bio 163 exam 3

each lung contains approx. _____ alveoli

150,000

alcohol consumption inhibits _________ release and results in ________ urine production

ADH, increased

the mature lymphocytes that are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity are

B cells

Vasoconstriction is a widening pf the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction

FALSE

about 10 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spacers every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph

FALSE

solute proteins secreted by plasma cells are called hormones

FALSE

the hormone that stimulates cell growth and repair is

GH

which class of antibody is responsible for the symptoms of allergies?

IgE

A papillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries

TRUE

All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes.

TRUE

Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.

TRUE

Substances capable of triggering the adaptive immune system and provoking an immune response are called antigens.

TRUE

each hemoglobin molecule can transport 4 molecules of oxygen

TRUE

the hormone that lowers blood sugar levels is insulin

TRUE

there are more afferent lymphatic vessels entering a lymph node than there are efferent vessels leaving a lymph node

TRUE

the nonspecific defense that denies access to pathogens is

a physical barrier

the unique nonspecific defense of the stomach is

acid

histamine and heparin promote redness, swelling, and heat by

affecting blood vessel permeability and diameter

which of the following is NOT an example of innate defense?

antibodies

the major symptom of leukemia is

appearance of immature and abnormal wbcs

the blood vessels that deliver blood directly to the skeletal muscles and internal organs are

arterioles

a condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is

arteriosclerosis

the transmission of endocrine signals occurs through

blood

the vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are

capillaries

studies show that 85-90 percent of all lung cancers are the direct result of

cigarette smoking

the lymphocyte cells that are identical to one another after being activated are

clones

an organelle that is present in a mature red blood cell is the

cytoskeleton

general digestive activities during the fight or flight of the stress response will

decrease

exhalation causes the thoracic cavity volume to _______, and the air pressure inside the lungs to ________

decrease, increase

the structures that lock adjacent cells together to block pathogen entrances are

desmosomes

the apex of the heart lies superior to the

diaphragm

the oropharynx also plays an important part in the ______ system

digestive

the WBC that is involved in allergic reactions is the

eosinophil

Through the adrenal medulla, the hypothalamus stimulates release of

epinephrine and norepinephrine

which of the following is NOT a function of the upper respiratory tract?

exchanging gases with blood

which of the following is a primary respiratory muscle?

external intercostal

ACTH stimulates release of hormones controlling

glucocorticoids that affect glucose metabolism

diabetic ketoacidosis is a consequence of the inability of cells to absorb

glucose

Increased breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose is stimulated by

glycagon

hormones that regulate the activity of the gonads are known as the

gonadotropins

ADH is synthesized by the

hypothalamus

a young teen, balancing precariously on a bridge, topples and falls into icy-cold rushing water. Emergency personnel successfully pull him out, and although he is still breathing, his respiration is dangerously low and insufficient to meet normal oxygen delivery demands. what is an expected effect of this disturbance in respiratory equilibrium?

increased carbon dioxide levels in the cerebrospinal fluid

tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called

infarction

the localized general tissue response to injury is

inflammation

pancreatic beta cells produce and secrete

insulin

which of the following is a characteristic associated with a typical artery that would NOT be seen in a vein?

internal and external elastic membrane

inhaling through the nostrums is preferred over inhaling through the mouth because

it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air

the left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the _______ artery

left coronary

the difference in fluid flow into and out of capillaries is taken up by the

lymph vessels

the primary cells of the immune system are

lymphocytes

what type of membrane lines the respiratory tract

mucous

passage of antibodies from mother to baby through breast milk is an example of

naturally acquired passive immunity

Quick, short communication to specific targets is provided by

neurotransmitters

the WBC that phagocytes injured and infected tissue is the

neutrophil

Kirk has type AB blood. Which blood type would cause agglutination or cross reaction with his blood?

no blood types

the fluid lubricating the opposing surfaces of membrane in the pericardial cavity is called

pericardial cavity

melatonin is produced and secreted by the

pineal gland

the gland historically called the "master gland" is the

pituitary gland

hormones that are made by the hypothalamus are secreted by the

posterior pituitary

Common goal of endocrine and nervous system

preserve homeostasis

hormone that stimulates milk production

prolactin

the MALT is found in tissues like the small intestines to

protect the body in areas with exposure to the external environment

the circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the _______

pulmonary circuit

ventricular systole is triggered by the

purkinje fibers

TSH acts to stimulate

release of thyroid hormones

the average pH of blood falls in a range of

slightly alkaline

the organ that performs the same function for the blood that the lymph nodes perform for the lymph is the

spleen

the right atrium receives blood from the

superior and inferior vena cava

the circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the _______ circuit

systemic

the lymphatics of the head and right and right arm drain into

the right lymphatic duct

the hormone(s) that promote development of functional T cells is/are called

thymosins

the windpipe that conducts air toward the lungs

trachea

an accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called

trachycardia

relaxation of the Lowe chambers of the heart is called

ventricular diastole

the most effective way to aid venous return in the lower limbs following any surgery is to

walk to contract skeletal leg muscles