BIO 103 Final Exam Maness

What are the predicted phenotypes of the male children from the union of a woman who is heterozygous for hemophilia and a man who has normal blood clotting characteristics? (Use the Punnett square to verify your answer.)

1 homozygous normal: 1 carrier

How many males have hemophilia?

1 in every 5,000

The normal human karyotype contains _______ chromosomes.

46

Early biologists classified living things into two kingdoms. Many biologists today recognize ___ kingdoms.

6

Which of the following is a taxon?

All of these

_______ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells.

Bacterial conjugation

The protein coat of a virus is called the:

Capsid

__________ developed the binomial system of nomenclature.

Carolus Linnaeus

The structure in Figure 24-2 labeled C is:

Cell wall

Which of the following does NOT describe members of the Kingdom Fungi?

Cells lack a nucleus

In all organisms, hereditary information is encoded within ______ molecules.

DNA

Bacteria are found in the kingdom:

Eubacteria

To what Kingdom do I belong? I am neither prokaryotic nor photosynthetic, and I obtain nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into my environment.

Fungi

the islands where Charles Darwin observed variation among organisms and compared them to those organisms found on the mainland were the:

Galapagos islands

Zea mays is the scientific name of the corn plant. Zea is the _____ name.

Genus

The ______ can be considered a sorting, processing, and packaging center.

Golgi complex

Identify the three basic themes in biology: I. The cellular composition of life II. The evolution of life III. The flow of energy through living systems IV. The mechanisms of disease V. The transmission of information

I. The cellular composition of life II. The evolution of life V. The transmission of information

Who is your favorite biology teacher?

Jennifer Maness

Persons having an XO karyotype are sterile females. They have ______________ syndrome.

Klinefelter

Persons having an XXY karyotype are nearly normal males but produce few or no sperm. They have ________ syndrome.

Klinefelter

Taxonomy is the science of:

Naming and classifying organisms

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor is termed:

Phylogeny

Which of the following represents the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystem?

Producers-consumers-decomposers

Which of the following represents the sequence of events during mitosis?

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Water molds are members of the kingdom ________.

Protista

Which Kingdom contains the protozoa, water and slime molds, and algae?

Protista

You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthetic. Based on this evidence you correctly assign this organism to the Kingdom:

Protista

Which of the following is NOT involved in movement?

Retina

The scientific study of the diversity of organisms and the evolutionary relationships between them is referred to as:

Systematics

One benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that:

The interaction of the genes from both parents brings about genetic variation

Which of the following is NOT true of hormones?

They are a type of gene

Which of the following is NOT true of proteins?

They are the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.

What is the function of the structure labeled A in Figure 24-2?

To protect the cell

What is the correct format for the scientific name of an extinct carnivorous dinosaur?

Tyrannosaurus rex

Which one of the following is a characteristic of asexual, as opposed to sexual, reproduction?

a cell splitting in half

A prophage:

a phage DNA that is integrated into bacterial DNA

All of the members of the same species occupying the same area at the sate time constitute:

a population

Evolutionary modifications that improve the survival and reproductive success of an organism are called:

adaptations

When tissues organize they form:

an organ

Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels, therefore, share a(n) ______ body form.

analogous

Humans, as well as other mammals ranging from mice to elephants, have hair. Hair, then, would be considered to be:

ancestral characteristic

The cell theory states that all living organisms:

are made of cells

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of Burchell's zebras to their environment?

asexual reproduction

Which of the following is the most basic level of chemical organization?

atom

Rod-shaped bacteria are called:

bacillus

The structure of the virus in Figure 24-1 that is common to all viruses is:

bacteriophage

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:

binary fission

The science of life is:

biology

Biological growth involves an increase in:

both number and size of cells

An element is defined by a substance that:

cannot be broken into simpler substances by chemical reactions

Which of the following is most directly associated with the theory of evolution?

changing of population overtime

Down syndrome is an example of a _______ condition.

chromosomal

In Paramecium, the surface of the cell is covered with thousands of short, hair like ______.

cilia

In freshwater ciliates, special organelles called ______ control water regulation.

contractile vacuoles

The structures indicated by the arrows in Figure 4-3 are:

cristae

A(n) ______ character is a trait that has evolved relatively recently.

derived

In an experiment, the control group:

does not contain the variable being tested

Most prokaryotes belong to the:

domains of Bacteria and Archaea

What am I? My mitochondria have disc-shaped cristae, and I am often used as indicators of organic pollution such as sewage in a lake or stream.

euglenophyte

Most protists are:

eukaryotic/unicellular/aquatic

Which of the following are inborn errors of metabolism?

fructose intolerance, galactosemia, MSUD

The units of hereditary information are:

genes

Information in living organisms can be transmitted by:

genes, hormones, neurotransmitters

In ciliates macronuclei control _______.

growth and metabolism

Refer to Figure 24-1. The function of the structure labeled 3 is:

helps attach and bond to the host

If a particular protein were being produced in excess of the cell's needs, then _____ mechanisms intervene to stop production.

homeostatic

The main process that occurs at the site of the structures marked by arrows in Figure 4-3 is:

increase of the surface area that allows more capacity for ATP

Tay-Sachs disease is a(n) _________ disease that results in blindness, mental retardation, and death due to _______.

inherited; absence of an enzyme

A prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell in that a prokaryotic cell:

is exemplified by bacteria

An atom becomes a cation if:

it loses one or more elctrons

Homeostasis in living organisms involves processes that:

maintain a constant internal environment

A karyotype reveals that an individual is XYY. Based on your knowledge of human genetics you correctly conclude that this individual is phenotypically ______ and ______.

male; fertile

In living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as:

metabolism

The organelle featured in Figure 4-3:

mitochondria

Turner syndrome is an example of a ______ condition.

monosomic

How many females are carriers of the hemophilia gene?

most

The ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms is:

mutations in DNA

Isotopes differ from each other with respect to the number of:

neutrons

Movement, as defined for living organisms, includes all of the following EXCEPT:

none of these; all are types of movement in living organisms

The formation of female gametes is termed:

oogenesis

Viral proteins can damage host cells by:

overwhelming the host cell with a large number of viruses

Symbiotic association in which one partner lives on or in another is called:

parasitism

Viruses that attack bacteria are called:

phages

Small hairlike structures on the surface of bacteria are called:

pili

The first eukaryotic cells to evolve from ancestral prokaryotes were:

plants

An amphipathic molecule has:

polar and non-polar parts

Evolution is genetic change in ____ that occurs over time.

population

Which of the following terms includes the fewest species of organisms?

population

If an organism is eukaryotic, then by definition it will:

posses a nucleus

Energy stored within the molecules of ATP is in the form of ______ energy.

potential

Reductionism refers to the method of investigating structures by:

studying the parts of structures

Carbohydrate molecules:

sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant; a saccharide

Which of the following is NOT a term related to information transfer in living systems?

taxon

A good hypothesis:

testable and falsifiable

A hypothesis is:

testable prediction that gives direction to research

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living organisms?

the ability to obtain energy from sunlight

You have identified a new mammal species. You are surprised to find that it has a pelvis, but there is no evidence the species has legs. However, as a scientist you will most likely conclude:

the pelvis is a vestigial structure

Which of the following stimuli most directly causes the Venus flytrap to catch an insect?

touch

Kilojoules are:

units of work

The symbiotic dinoflagellates, which live in the bodies of marine invertebrates such as mollusks, jellyfish, and corals are called _____________

zooxanthellae