Bio 100 Chapter 5
molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient
active transport
The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of
active transport.
In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?
cell respiration
The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of
endocytosis.
ATP is
energy
"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____.
energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another
A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of
facilitated diffusion.
Which of the following is highest in chemical energy?
glucose
Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration?
heat and water
In cellular respiration, most energy is released and transferred to ATP when _____.
high energy "falls"
What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?
hydrolysis
Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____.
into ... membranous vesicles
An enzyme _____.
is an organic catalyst
a space station orbiting Earth
kinetic energy
You know a cell is in a hypertonic solution because it _____.
lost water
When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from where they are _____ to where they are ___.
more; less
What name is given to the process by which water crosses a membrane?
osmosis
Diffusion across a membrane is called
passive transport
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____.
phagocytosis
Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.
potential
Most enzymes are _____.
proteins
Enzymes work by _____.
reducing activation energy
Kinetic energy is energy in motion. Potential energy is _____ energy.
stored
What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?
substrate
Water crosses the plasma membrane
through facilitated diffusion or diffusion.
Energy is conserved. This means that in any system, _____.
total energy input equals total energy output
As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme is _____.
unchanged
