bio 163 exam 3
each lung contains approx. _____ alveoli
150,000
alcohol consumption inhibits _________ release and results in ________ urine production
ADH, increased
the mature lymphocytes that are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity are
B cells
Vasoconstriction is a widening pf the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction
FALSE
about 10 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spacers every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph
FALSE
solute proteins secreted by plasma cells are called hormones
FALSE
the hormone that stimulates cell growth and repair is
GH
which class of antibody is responsible for the symptoms of allergies?
IgE
A papillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries
TRUE
All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes.
TRUE
Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.
TRUE
Substances capable of triggering the adaptive immune system and provoking an immune response are called antigens.
TRUE
each hemoglobin molecule can transport 4 molecules of oxygen
TRUE
the hormone that lowers blood sugar levels is insulin
TRUE
there are more afferent lymphatic vessels entering a lymph node than there are efferent vessels leaving a lymph node
TRUE
the nonspecific defense that denies access to pathogens is
a physical barrier
the unique nonspecific defense of the stomach is
acid
histamine and heparin promote redness, swelling, and heat by
affecting blood vessel permeability and diameter
which of the following is NOT an example of innate defense?
antibodies
the major symptom of leukemia is
appearance of immature and abnormal wbcs
the blood vessels that deliver blood directly to the skeletal muscles and internal organs are
arterioles
a condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is
arteriosclerosis
the transmission of endocrine signals occurs through
blood
the vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are
capillaries
studies show that 85-90 percent of all lung cancers are the direct result of
cigarette smoking
the lymphocyte cells that are identical to one another after being activated are
clones
an organelle that is present in a mature red blood cell is the
cytoskeleton
general digestive activities during the fight or flight of the stress response will
decrease
exhalation causes the thoracic cavity volume to _______, and the air pressure inside the lungs to ________
decrease, increase
the structures that lock adjacent cells together to block pathogen entrances are
desmosomes
the apex of the heart lies superior to the
diaphragm
the oropharynx also plays an important part in the ______ system
digestive
the WBC that is involved in allergic reactions is the
eosinophil
Through the adrenal medulla, the hypothalamus stimulates release of
epinephrine and norepinephrine
which of the following is NOT a function of the upper respiratory tract?
exchanging gases with blood
which of the following is a primary respiratory muscle?
external intercostal
ACTH stimulates release of hormones controlling
glucocorticoids that affect glucose metabolism
diabetic ketoacidosis is a consequence of the inability of cells to absorb
glucose
Increased breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose is stimulated by
glycagon
hormones that regulate the activity of the gonads are known as the
gonadotropins
ADH is synthesized by the
hypothalamus
a young teen, balancing precariously on a bridge, topples and falls into icy-cold rushing water. Emergency personnel successfully pull him out, and although he is still breathing, his respiration is dangerously low and insufficient to meet normal oxygen delivery demands. what is an expected effect of this disturbance in respiratory equilibrium?
increased carbon dioxide levels in the cerebrospinal fluid
tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called
infarction
the localized general tissue response to injury is
inflammation
pancreatic beta cells produce and secrete
insulin
which of the following is a characteristic associated with a typical artery that would NOT be seen in a vein?
internal and external elastic membrane
inhaling through the nostrums is preferred over inhaling through the mouth because
it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air
the left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the _______ artery
left coronary
the difference in fluid flow into and out of capillaries is taken up by the
lymph vessels
the primary cells of the immune system are
lymphocytes
what type of membrane lines the respiratory tract
mucous
passage of antibodies from mother to baby through breast milk is an example of
naturally acquired passive immunity
Quick, short communication to specific targets is provided by
neurotransmitters
the WBC that phagocytes injured and infected tissue is the
neutrophil
Kirk has type AB blood. Which blood type would cause agglutination or cross reaction with his blood?
no blood types
the fluid lubricating the opposing surfaces of membrane in the pericardial cavity is called
pericardial cavity
melatonin is produced and secreted by the
pineal gland
the gland historically called the "master gland" is the
pituitary gland
hormones that are made by the hypothalamus are secreted by the
posterior pituitary
Common goal of endocrine and nervous system
preserve homeostasis
hormone that stimulates milk production
prolactin
the MALT is found in tissues like the small intestines to
protect the body in areas with exposure to the external environment
the circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the _______
pulmonary circuit
ventricular systole is triggered by the
purkinje fibers
TSH acts to stimulate
release of thyroid hormones
the average pH of blood falls in a range of
slightly alkaline
the organ that performs the same function for the blood that the lymph nodes perform for the lymph is the
spleen
the right atrium receives blood from the
superior and inferior vena cava
the circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the _______ circuit
systemic
the lymphatics of the head and right and right arm drain into
the right lymphatic duct
the hormone(s) that promote development of functional T cells is/are called
thymosins
the windpipe that conducts air toward the lungs
trachea
an accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called
trachycardia
relaxation of the Lowe chambers of the heart is called
ventricular diastole
the most effective way to aid venous return in the lower limbs following any surgery is to
walk to contract skeletal leg muscles