ATMS 1001 Final Review (Leppert) (ULM)
Heat
A transfer of energy from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature
Cold air moving south
A wave pattern in the upper-level winds at middle latitudes in the northern hemisphere provides for
more rapidly
Air pressure drops __________ with altitude in a column of cold air than in a column of warm air
earth were not rotating
Air would move directly from high to low pressure if
heat exchanged with the surroundings is zero.
An adiabatic process is one in which the_____
condensation, warms
Cloud formation is an example___ and ___ the air.
thick and high
If a visible satellite image shows bright white in an area and the infrared satellite also shows that, the clouds are _____________.
rise.
If an air parcel is warmer than the surrounding environment then it will ____
the part of total atmospheric pressure exerted by water.
Vapor pressure is defined as______
zero
When geostrophic conditions exist in the atmosphere, the net force on the moving air is
the saturation vapor pressure increases.
When temperature increases, ______
Nitrogen
Which gas does not absorb any significant portion of incoming solar radiation?
Vapor pressure, dew point, mixing ratio
Which of the following moisture variables describes the actual amount of moisture in the air?
deposition
Which of the following phase changes would release heat to the surrounding environment?
Microwave
Which of the following types of satellite data can see through cloud tops to observe precipitation structure?
painted white
Which of these is a good characteristic of an instrument shelter where you would want to put a thermometer?
Trough
Which term is defined as an elongated area of low pressure?
Coriolis force and pressure gradient force
Which two forces are balanced when the wind is in geostrophic balance?
Steam fog
Which type of fog is produced when you breathe out on a cold winter morning and you can "see your breath"?
Infrared satellite image
Which type of satellite image provides information about the height of clouds?
Doppler radar
Which weather observation tool would be the best choice to determine when it will start to rain at your location?
It strongly influences the development of surface storms
Why is the pattern of upper-level winds an important part of the forecasting process?
40% of the Sun's energy is reflected
Suppose the albedo of a planet is measured to be 40%. This means that......
Friction
Surface winds move differently than winds aloft
were measured at the same time
Synoptic weather maps display weather data that
True
T or F: At a pressure value, the air density will be highest when the temperature is coldest.
True
T or F: Both absolute humidity and relative humidity change is the temperature of the air changes.
True
T or F: Fairbanks, AK (65N) has more hours of daylight in June than Miami, Fl (26N).
True
T or F: Frost prevention by air mixing requires that a temperature inversion be present in the air layer near the ground.
True
T or F: Gradient winds follow a curved path.
False
T or F: If the temperature remains unchanged and the mixing ratio drops, the relative humidity will increase.
False
T or F: Infrared imagery, like visible imagery, can only detect the presence of clouds during the day.
True
T or F: Latitude is a major control of temperature since latitude determines the Sun angle.
True
T or F: Long-range forecasts predict whether it will be drier or wetter or warmer or cooler than normal.
True
T or F: Nowcasting is heavily dependent on weather radar and geostationary satellites.
True
T or F: Successful dispersal of fog by seeding is limited to supercooled fog.
True
T or F: Sun angle is the angular distance from the observer's horizon to the Sun at noon
False
T or F: The Coriolis effect is strongest at the equator and diminishes in strength poleward.
False
T or F: The North Pole remains pointed towards the sun at all times, regardless of where the Earth is in its orbit
True
T or F: The higher the temperature of a radiating body, the shorter the wavelength of maximum radiation
False
T or F: The influence of altitude upon temperature results in surface temperatures falling more rapidly with height than the normal lapse rate value
True
T or F: The primary cause of wind is not atmospheric pressure but atmospheric pressure difference.
False
T or F: The troposphere warms as a direct result of shortwave energy passing into it.
True
T or F: Water Vapor accounts for the majority of atmospheric warming in the lower troposphere
is less than earth's longwave.
Temperatures at the Earth's surface tend to decrease when solar radiation:
June 21st
The 90 degree angle rays strike the Tropic of Cancer on this day.
changing the direction of the wind
The Coriolis effect influences the wind by
cover long distances
The Coriolis effect is important only for motions that
changes the apparent direction that an object is moving
The Coriolis force ___________________
Ridges; warm, dry air
_____________ are elongated high pressure areas extending towards the poles and are associated with _____________
Persistence Forecasts
______________ predict that future weather will be the same as the present weather conditions.
Trend Forecasting
___________________ assumes that the weather occurring upstream will persist and move on to affect the area in its path.
colder temperatures
clear night skies lead to ____ than cloudy skies at night.
Isotherm
connects points of equal temperature
The stability of an air layer refers to its:
tendency to either sustain or suppress upward vertical motions
Annual range of temperature:
the difference between the average temperatures of the warmest and the coldest months
Visible images
These types of images are news of the earth the way an astronaut would see our planet from space.
an area of low pressure
A cyclone is generally defined by meteorologists as
will probably have cooler summer temperatures than an inland place at the same latitude
A place along an inland coast
recognition of temperature patterns
A primary reason for drawing isotherms on a map of temperature values is to allow
southeast to northwest
A southeast wind blows from ____________
produces strong winds
A steep pressure gradient ______________
absorbed by the evaporating water.
As liquid water is evaporated into the atmosphere, heat energy is____
Annual mean temperature
Average of all 12 monthly mean temperatures
Decrease; increase
If you move down from the equator to a location in the mid-latitudes, the winter time avg. temperature will _______ and the temperature range will ______.
0.29
Chicago,IL records the following: High T: 40 degree, low T: 32 degree F on this day, _______ cooling days and ___ heating degree days were accumulated.
decrease;decrease
If you move from Los Angeles,CA (@ sea level) to Denver, CO (a mile above sea level) the average summer temperature will______ and the average winter temperature will ____.
the parcel is stable with respect to an unsaturated parcel and unstable with respect to a saturated parcel.
Conditional instability is a situation in which_____
the combined effects of solar and terrestrial radiation
Daily and seasonal temperature cycles depend primarily on:
keep the air warmer by absorbing and re-emitting language radiation back to surface
During the nights, clouds:
absolutely stable.
If your environmental lapse rate is 17C/Km on a partly cloudy afternoon then the atmosphere is said to be:
Saturation
Equal numbers of water molecules evaporating from and condensing into a water surface
energy demand and consumption
Heating degree days are used to evaluate:
uneven heating of the earth's surface
Horizontal variations in our pressure cause a force which makes the wind blow. These pressure variations are often caused by
The satellite is capable of sensing the wavelength of radiation typically emitted by water vapor.
How can a satellite "see" water vapor in the atmosphere?
Cooler
How is the daily max temperature affected by the presence of clouds?
decrease
How will the daily temperature range change if you moved from a desert to a rainforest @ the same latitude?
Aerovane
Measures wind speed and direction
at a higher elevation
If you increase the average temperature of a column of air, then the 500 MB pressure surface will be ____________________
Vertical component of air motion
This is much slower than horizontal than vertical
Coriolis Force
Instead of the air flowing straight out of a high pressure system, it spirals in clockwise direction. The cause of this is known as
temperature and precipation
Long range forecasts (monthly or seasonal) include predictions of ______________.
Mass of water vapor ---------------------- Mass of dry air
Mixing Ratio
Infared
Most of the radiation emitted by the earth and its atmosphere is in this category
produce more continental climates for locations downwind of them
Mountains tend to
emit more shortwave radiation than cooler objects do
Objects with higher temperatures:
Unequal heating of the earth's surface
On Earth, what causes the development of winds, ocean circulation patterns and weather?
abrupt changes in temperature, humidity, and wind direction
On a surface-level synoptic weather draft, a front is often identified by zones that exhibit
to determine the speed and direction of motion for a mid-latitude cyclone
One of the primary uses for a 500-MB map is
water vapor is a good absorber of outgoing longwave radiation.
Overnight temperatures are warmer when the air is humid because:
Ensemble Forecast
Running one model several times with slightly different initial conditions is known as
the high albedo of the snow keeps air temperatures cooler
Snow does not immediately melt away on a mild spring day because
Blanket Effect
The absorption of longwave radiation by certain gases in lower atmosphere is responsible for this.
7
The accuracy of day-to-day weather forecasts for periods beyond ______ days is relatively unreliable.
decrease
The addition of water vapor will cause the density of air to
solar radiation is nearly uniform all year
The annual temperature range is quite small near the equator. This is because:
absorption of Earth's longwave radiation
The atmosphere is heated primarily by:
weight of the air above
The best explanation for the cause of atmospheric pressure is
when outgoing radiation equals incoming
The daily maximum temperature occurs at the time:
tilt of the Earth's rotation axis, which causes sun angles and daylight length to vary
The primary cause of earth's seasons is
Temperature
The primary factor which determines what type and how much radiation an object emits is its
pressure gradient force
The primary force which causes ALL winds is ____________
transfer heat and equalize the imbalance of energy between the poles and the equator
The primary purpose served by surface ocean currents is to:
Polar Satellites
These satellites move north to south and obtain images of earth two times a day by drifting 15 degrees west
Geostationary Satellites
These satellites were placed in orbit over the equator and remain fixed over a point on earth because they keep pace with rotation.
Warming the surface and cooling the air aloft
These two conditions working together will make the atmosphere the most unstable.
first place where the air becomes saturated
The lifting condensation level is the location of the_____
earth experiences a net loss of radiation until then
The minimum temperature usually occurs near sunrise because:
Idk
The moist adiabatic rate is different from the dry adiabatic rate because_____
everywhere
The pressure gradient force is directed from higher to lower pressure
Convection
The process of __________ involves the movement or circulation of a mass or substance.
temperature of the air.
The property which primarily controls how much water can be present as a gas is____
Atmospheric Window
The range of infrared wavelengths that can most easily escape Earth's atmosphere
Conduction
The transfer of heat through matter by molecular collisions is called:
UV energy
The type of energy that is responisble for sunburn is
Radiosonde
These acquire data about conditions in the upper atmosphere
Upper air winds
These are generally faster than surface winds.
High Latitude
This will cause the greatest reduction in daily temperature range.
high pressure at the surface
Upper-level convergence causes ____________
prediction of future weather data
Weather analysis does not include
Both wind speed and latitude
What factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force?
Humidity, air temperature, wind speed
What factors influence the sensation of temperature that the human body feels?
Clouds
What is most likely to "block" the atmospheric window and keep the lower atmosphere warmer?
1013.25 MB
What is the average sea level pressure in the U.S.?
Radiation
What is the only form of heat transfer that can operate in a vacuum?
Analog Method
What technique is used to match current conditions with similar well estimated patterns from the past?
