Bio Exam 2
Mitochondria are found in animal cells and bacterial cells only. neither plant cells nor animal cells. both plant cells and animal cells. animal cells only. plant cells.
both plant cells and animal cells.
In photosynthesis, the light reactions ________ while the Calvin cycle ________. can occur only in the light; can occur only in the dark use products manufactured in the dark reactions; creates products used in the dark reactions can only function if the stomata are open; can only occur if the stomata are closed capture solar energy; converts the captured energy to chemical potential energy require the presence of ATP; makes ATP
capture solar energy; converts the captured energy to chemical potential energy
Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion? starch hemoglobin DNA carbon dioxide glucose
carbon dioxide
By-products of cellular respiration include - carbon dioxide and oxygen. - carbon dioxide and water. - FADH2 and NADH. - NADH and ATP. - oxygen and heat.
carbon dioxide and water.
Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are similar in that they both produce ADP. NADH. CO2. ATP. NADH and ATP.
NADH and ATP.
In C4 plants, the light reactions will stop during the daytime when the supply of what compound is limited? - CO2 - H2O - O2 - NADP+ - chlorophyll a
NADP+
Which of the following is a coenzyme? rubisco electron transport protein glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) chlorophyll a NADP+
NADP+
Which of the following is not derived from G3P? cellulose starch glucose phosphate sucrose NADP+
NADP+
Chlorophyll is to the light reactions as ________ is to the Calvin cycle. ATP synthase RuBP NADP+ carbon dioxide ATP
RuBP
Sucrose, cellulose, amino acids, and starch are all made from what starter molecule in plants? ATP fructose glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) RuBP carboxylase glucose
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
The end product of the Calvin cycle reactions is 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). glucose. ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). sucrose.
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
When a cell is in a solution where the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as in the solution, the solution is called hypotonic. osmotonic. saturated. hypertonic. isotonic.
isotonic.
Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a magnifying glass. electron microscope. unaided eye. dissecting microscope. light microscope. stopping them from being able to move.
light microscope.
Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by producing more enzymes. producing more substrates. binding substrates to a membrane. transferring electrons from one substance to another. lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.
lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.
A tadpole that is undergoing metamorphosis into a frog and losing the need for a tail would see abundant numbers of which organelle to help assist in the tail loss? vacuoles smooth endoplasmic reticulum centrioles lysosomes microtubules
lysosomes
In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in maintaining cell shape. moving organelles throughout the cell. containing DNA. producing the cytoskeleton. modifying lipids and proteins.
maintaining cell shape.
In the setup shown in the figure below, which process allows the water to move across the membrane? active transport facilitated diffusion passive transport osmosis phagocytosis
osmosis
Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration? NADH ATP carbon dioxide oxygen FADH2
oxygen
The localization of the electron transport chains to the thylakoid membrane ensures that NADP+ does not enter the thylakoid space. the energy released can be used to establish an H+ ion gradient. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) is produced in the thylakoid space. the energy released is stored in the stroma. CO2 remains in the stroma for the Calvin cycle reactions and does not enter the thylakoid space.
the energy released can be used to establish an H+ ion gradient.
What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution? water moving out of the cell the presence of a cell wall the presence of chloroplasts transport proteins, which help pump the excess water out of the cell plasma membrane
the presence of a cell wall
A poison that disrupts the H+ gradient in the thylakoid space would most likely cause which of the following to accumulate during the Calvin cycle reactions? 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) NADPH 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (BPG)
3-phosphoglycerate (3PG)
The number of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule is 26-28. 10-12. 2-4. 36-38. 10-20.
36-38.
Which of the labeled cells of a C3 leaf does not perform photosynthesis? A and D B and D A and B B and C C and D
A and D
Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities? adenosine H+ ions ATP AMP ADP
ATP
In the energy payoff phase of glycolysis, both ATP and NADH are formed. What purpose do each of these molecules serve in the cell? -ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH serves as an electron carrier to allow for greater ATP production. -ATP acts as an electron acceptor, while NADH serves as a way to break up glucose to form pyruvate -ATP acts as a way to break up glucose to form pyruvate, while NADH serves as an electron acceptor. -ATP acts as a power source for the citric acid cycle, while NADH serves as energy to run the cell. -ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH acts as a power source for photosynthesis.
ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH serves as an electron carrier to allow for greater ATP production.
The light reactions produce ________, which are used in the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle produces ________, which are in turn used in the light reactions. glucose and O2; CO2 and H2O ADP and NADH; ATP and NADPH ATP and NADPH; ADP and NADP ATP and CO2; glucose and O2 CO2 and H2O; glucose and O2
ATP and NADPH; ADP and NADP
Identify which of the following statements is not true. ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups. ATP contains the energy form used for cellular work. ATP is formed when energy is released during cell respiration. When ATP becomes ADP + P, the amount of energy released is enough for a biological purpose. ADP is low in potential energy.
ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups.
In which of the labeled cells of a C4 leaf are the Calvin cycle reactions performed? A and B C only B and C B only A and D
C only
In a high latitude rainforest, the dominant type of photosynthesis is most likely to be C3. CAM. C4. both C4 and CAM. both C3 and CAM.
C3.
A small, low-growing plant found on the surface of a sun-exposed rock on a dry hillside would most likely use which type of photosynthesis? C4 both C3 and CAM both C4 and CAM C3 CAM
CAM
Which of the following would be able to pass freely through a plasma membrane? C10H13N5O4 CO2 C6H12O6 NaOH H2O
CO2
Yeast is used to make bread rise by producing ________ during fermentation. oxygen gas heat oxygen glucose CO2 gas
CO2 gas
Which stages of the Calvin cycle reactions require the use of energy from ATP? CO2 fixation and RuBP regeneration CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and RuBP regeneration CO2 reduction and RuBP regeneration CO2 reduction and RuBP oxidation CO2 fixation and CO2 reduction
CO2 reduction and RuBP regeneration
Which of the following is an example of osmosis? The fragrance from a broken bottle of perfume travels throughout the department store. Sodium is pumped across a cell to increase its concentration on one side of the cell membrane . Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine. A bacterium in the bloodstream is engulfed by a white blood cell. Glucose is transported from our blood stream across cell membranes and into the cytoplasm.
Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine.
Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes? Multiple enzymes are not required for the pathway, but having them speed up the production of the final product. The enzymes are used up after one reaction and the molecules have to undergo multiple rearrangements. The enzymes are attached to a membrane and cannot move to the location of the new intermediate, so having a long line of enzymes to carry out the reaction allows the reaction to occur faster. Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product. The enzyme is deformed by the interaction with the substrate and needs a period of time to return to its original reactive form, so many enzymes are needed to keep the pathway going.
Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product.
Plant cells have walls but do not have plasma membranes. True False
False
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics? Energy cannot be created or destroyed. One usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into another usable form. Energy cannot be transformed. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another. One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form.
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics? Energy cannot be created or destroyed. One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form. Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another. Energy cannot be transformed.
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.
Not all molecules contain the same amount of chemical energy. What is the energy relationship between G3P and CO2? There is not enough information provided to answer the question. Neither G3P nor CO2 contain any chemical energy. G3P has less energy than CO2. G3P has more energy than CO2. G3P and CO2 have the same amount of energy.
G3P has more energy than CO2.
Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged? ribosomes rough ER plasma membrane Golgi apparatus smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle? Golgi apparatus chloroplasts lysosomes mitochondria ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
The O2 given off during photosynthesis is derived from which compound? RuBP H2O NADP+ CO2 CO2 and H2O
H2O
The light reactions of photosynthesis are said to be similar to a battery because they form a current. In which direction do the electrons of this circuit flow? PSI → electron transport chain → PSII → electron transport chain → NADPH NADPH → PSII → electron transport chain → PSI → electron transport chain → NADP+ H2O → PSII → electron transport chain → PSI → electron transport chain → NADPH NADP+ → PSII → electron transport chain → PSI → electron transport chain → NADPH H2O → PSII → chlorophyll b → PSI → chlorophyll a → NADPH
H2O → PSII → electron transport chain → PSI → electron transport chain → NADPH
Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast? It aids in intracellular digestion. It converts chemical energy into heat energy. It manufactures proteins. It converts light energy into chemical energy. It stores water.
It converts light energy into chemical energy.
Why do plants contain other pigments besides chlorophyll? When the additional pigments break down, the chlorophyll can absorb other wavelengths of light. When chlorophyll breaks down, the additional pigments can absorb the same wavelengths of light. The additional pigments are able to absorb other light wavelengths that chlorophyll cannot. The additional pigments can only absorb violet or ultraviolet light . Chlorophyll is unable to absorb visible light.
The additional pigments are able to absorb other light wavelengths that chlorophyll cannot.
The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism? The energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy. The energy taken in as kinetic energy is eventually converted into heat energy. The energy taken in as food is eventually converted into kinetic energy. The energy taken in as heat energy is eventually converted into kinetic energy. No energy in a living organism can undergo more than one transformation.
The energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy.
Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans, while cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain humans' inability to digest cellulose? The alternating bonds make the cellulose molecule too large and bulky to enter cells for digestion. The acidic molecules found in stomach acid cannot act on the bonds that are above the sugar rings in cellulose. Cellular respiration is only capable of breaking down specific bonds. The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring. Humans do not eat cellulose.
The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring.
In the setup shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe what would be observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed? The level of solution in the tube would see no change because the solute levels are equal on both sides. The level of the solution would not change as the membrane prohibits any exchange between the tube and the beaker. The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes present in the beaker than in the tube. The level of the solution in the tube would lower because the glucose and salt would move into the tube. The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.
The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.
Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction? ATP gains a phosphate group. The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP. ADP is used up in the metabolic reaction. ADP often transfers a phosphate to the reactant. ATP consumes energy from another metabolic reaction.
The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP.
What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season? Salt is in limited supply in the ecosystem and this type of overuse will make it even more so. The salt has the risk of leaching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells. Plant cells will take on excess water from the melted ice and become turgid. The deer in these areas have the danger of consuming too much of it as they forage for food. Plant root cells will grow in excess to try to reach fresh water.
The salt has the risk of leaching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells.
In the setup shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe the conditions observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed? The tube contents will be hypertonic to the beaker contents. The beaker contents will be hypotonic to the tube contents. The beaker contents will be hypertonic to the tube contents. The beaker contents and the tube contents will not have changed at all. The beaker and tube contents are isotonic to each other.
The tube contents will be hypertonic to the beaker contents.
The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How do living organisms, which depend on the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy to fuel their activities, continue to live? They excrete the disordered molecules and lose the disordered energy as heat. They must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel. They must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel and excrete waste. Living things do not obey the laws of thermodynamics. They take the disordered molecules and heat energy and use them to create new fuel.
They must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel and excrete waste.
A new species of plant is discovered and you are asked to help classify it. Upon examination under a microscope, you find that there is a layer of bundle sheath cells containing chloroplasts around the vein of the leaf of the plant. What can you tell about the plant from this information? This plant falls into the category of CAM-type plants. This plant very likely carries out C4 photosynthesis. This plant is unlike any other plant that has ever been discovered and is a completely new category of plant. This plant uses chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. This is a C3 type of plant.
This plant very likely carries out C4 photosynthesis.
The hydrophilic parts of the plasma membrane face the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm. True False
True
The product of the preparatory reaction is glucose. water. pyruvate. acetyl-CoA. carbon dioxide.
acetyl-CoA.
Which is the most common type of intercellular junction between cells of the bladder? None of these are found between cells of the bladder. gap junctions tight junctions plasmodesmata adhesion junctions
adhesion junctions
Which process is used to make bread rise? lactic acid fermentation the citric acid cycle cellular respiration alcoholic fermentation glycolysis
alcoholic fermentation
Which is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy? a candle giving off light a pile of leaves that have been burnt a skier at the bottom of the hill instead of the top of the hill an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate
an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules
Some proteins within a cell can be viewed with a light microscope. an electron microscope. the human eye. a magnifying glass. a dissecting microscope.
an electron microscope.
A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a cell from a cactus. cell from a mushroom. bacterial cell. cell from a paramecium. cell from a fish.
bacterial cell.
Which steps of photosynthesis does C4 photosynthesis partition in space? carbon fixation and Calvin cycle reactions carbon fixation and light reactions light reactions and Calvin cycle reactions 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) formation and glucose phosphate formation glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) formation and glucose phosphate formation
carbon fixation and Calvin cycle reactions
When glucose is broken down to CO2 and H2O, ________ energy is released and converted into ________.
chemical potential; ATP
As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, the energy released is used immediately to - move phosphate groups to ATP synthase. - concentrate H+ in the intermembrane space. - release CO2 to the matrix. - form ATP.
concentrate H+ in the intermembrane space.
Which of the following events does not take place in the light reactions? splitting of water, releasing an electron transfer of electrons to the reaction center of photosystem I generation of ATP from ADP + Pi generation of NADPH from NADP+ conversion of 3PG to G3P
conversion of 3PG to G3P
The figure below demonstrates which key concept regarding cell activities? enzyme inhibition active transport coupled reactions receptor-mediated endocytosis the first law of thermodynamics
coupled reactions
As climate change leads to drier and drier summers in the southeastern United States, more and more homeowners find that they have crabgrass growing in their yards. The reason for this is that crabgrass is a type of C3 plant that does well in dry climates. crabgrass is a type of cactus, so it grows better in dry climates. as the climate changes, homeowners are not caring for their yards as well. crabgrass is a type of C4 plant that does well in dry climates. crabgrass is a tropical plant that likes hot, dry climates.
crabgrass is a type of C4 plant that does well in dry climates.
Which form of passive transport allows small molecules, such as oxygen, to cross the cell membrane? pinocytosis phagocytosis osmosis diffusion plasmolysis
diffusion
A prokaryotic cell has no DNA. does not have a membrane-bound nucleus. does not have cytoplasm. is typically larger than a eukaryotic cell. does not have ribosomes.
does not have a membrane-bound nucleus.
The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pyruvate during the energy-investment phase involve the removal of -electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP. - NAD from ATP, and the addition of phosphate to ADP. - phosphate from glucose, and the addition of that phosphate to ATP. - electrons from ATP, and the addition of phosphate to glucose. - NAD from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP.
electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP.
The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pyruvate during the energy-investment phase involve the removal of NAD from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP. electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP. phosphate from glucose, and the addition of that phosphate to ATP. electrons from ATP, and the addition of phosphate to glucose. NAD from ATP, and the addition of phosphate to ADP.
electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP.
When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane thereby emptying their contents into an area that can stimulate some response. What type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms and then surfaces on the cell's plasma membrane? exocytosis osmosis pinocytosis active transport diffusion
exocytosis
Which of the following is not a mechanism used to move materials in and out of the cell? feedback inhibition facilitated diffusion osmosis active transport phagocytosis
feedback inhibition
Grana are pores that open to allow gas exchange. interconnecting stomata. flattened sacs of thylakoid membrane. enzymes that bind CO2. the sites of the Calvin cycle and production of sugars.
flattened sacs of thylakoid membrane.
The function of a photosystem is to split water to release electrons. combine hydrogen ions with an electron to form water. funnel electrons to a central chlorophyll a molecule. give off oxygen when stimulated by light. produce NADPH.
funnel electrons to a central chlorophyll a molecule.
In a redox reaction, reduction means ________, and oxidation means ________. loss of electrons; gain of electrons gain of water; loss of water gain of electrons; loss of electrons gain of protons; loss of protons loss of water; gain of water
gain of electrons; loss of electrons
Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used? proteins - ribosome DNA - nucleus mRNA - nucleus and cytoplasm glucose - lysosome rRNA - cytoplasm
glucose - lysosome
A plant that uses CAM photosynthesis is most likely to be successful in what type of environment? - cool, moist - hot, dry - cool, dry - hot, moist - semi-tropical
hot, dry
A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician on call asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient? saturated hypotonic hypertonic osmotic isotonic
hypotonic
Where within the cell is ATP produced? cytoplasm mitochondria Golgi body endoplasmic reticulum nucleus
mitochondria
Which of the following organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell that is seeking to fertilize an egg cell? mitochondria smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus ribosomes lysosomes
mitochondria
There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that doctors prescribe for infection. The antibiotic combines with the bacteria's ribosomes causing them to lose their function. Consequently, the cells die and the person gets better. In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by stopping the production of ATP energy. not allowing them to produce proteins. stopping them from being able to move. preventing them from packaging materials. stopping photosynthesis.
not allowing them to produce proteins.
CAM photosynthesis limits CO2 fixation to nighttime hours in order to allow NADPH and ATP to enter leaf spaces. allow water to enter leaf spaces during the daylight hours. limit the Calvin cycle reactions to nighttime only. open stomata only at night, limiting water loss because of heat and low humidity. limit water uptake from the soil during daytime hours.
open stomata only at night, limiting water loss because of heat and low humidity.
The nucleus has a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus, the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes. To exit the nucleus, these molecules must be transported across the two membranes by means of vesicles. attach to carrier molecules that carry them through the membrane. pass through carrier proteins which use ATP to transport the molecules. diffuse through the double membrane into the cytoplasm. pass through pores that span both membranes.
pass through pores that span both membranes.
Which of the types of cellular activities listed below would not use ATP? flagella movement muscular contraction active transport protein synthesis passive transport
passive transport
When you exhale, what two stages of cellular respiration produce the carbon dioxide you are breathing out? citric acid cycle and electron transport chain preparatory reaction and citric acid cycle glycolysis and preparatory reaction glycolysis and citric acid cycle preparatory reaction and electron transport chain
preparatory reaction and citric acid cycle
Both plants & animals need mitochondria to produce ATP. manufacture phospholipids. break down proteins. produce lipids. produce glucose.
produce ATP.
Which of the following is not a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells? helps cells have flexibility enables cells to migrate along intracellular fibers produces numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cell to cell creates a variety of consistencies for cells to live in, from flexible cartilage to solid bone permits communication between the extracellular matrix and the cells
produces numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cell to cell
A product of glycolysis is acetyl-CoA. oxygen. pyruvate. ethyl alcohol. lactic acid.
pyruvate.
Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule? exocytosis osmosis facilitated diffusion passive transport receptor-mediated endocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
The addition of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms to a substrate is called what? oxidation an enzyme-substrate complex metabolism phosphorylation reduction
reduction
What is oxidation? the addition of ATP to a molecule removal of H+ ions to form new molecules oxygen production the production of ATP by the use of carbon dioxide addition of H+ ions to form molecules
removal of H+ ions to form new molecules
Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane? lysosomes ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion chloroplast
ribosomes
Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell? rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane Golgi apparatus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane Golgi apparatus - ribosome - plasma membrane smooth endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane - Golgi apparatus - ribosome nucleus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane
Which of the following is an incorrect match? lysosomes - cellular digestion ribosomes - protein synthesis mitochondria - production of cellular ATP Golgi apparatus - protein alteration and packaging smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water
Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function. cilia movement the size of the nucleus the ability to photosynthesize the number of microvilli surface-area-to-volume ratio
surface-area-to-volume ratio
The innermost compartment of a chloroplast formed by the interconnected thylakoids is the - thylakoid space. - leaf space. - stroma. - thylakoid membrane. -chlorophyll
thylakoid space.
The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity? to allow one cell to recognize another of the same type or from the same body to attach to the cytoskeleton on the interior of the cell and maintain the cell in a position relative to other cells to catalyze reactions that are crucial to the cell's functioning to maintain the membrane's fluidity to transport molecules across the membrane
to allow one cell to recognize another of the same type or from the same body
The Calvin cycle reactions only occur in bundle sheath cells in a C4 plant because rubisco is only found in mesophyll cells. so that they are adjacent to stomata. to shield the Calvin cycle reactions from O2 in the leaf spaces. so that H2O is not available to mesophyll cells. to allow O2 to enter bundle sheath cells.
to shield the Calvin cycle reactions from O2 in the leaf spaces.
In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind? to the enzyme of the first reaction to the substrate of the first reaction to a substrate or the product of the last reaction to the enzyme of the last reaction to the product of the first reaction
to the enzyme of the first reaction
Receptor proteins transmit information from outside the cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli. only function in very specific cell types that receive sensory information. receive incoming nutrients and store them until they are needed by the cell. are found embedded in the nuclear membrane and transmit information to the cell's cytoplasm on how to make a protein from the DNA. receive large molecules and transmit them through the membrane.
transmit information from outside the cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli.
