Bio 100 Chapter 5

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molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient

active transport

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of

active transport.

In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?

cell respiration

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of

endocytosis.

ATP is

energy

"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____.

energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another

A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of

facilitated diffusion.

Which of the following is highest in chemical energy?

glucose

Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration?

heat and water

In cellular respiration, most energy is released and transferred to ATP when _____.

high energy "falls"

What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?

hydrolysis

Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____.

into ... membranous vesicles

An enzyme _____.

is an organic catalyst

a space station orbiting Earth

kinetic energy

You know a cell is in a hypertonic solution because it _____.

lost water

When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from where they are _____ to where they are ___.

more; less

What name is given to the process by which water crosses a membrane?

osmosis

Diffusion across a membrane is called

passive transport

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____.

phagocytosis

Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.

potential

Most enzymes are _____.

proteins

Enzymes work by _____.

reducing activation energy

Kinetic energy is energy in motion. Potential energy is _____ energy.

stored

What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?

substrate

Water crosses the plasma membrane

through facilitated diffusion or diffusion.

Energy is conserved. This means that in any system, _____.

total energy input equals total energy output

As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme is _____.

unchanged


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