The mitochondria process sugar and oxygen to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
A vehicle travels at a constant speed on the highway. It can be said that...
The net force acting on a vehicle is zero
Circuit
The path of the electrical current
Which of the following is a characteristic of batteries connected in series?
The positive terminal of one battery is connected to the negative terminal of the next
Which of the following is a characteristic of a step-down transformer
The primary voltage is higher than the secondary voltage
Photosynthesis is...
The process by which sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water react to make sugar and oxygen.
What is the potential difference in an electrical circuit a measure of?
The voltage at a specific location in the circuit
Biosphere:
The zone of planet Earth where life naturally occurs, including land, water, and air, extending from the deep crust to the lower atmosphere.
Cirrus clouds:
Thin and wispy clouds that occur much higher in the atmosphere, at elevations of 20,000 feet or more.
What are TDC and BDC? TDC = ________________. BDC = ________________.
Top Dead Center, Bottom Dead Center
A device to amplify a signal is called what?
Transistor
During the water cycle, water enters the atmosphere as a gas through...
Transpiration
What are the five major layers of Earth's atmosphere, in order from the Earth's surface upward?
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere
Which blood type is the universal recipient?
Type AB
