Chapter 3 Assessment

four categories of geothermal energy

1. dry steam 2. hot water 3. hot, dry rock 4. geopressurized resources

energy can be in five forms

1. mechanical 2. chemical 3. radiant 4. electrical 5. nuclear

eight main categories of solar technologies

1. solar cells 2. power tower 3. passive application 4. active application 5. wind energy 6. biomass 7. agriculture and industrial heating 8. ocean thermal energy conversion

two considerations with mechanical work

1. something must move to a new location for work to be done 2. the movement must be in the same direction as the direction of the force

kinetic energy measured in

1. work done to put the object in motion 2. work the moving object will do in coming to rest

kinetic energy equation

=1/2 (mass)(velocity)^2 KE=1/2mv^2

fossil fuels

Coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are ancient remains of plants and animals.

Which of the statements below are part of the law of conservation of energy?

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but the total energy remains constant. Energy is never created or destroyed.

The six simple machines

Inclined Plane, Wedge, Screw, Lever, Wheel and Axle, and Pulley

Moving water can be used as an energy source. Select all the characteristics of this energy source that apply

It is a renewable source of energy. It is limited, in part, by geography

Select all the benefits of using hydrogen as a fuel source

It produces no pollutants. It releases lots of energy when combined with oxygen. Water is a by-product.

equation for determining kinetic energy

KE = 1/2 mv2

Select the two formulas below that can be used to determine the mechanical advantage

MA = effort distance/resistance distance MA = resistance force/effort force

joule

Newton meter

energy

ability to do work

Sources of energy that are not in common use today, although they may be well-known, are known as

alternative

What is the highest rank in the formation of coal

anthracite

The zero reference point for potential energy is

arbitarty

Geothermal energy is the energy stored

beneath the surface of Earth due to high internal temperatures

Coal, petroleum, and wood are the three primary sources of energy historically used in the United States. Which of these was most popular from the mid-1800s through the mid-1900s?

coal

resistance distance

distance of the resistance moves

effort distance

distance over which your effort force acts is

In what ways can kinetic energy be measured? It can be measured in terms of the work

done to place an object in motion the object will do when coming to rest

The distance over which a force is applied when using a lever is called the

effort

When work is done against a resistance, a(n)... change takes place

energy

geothermal energy

energy beneath Earth's surface

law of conservation of energy

energy is never created or destroyed. energy can be converted from one form to another, but the total energy remains constant

kinetic energy

energy of motion

potential energy

energy that an object has because of its position, energy due to position

If friction is ignored, then the work put into a simple machine is ______ the work you get out of it

equal to

MA= FR/FE

equation

Energy is used to do... on an object

force

mechanical advantage

force or distance advantage you gain by using the machine

effort force

force that you provide by using the machine

Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are examples of... fuels. contain the stored radiant energy from organisms that lived millions of years ago.

fossil

The energy stored beneath Earth's surface due to the higher internal temperatures of Earth is known as

geothermal energy

In what form do we use coal in the United States to generate electricity

ground up coal

Identify the two variables below that impact the final velocity of a free-falling object if air resistance is ignored

height gravity

As long as the rain falls, ______ is a renewable form of energy, limited in large part by geography

hydropower

is a measure of how much work an object can do based on its position; it is a measure of potential energy

joule

The...-hour is a unit of work associated with electricity.

kilowatt

potential energy can be converted to

kinetic energy

Increasing the... of an object will increase its kinetic energy but not as much as increasing the... of an object, which quadruples the kinetic energy.

mass velocity

distance is measured in

meters (m)

force is measured in

newtons (N)

If force is applied to an object but that object does not move, has work been done on it?

no, an object must move if work is done on it

If an object moves at right angles only to the force applied to it, has work been done on the object by the force

no, the direction of motion for work must be parallel to the direction of the force

The splitting (fission) of the nucleus of an atom results in the release of energy. This energy provides the raw source of energy in... power plants

nuclear

watt

one newton-meter per second, or joule per second

Place the types of coal in order of formation based on temperature and pressure. Place the one that forms under the least heat and pressure at the top and the one that forms under the most heat and pressure at the bottom

peat lignite bituminous anthracite

The Greek word for rock and the Latin word for oil are combined to create our modern English word(s)

petroleum

Weight (w) of an object multiplied by the height (h) of an object determines the

potential energy

electrical energy is measured by

power (kW) multiplied by time used P=W/t or W=Pt

horsepower

power rating of 550 ftxlb/s

power equation

power=work/time P=W/t

mechanical work

product of force and the distance an object moves as a result of the force

weight

product of mass of an object time acceleration due to gravity PE=mgh OR PE=wh

power

rate at which energy is transformed or the rate at which work is done

distance is the distance moved by the object on which the force is applied

resistance

force

result of an interaction that is capable of changing the state of motion of an object

A simple machine allows a small force to be applied over a large distance (effort distance) so that a large force is working over a... distance

small

A simple machine aids in getting work done by allowing a

small force to be applied over a large distance to get a large force working over a smaller distance

From 1973 to 2011, the U.S. economic output increased about 100 percent, and the per capita energy use

stayed about the same

Work against friction results in an increase in ______, which is a type of energy change that takes place.

temperature

is an interaction that will change the motion of an object

temperature change

work

the product of the applied force and the parallel distance through which the force acts

What variable has the greatest effect on the kinetic energy of an object

velocity

The conservation of energy is important because we lose most of the potential energy in fuel as

waste heat

A inclined plane is a simple machine. Which of these other simple machines are a type of inclined plane

wedge screw

The energy-source mix in the United States has changed over time. Which of the following represents the changing dominant source of energy with time (past to present)

wood to coal to petroleum

work equation

work=force x distance W= (newton)(meter) w=Fd

rank electromagnetic waves

x rays ultraviolet light visible light microwaves

resistance force

you and the machine are working against the second force