Bio 181 Module 12: Self Check

Draw concentric circles and label the four layers of the gut. Also label the hole at the inner most circle. List what is in these four layers.

4: Serosa 3: Smooth muscle cells: circular muscle layer & longitudinal muscle layer 2: Submucosa 1: Mucosa Inner Circle: Lumen

What is bile made from? And how does oatmeal reduce cholesterol levels?

Cholesterol The oats absorb the cholesterol

Write a few sentences to distinguish between digestion and absorption.

Digestion is the breaking down of food into smaller chunks. Absorption is the body intaking nutrients.

Think about feedback loops. What triggers the gall bladder to secrete bile?

Fat causes a constriction of the gallbladder, which pushes bile into the bile duct.

List the order in which storage compounds are utilized if there is no intake of food.

Glycogen Fat Proteins

90% of absorption in the intestine occurs where?

Jejunum and ileum of the small intestine

List the layers of the digestive track covered by a thick layer of mucous.

Mucosa Submucosa

In what way is the making of a primary lysosome similar to the enzymes delivered by the pancreas?

They both break down sugars, fatty acids, nucleic acids and proteins. OR the bolus of digestive

If something is called a vitamin, it cannot be made by the organism and must be taken in as a part of diet. T/F?

True

The esophagus has two distinct muscles that close off the tube. What are these called?

Upper and lower esophageal sphincter

Vitamin K cannot be made by the cells of your body. Where is it made?

bacteria in your colon

How does the pancreas neutralize the pH of the chyme that comes from the stomach?

bicarbonate ions

When amino acids are acquired by food because your body can't make them they are called:

essential amino acids

The digestive track begins with the ___________________ and the first enzyme added is ___________________.

mouth amylase

Name the main enzyme in the stomach.

pepsin

Name the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine.

pyloric sphincter

When glucose is taken in by the digestive track and enters your blood, cells are triggered to take in the glucose by what mechanism?

the release of insulin from the pancreas