BIO 111 Chapter 12, 13, 14, 15

Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What fraction of the progeny of crosses BbTt × BBtt will be expected to have black fur and long tails? A) 1/2 B) 1/16 C) 9/16 D) 1/4 E) 3/8

A) 1/2

A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism? A) HT B) Hh C) T D) TT E) HhTt

A) HT

SRY is best described as _____. A) a gene region present on the Y chromosome that triggers male development B) an autosomal gene that is required for the expression of genes on the X chromosome C) Sorry D) an autosomal gene that is required for the expression of genes on the Y chromosome E) a gene present on the X chromosome that triggers female development

A) a gene region present on the Y chromosome that triggers male development

Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely _____. A) a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis B) an animal cell in the process of cytokinesis C) an animal cell in metaphase D) a plant cell in metaphase E) an animal cell in the S phase of the cell cycle

A) a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis

Homologous chromosomes _____. A) carry information for the same traits B) carry the same alleles C) are identical D) end up in the same gamete E) align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II

A) carry information for the same traits

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs during _____. A) meiosis I only B) meiosis II only C) mitosis and meiosis I D) mitosis only E) mitosis and meiosis II

A) meiosis I only

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) is inherited as a recessive allele of an X-linked gene in humans. A woman whose father suffered from G6PD marries a normal man. (a) What proportion of their sons is expected to be G6PD? (b) If the husband was not normal but was G6PD deficient, would you change your answer in part (a)? A) (a) 1/2; (b) yes B) (a) 1/2; (b) no C) (a) 100%; (b) yes D) (a) 100%; (b) no E) (a) zero; (b) no

B) (a) 1/2; (b) no

A homozygous tomato plant with red fruit and yellow flowers was crossed with a homozygous tomato plant with golden fruit and white flowers. The F1 all had red fruit and yellow flowers. The F1 were testcrossed by crossing them to homozygous recessive individuals and the following offspring were obtained: Red fruit and yellow flowersN41 Red fruit and white flowersN7 Golden fruit and yellow flowersN8 Golden fruit and white flowersN44 What is the % recombination between these genes? A) 18.1 B) 15 C) 17.6 D) 17.1 E) 48

B) 15

A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. How many picograms would be found at the end of S and the end of G2? A) 16; 8 B) 16; 16 C) 8; 16 D) 8; 8 E) 16; 32

B) 16; 16

Quaking aspen can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems? A) 9 B) 38 C) 76 D) 19 E) 10

B) 38

If a cell has completed meiosis I and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents? A) It is identical in content to another cell formed from the same meiosis I event. B) It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. C) It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the originating cell. D) It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell. E) It contains homologous pairs of chromosomes.

B) It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis.

What does a frequency of recombination of 50% indicate? A) Recombination was not complete when meiosis I finished. B) The two genes are likely to be located on different chromosomes. C) The genes are located on sex chromosomes. D) All of the offspring have combinations of traits that match one of the two parents. E) Abnormal meiosis has occurred.

B) The two genes are likely to be located on different chromosomes.

What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants? A) Dominant traits occur more frequently than recessive traits. B) Traits are inherited in discrete units and are not the results of "blending." C) Genes are composed of DNA. D) There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas. E) Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 generation than do dominant ones

B) Traits are inherited in discrete units and are not the results of "blending."

Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? A) formation of a spindle B) synapsis of chromosomes C) alignment of chromosomes at the equator D) chromosome replication E) condensation of chromosomes

B) synapsis of chromosomes

In human and many other eukaryotic species' cells, the nuclear membrane has to disappear to permit _____. A) cytokinesis B) the attachment of microtubules to kinetochores C) the disassembly of the nucleolus D) the splitting of the centrosomes E) replication of the DNA

B) the attachment of microtubules to kinetochores

In cats, black fur color is caused by an X-linked allele; the other allele at this locus causes orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of an orange female and a black male? A) orange females; black males B) tortoiseshell females; orange males C) black females; orange males D) tortoiseshell females; black males E) tortoiseshell females; tortoiseshell males

B) tortoiseshell females; orange males

The following questions refer to the pedigree chart in the figure below for a family, some of whose members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are indicated by a dark square or circle. What is the genotype of individual II-5? A) ww or Ww B) ww C) Ww D) WW

B) ww

Cinnabar eyes is a sex-linked, recessive characteristic in fruit flies. If a female having cinnabar eyes is crossed with a wild-type male, what percentage of the F1 males will have cinnabar eyes? A) 50% B) 0% C) 100% D) 75% E) 25%

C) 100%

When Mendel crossed true breeding yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants, all the offspring were yellow seeded. When he took these F1 yellow-seeded plants and crossed them to green-seeded plants, what genotypic ratio was expected? A) 9:3:3:1 B) 3:1 C) 1:1 D) 1:2:1 E) 1:1:1:1

C) 1:1

In the cross AaBbCc × AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC? A) 1/2 B) 1/4 C) 1/8 D) 1/64 E) 1/16

D) 1/64

The diploid number of a roundworm species is 4. Assuming there is no crossover, and that random segregation of homologues occurs during meiosis, how many different possible combinations of chromosomes might there be in the offspring (not including variety generated by crossing over)? A) 64 B) 8 C) 32 D) 4 E) 16

D) 4

What happens if MPF (mitosis-promoting factor) is introduced into immature frog oocytes that are arrested in G2? A) Nothing happens. B) The cells undergo meiosis. C) Cell differentiation is triggered. D) The cells enter mitosis. E) The cells enter S phase

D) The cells enter mitosis.

A research team began a study of a cultured cell line. Their preliminary observations showed them that the cell line did not exhibit either density-dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence. What could they conclude right away? A) The cells are unable to form spindle microtubules. B) They have altered the series of cell cycle phases. C) They were originally derived from an elderly organism. D) The cells show characteristics of tumors. E) The cells are in G0

D) The cells show characteristics of tumors.

Refer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following question. Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis? A) I B) III C) IV D) V E) VI

D) V

The following is a map of four genes on a chromosome. Between which two genes would you expect the lowest frequency of recombination? A) A and G B) A and E C) E and G D) W and E E) A and W

D) W and E

What is the final result of mitosis in a human? A) genetically identical 1n somatic cells B) genetically different 1n gamete cells C) genetically different 2n somatic cells D) genetically identical 2n somatic cells E) genetically identical 2n gamete cells

D) genetically identical 2n somatic cells

The human X and Y chromosomes _____. A) are both present in every somatic cell of males and females B) do not pair during meiosis C) are called autosomes D) include genes that determine an individual's sex E) are the same size and have the same number of genes

D) include genes that determine an individual's sex

Inheritance patterns cannot always be explained by Mendel's models of inheritance. If a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis I, select the choice that shows the chromosome number of the four resulting gametes with respect to the normal haploid number (n)? A) n+1; n-1; n; n B) n+1; n+1; n+1; n+1 C) n+1; n-1; n-1; n-1 D) n+1; n+1; n-1; n-1 E) n+1; n+1; n; n

D) n+1; n+1; n-1; n-1

A man has polydactyly (six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot). His wife and their daughter have a normal number of digits. Having extra digits is a dominant trait. The couple's second child has extra digits. What is the probability that their next (third) child will have extra digits? A) 1/16 B) 3/4 C) 1/4 D) 1/8 E) 1/2

E) 1/2

The cyclin component of MPF is destroyed toward the end of which phase? A) G2 B) S C) G1 D) G0 E) M

E) M

MPF is a dimer consisting of _____. A) a growth factor and mitotic factor B) cyclin and ATP C) cyclin and tubulin D) ATP synthetase and a protease E) cyclin and a cyclin-dependent kinase

E) cyclin and a cyclin-dependent kinase

Gene S controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cactuses with the dominant allele, S, have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive ss cactuses have dull spines. At the same time, a second gene, N, determines whether or not cactuses have spines. Homozygous recessive nn cactuses have no spines at all. The relationship between genes S and N is an example of _____. A) incomplete dominance B) pleiotropy C) codominance D) complete dominance E) epistasis

E) epistasis