Bio Exam Three Quizzes
Lipid-soluble steroid hormones are synthesized from
Cholesterol
Blood pressure is the force that
- Blood exerts on the walls of the arteries
Why would HIV infection lead to immunodeficiency?
- HIV infects helper T cells.
Animals that eat only plants are
- Herbivores.
The cellular components of blood that destroy foreign substances are
- Leukocytes
Air moves into the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is __________________ than the air pressure outside of the lungs. This occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm _______________.
- Lower; contract
Tendons are connective tissues that connect _____ to _____.
- Muscle; bone
Why couldn't a human absorb enough oxygen through their skin like sea anemones are able to?
- Our surface area to volume is too low for oxygen to reach all tissues.
Aerobic respiration consumes ____________ gas and generates ___________________ gas as a waste product.
- Oxygen; carbon dioxide
The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the
- Pancreas
Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?
- Pelvic girdle
In animals, a common light-sensitive pigment that absorbs light and changes shape, thereby altering the charge across the membrane of a photoreceptor is
- Rhodopsin
Which of the following causes a muscle cell to contract?
- The bending of myosin heads attached to actin
Blood calcium levels are regulated by hormones secreted from the parathyroid and thyroid. When blood calcium is low, which of the following would be stimulated by the parathyroid?
- Uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and reabsorption from the urine by the kidney
Animals that hunt and eat essentially only other animals are
- carnivores
The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing, thereby preventing food from entering the air passage way, is the
- epiglottis.
Insulin is
- produced by the pancreas - used to treat diabetes mellitus - produced by beta cells - produced by islets of Langerhans
The skeleton functions in
- production of blood cells - supporting the body - protecting the body. - Movement
A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a/n
- vaccination.
Animals that consume decaying organic matter as their main source of food are
-Detritivores
Histamine triggers vasodilation and leakiness in blood vessels during inflammation. Why would this be beneficial in fighting an infection by a pathogen?
-White blood cells can move into infected tissue
If an individual has his/her gall bladder removed, he/she is typically put on a low fat diet. Which of the following would explain this recommendation?
-bile acids cannot be released following a meal
Air moves into the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is __________________ than the air pressure outside of the lungs. This occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm _______________.
-lower, contract
Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?
-stomach
Animals that strain their food from particles in water are termed _____ feeders.
-suspension
The percentage of carbon dioxide in inhaled air at sea level is about
.03%
The energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water from 14.5oC 15.5oC under controlled conditions is
1 kilocalorie.
The percentage of oxygen in inhaled air at sea level is about
20%
If blood pressure is too high, the brain _________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.
Decrease, dilate
The neurotransmitter that is released at a neuromuscular junction that stimulates muscle contraction is
Acetylcholine
A thin filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein
Actin
If a person has been prescribed eyeglasses with converging lenses it is most likely to correct for that person
Being farsighted
If an individual has his/her gall bladder removed, he/she is typically put on a low fat diet. Which of the following would explain this recommendation?
Bile acids cannot be released following a meal.
Receptors for the general senses are
found throughout the body.
Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
gall bladder
• Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
gall bladder
In aquatic organisms, highly folded structures that exchange gases directly with water are
gills
The hormone that stimulates liver cells to release stored glucose is
glucagon.
Cardiac output may increase by a
greater than normal stroke volume and heart rate.
If a person has been prescribed eyeglasses with uneven lenses it is most likely to correct for that person
having astigmatism.
HIV-positive people track the progress of their disease with blood tests that measure the number of
helper T cells.
lymphocytes
helper T cells.
The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is
hemoglobin
The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is
hemoglobin.
Biochemicals produced in a gland that travel through the bloodstream and alter the metabolism of specific target cells are
hormones
the type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is
hydrostatic skeleton
The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a/n
hydrostatic skeleton.
Which of the following is a trend observed in the evolution of lungs in vertebrates?
increased surface area
If blood pressure is too low, the brain __________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.
increases; constrict
The type of neuron that connects one neuron to another within the central nervous system is the
interneuron.
The part of the eye that regulates the size of the opening for light coming into the eye is the
iris
9. Hemoglobin is a/n _____-rich pigment that carries oxygen.
iron
Hemoglobin is a/n _____-rich pigment that carries oxygen
iron
An area where two bones meet is called a
joint
Which of the following would be the primary target for antidiruetic hormone (ADH)?
kidney
The adrenal glands are located "on top" of the
kidneys
The enzyme that breaks down the main sugar found in milk is
lactase.
The main site of water and mineral absorption in the human digestive system is the
large intestine
The part of the eye that focuses light onto a sheet of photoreceptors is the
lens
Which of the following produces bile?
liver
Colorblindness would be caused by which of the following?
loss of cones
B cells and T cells are
lymphocytes
In humans, which of the following is used primarily to detect touch and vibration?
mechanoreceptors
Tendons are connective tissues that connect _____ to _____.
muscle;bone
A thick filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein
myosin
A thick filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein
myosin.
The short intervals between Schwann cells along axons are called
nodes of Ranvier.
Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with
obesity.
The nerve that conducts impulses to the area of the brain that determines sight is the
optic nerve
A condition in which bones become less dense is
osteoporosis.
Aerobic respiration consumes ____________ gas and generates ___________________ gas as a waste product.
oxygen; carbon dioxide
The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the
pancreas
The endocrine gland that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is the
parathyroid gland
The endocrine gland that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is the
parathyroid gland.
Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?
pelvic girdle
An enzyme that breaks down protein is
pepsin.
In a neuron at rest,
potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.
Insulin is
produced by the pancreas. used to treat diabetes mellitus. produced by islets of Langerhans. produced by beta cells.
Functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton include
production of blood cells and storage of calcium.
When blood calcium is high, which of the following would be stimulated by the thyroid?
uptake of calcium by bone by osteoblasts
The part of the eye that serves as the opening for light to enter into the eye is the
pupil
Diastolic pressure reflects the
relaxation of the ventricles
The state of a neuron when it is not conducting a nerve impulse is a/n
resting potential of -70 millivolts
The part of the eye that is a sheet of photoreceptors at the back of the eye is the
retina
Which of the following is not a disease of the respiratory system?
rheumatoid arthritis
In animals, a common light-sensitive pigment that absorbs light and changes shape, thereby altering the charge across the membrane of a photoreceptor is
rhodopsin
In animals, a common light-sensitive pigment that absorbs light and changes shape, thereby altering the charge across the membrane of a photoreceptor is
rhodopsin.
Which of the following animals can get the oxygen they need by diffusion of the gas across the surface of their body, and can distribute oxygen without the need of a specialized circulatory system?
sea anemones and flatworms
The cells that detect internal and external conditions are
sensors
The cells that detect internal and external conditions are
sensors.
A phenomenon in which sensations become less noticeable with prolonged exposure is called
sensory adaptation
The type of neuron that brings information toward the central nervous system is the
sensory neuron.
The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are
sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons
Olfaction is the sense of
smell
During action potential
sodium ions rush into the cell, switching the potential to +35 millivolts
in myelinated axons, _____ ions can diffuse _____ the axon only at nodes of Ranvier.
sodium; into
The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the _____ system.
somatic
Nodes of Ranivar are intervals between Schwann cells that __________ the conduction of nerve impulses
speed
The instrument that measures blood pressure is the
sphygmomanometer.
Acid reflux would occur under which of the following conditions?
stomach contents leak into esophagus
Animals that live in their food and eat it from the inside are termed _____ feeders.
substrate
The junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called
synapses
he junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called
synapses
Rheumatoid arthritis is caused when what part of a joint becomes swollen and inflamed?
synovial fluid
Which of the following senses would utilize chemoreceptors?
taste
The endocrine gland that produces primarily testosterone is the
testes
The fluid that cleanses and nourishes the cornea and lens of the eye is
the aqueous humor
Which of the following causes a muscle cell to contract?
the bending of myosin heads attached to actin
The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a/n
Hydrostatic skeleton
Where are blood cells produced?
In red marrow inside of bones
The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector is the
Motor neuron
The part of the brain that controls the qualities of what we consider the "mind" is the
Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.
Which of the following best describes how a neuron fires?
Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.
When a snake flicks its tongue, the tips of the forked tongue pass through openings in the palate and contact sensory cells in the snout. How would this help a snake detect its prey?
Odor molecules from the prey are brought to the snake's receptors.
Why couldn't a human absorb enough oxygen through their skin like sea anemones are able to?
Our surface area to volume is too low for oxygen to reach all tissues
The maximum size of an insect is limited by respiration. Which of the following is the best explanation for this statement?
Oxygen cannot diffuse very far through tissues.
Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin
In humans, which of the following is used primarily to detect light?
Photoreceptor
The hormone oxytocin is produced by the _____________________ and targets the _________________.
Posterior pituitary, mammary gland
The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the _____ system
Somatic
he fluid that cleanses and nourishes the cornea and lens of the eye is
The aqueous humor
Each year there are an estimated 250,000 people who could benefit from a bone marrow transplant. What would happen to a patient who no longer had active bone marrow?
The patient would be immunocompromised.
People who contract HIV engage in risky behavior that causes them to get other infections and cancer. AIDS is not caused by HIV, so HIV could be causing the other infections. Their immune systems are suppressed. HIV triggers an autoimmune response. An AIDS patient's immune system is very strong since it is fighting the HIV infection.
Their immune systems are suppressed.
Why would AIDS patients infected with HIV be at risk for opportunistic infections and rare cancers?
Their immune systems are suppressed.
Which of the following is not typically a characteristic of steroid hormones
They bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell
The lower respiratory tract consists of the
Trachea and lungs
You have 20 million olfactory cells and 10 thousand taste buds. Which of the following is true about your sense of smell and taste?
You can distinguish hundreds of smells and only five tastes.
Which of the following is not one of the special senses?
touch
In arthropods, the extensively branched internal tubules that connect to the atmosphere through the exoskeleton are
tracheae.
The endocrine gland that produces hormones related to the sympathetic nervous system and steroids that help regulate body fluids is the
adrenal gland
Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense include
all answers are correct
The small air sacs of the lungs are the
alveoli
Vertebrates with a three-chambered heart include
amphibians
The enzyme that breaks down starch is
amylase.
The simplest animals with a closed circulatory system are
annelids.
The hormone that primarily maintains the composition of body fluids is
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following is not a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The hormone that primarily maintains the composition of body fluids is
antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a/n
antigen.
Peptide hormones
are typically water-soluble
Blood transports the most carbon dioxide by which of the following?
as bicarbonate ions
A respiratory disease caused by an allergic response that causes spasms in the smooth muscle of the lung's bronchi is
asthma.
the upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the
atria
The upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the
atria.
A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is called anemia.
true
All of our body's hormones are products of the endocrine system.
true
An eating disorder in which a person refuses to maintain a normal body weight through starvation is anorexia nervosa.
true
Capillary beds are networks of capillaries that connect arterioles and venules.
true
During an action potential, sodium ions pour into the cell.
true
In an autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks the body's self antigens
true
In an autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks the body's self antigens.
true
In an open circulatory system, the heart pumps fluid through open-ended vessels into spaces where the fluid bathes the body's cells.
true
Ligaments connect bone to bone.
true
Lipid-soluble hormones move easily through the cell membrane.
true
Motor neurons stimulate muscle contraction by releasing acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction
true
Neurotransmitters released from a presynaptic cell must travel across a tiny space called a synaptic cleft.
true
The anatomical arrangement in which two adjacent currents flow in opposite directions and exchange materials with each other is called countercurrent exchange.
true
The device that is used to measure a person's blood pressure is a sphygmomanometer
true
The device that is used to measure a person's blood pressure is a sphygmomanometer.
true
If a person has been prescribed eyeglasses with converging lenses it is most likely to correct for that person
being farsighted.
Vertebrates with a four-chambered heart include
birds
• Vertebrates with a four-chambered heart include
birds
The point where the optic nerve exits the retina is called the
blind spot
The point where the optic nerve exits the retina is called the
blind spot.
Hyperthyroidism
can cause elevated heart rate
Hyperthyroidism
can cause elevated heart rate.
Smelling food causes a hungry person to salivate. Which of the following begins to be digested in saliva?
carbohydrates
In the pulmonary circulation, ___________________ is expelled from the blood and _________________ is picked up.
carbon dioxide, oxygen
In the pulmonary circulation, ___________________ is expelled from the blood and _________________ is picked up
carbon dioxide; oxygen
The lining of both the stomach and small intestines is protected from digestive enzymes by a mucus secretion.
true
An Australian redback spider that eats her mate is which of the following?
carnivore
The process by which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton in order to grow is called molting
true
The process by which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton in order to grow is called molting.
true
The retina transduces light energy into action potentials.
true
The semifluid mass of food and gastric juice in the human stomach is termed
chyme.
Bacteria trapped in mucus in the lower respiratory tract are literally swept up and out of the lower respiratory tract by waving
cillia
Chondrocytes produce which of the following?
collagen and elastin
The part of the eye that detects color is the
cone cells
In a coronary bypass, which of the following is being bypassed?
coronary arteries
The primary function of a vaccine is to
create immunological memory without causing disease.
The function of bile is to
emulsify fats.
The type of skeleton that is an internal support structure is a/n
endoskeleton.
A phagocyte is a cell that
engulfs other cells and debris.
The hormone produced by the adrenal gland that constricts blood vessels and slows digestion is
epinephrine
People having severe allergic reactions to bee stings and specific foods should carry with them a self-injectable dose of
epinephrine.
The muscular tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach is the
esophagus.
A pheromone is a volatile chemical substance that elicits a specific response in members of a different species.
false
A typical blood pressure reading for a young adult is 80/120.
false
An increase in the number of red blood cells is called anemia.
false
If a person has type O blood they have both the A and B markers on their red blood cells.
false
Rod cells provide color vision and allow us to see at night
false
Rod cells provide color vision and allow us to see at night.
false
The atmospheric gas that is in the highest concentration in inhaled air at sea level is oxygen.
false
The human small intestine is shorter than the large intestine.
false
The pancreas functions as an endocrine gland by producing and secreting digestive enzymes
false
The pancreas functions as an endocrine gland by producing and secreting digestive enzymes.
false
The pyloric sphincter lies between the small intestine and large intestine, thereby controlling the movement of food into the large intestine.
false
The anatomical arrangement in which two adjacent currents flow in opposite directions and exchange materials with each other is found in the respiratory systems of which of the following
fish
Vertebrates with a two-chambered heart include
fish.
Animals that drink their food are termed _____ feeders.
fluid
The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are
veins
Tiny finger-like projections along the lining of the small intestine that are used to absorb nutrients are
villi
Which of the following is not one of the general senses?
vision
One of the main reasons that we exhale a higher percentage of carbon dioxide than we inhale is,
we produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct of aerobic respiration.
• Air moves into the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is _________ than the air pressure outside of the lungs. This occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm _________.
• lower; contract
• Blood transports the most carbon dioxide by which of the following?
◦ As bicarbonate ions
• Botulism is caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which produces the toxin Botox. How would Botox be useful in removing wrinkles?
◦ By preventing muscles from contracting
• Rheumatoid arthritis is caused when what part of a joint becomes swollen and inflamed?
◦ Synovial fluid
• When blood calcium is high, which of the following would be stimulated by the thyroid?
◦ Uptake of calcium by bone by osteoblasts
• The hormone prolactin is produced by the _________ and targets the _________.
◦ anterior pituitary; mammary glands
• A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed an
◦ antigen
• Blood pressure is the force that
◦ blood exerts on the walls of the arteries
• The small vessels from which water and dissolved substances diffuse between the blood and interstital fluid are
◦ capillaries
• The most important signal that the brain uses to set the breathing rate is the level of blood
◦ carbon dioxide
• At the snail-shaped _________, sound is transduced into nerve impulses
◦ cochlea
• People having severe allergic reactions to bee stings and specific foods should carry with them a self-injectable dose of
◦ epinephrine
• Receptors for the general senses are
◦ found throughout the body
• If blood pressure is too low, the brain ________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to __________.
◦ increases; constrict
• The enzyme that breaks down the main sugar found in milk is
◦ lactase
• The upper respiratory tract is composed of the
◦ nose, pharynx, and larynx