Bio 100 final
Which of the following is a type of epithelial tissue?
a. skin
Why is it important that white blood cells are able to travel outside the human circulatory system?
b. Pathogens may be found in other areas of the body besides the circulatory vessels.
Each T cell and each B cell binds to only one specific type of ________________.
b. antigen.
Blood leaving the right ventricle of the heart travels next to the
b. lungs
Which of the following structures has the smallest diameter?
b. the bronchioles
When blood arrives at an alveolus,
b. the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in the blood than in the alveolus
Which of the following statements about negative feedback is true?
c. Negative feedback slows down or shuts down off a process when a set point is reached.
Which of the following things happens during inhalation?
c. Oxygen-rich air enters the alveoli.
The function of the esophagus is to
c. carry food to the stomach
Insulin is a protein hormone that helps cells use glucose. In type 1 diabetes, insulin-making cells in the pancreas are attacked and destroyed. This is an example of
c. the endocrine, digestive, circulatory, and immune systems affecting one another
Shortages of iron in our diet can cause iron deficiency anemia, a condition that reduces the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells.Iron deficiency anemia is a potentially serious condition that is characterized primarily by
a. a reduction in the blood's capacity to transport oxygen.
Which of the following events is the first to occur during inflammation?
a. damaged cells release key signaling molecules.
Which of the following sequences correctly describes the journey of a potato chip through our digestive tract?
a. mouth to the esophagus to stomach to the small intestine to large intestine to the anus
Carbohydrates and fats are both
a. used as energy sources.
Which of the following features could be found in a vein, but NOT in an artery?
b. a one-way valve
Which of the following is a collection of organs?
b. heart, lungs, and liver
The advantage of chewing food is that this process
b. provides mechanical digestion and increases the surface area of the food for further digestion
The body responds to tissue damage by mounting an immediate and coordinated sequence of events called the
c. inflammatory response.
One of the advantages of the villi that line the small intestine is that they
d. Increase the surface area available for food absorption.
One side of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit, and the other side of the heart pumps blood to the systematic circuit. How do these different functions affect the structure of the heart?
d. The left side of the heart has a thicker muscular wall than the right side.
The pulmonary __________ carries ___________ blood from the heart to the lungs.
d. artery, oxygen-poor
After about an hour of basking in the sun, the body temperature of the marine iguana reaches 37 degrees Celcius and the animal dives into the water to feed. In the water, its body temperature rapidly drops, and the iguana must return to the rocks to warm up. This process is an example of
d. negative feedback
Which of the following prevents both blood loss and the invasion of pathogens in vertebrates?
d. the formation of blood clots
The blood vessels that allow diffusion between blood and nearby body cells are
a. capillaries
Which of the following is a component of the immune system's third line of defense?
b. T cells
Which of the following is most likely to be the target of a T cell?
c. virally infected self cells
Which of the following sequences correctly describes the journey of a molecule of oxygen from the pharynx to an alveolus?
a. Pharynx to trachea to bronchus to bronchiole to alveolus
As nutrients move across an intestinal villus, most of the nutrients are absorbed by
a. capillaries.
For homework, your instructor asks you to write a paragraph discussing how the mouth, stomach, and small intestine work together to process food items and provide nutrients to the body. Which level of biological organization are you studying?
a. organ systems
The power that moves food along your esophagus comes from
a. smooth muscle
The breaking open of alveoli in people who have emphysema decreases their rate of gas exchange because
a. their lungs have less surface area available for diffusion
Large blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the legs to the heart are
a. veins
Which of the following is a characteristic of an organ used for gas exchange?
a. very thin tissues
The primary role of the immune system's first line of defense is to _________________.
c. act as a barrier to prevent entry of pathogens.
The human liver produces bile, a substance that
c. allows fats to dissolve more easily in the watery contents of the gut.
Pancreatic cancer is an especially dangerous disease in humans because the pancreas is
c. an organ that manufactures many different kinds of digestive enzymes.
Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes tissues from organs?
c. organs consist of multiple tissue types, whereas tissues consist of one or more cell types.
Activated B cells are responsible for __________________.
c. producing antibodies that bind to pathogens.
Food passing through our digestive tract would contain the fewest nutrients when it reaches which of the following organs?
c. the large intestine
Some species of fish that live in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean have evolved an 'antifreeze' protein. Why might this protein be important to homeostasis?
d. The protein might prevent ice crystals from forming inside fish cells, which would prevent damage to the plasma membrane when temperatures are low.
What prevents pathogens from entering our bodies through the delicate tissues of the lungs?
The tubes that enter the lungs are lined with mucus that traps pathogens and is then removed from the respiratory system.
A difficult wound for the immune system to respond to is ______________.
a. a puncture wound, because the first and second lines of defense can be bypassed.