Bio Exam Three Quizzes

Lipid-soluble steroid hormones are synthesized from

Cholesterol

Blood pressure is the force that

- Blood exerts on the walls of the arteries

Why would HIV infection lead to immunodeficiency?

- HIV infects helper T cells.

Animals that eat only plants are

- Herbivores.

The cellular components of blood that destroy foreign substances are

- Leukocytes

Air moves into the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is __________________ than the air pressure outside of the lungs. This occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm _______________.

- Lower; contract

Tendons are connective tissues that connect _____ to _____.

- Muscle; bone

Why couldn't a human absorb enough oxygen through their skin like sea anemones are able to?

- Our surface area to volume is too low for oxygen to reach all tissues.

Aerobic respiration consumes ____________ gas and generates ___________________ gas as a waste product.

- Oxygen; carbon dioxide

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the

- Pancreas

Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?

- Pelvic girdle

In animals, a common light-sensitive pigment that absorbs light and changes shape, thereby altering the charge across the membrane of a photoreceptor is

- Rhodopsin

Which of the following causes a muscle cell to contract?

- The bending of myosin heads attached to actin

Blood calcium levels are regulated by hormones secreted from the parathyroid and thyroid. When blood calcium is low, which of the following would be stimulated by the parathyroid?

- Uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and reabsorption from the urine by the kidney

Animals that hunt and eat essentially only other animals are

- carnivores

The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing, thereby preventing food from entering the air passage way, is the

- epiglottis.

Insulin is

- produced by the pancreas - used to treat diabetes mellitus - produced by beta cells - produced by islets of Langerhans

The skeleton functions in

- production of blood cells - supporting the body - protecting the body. - Movement

A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a/n

- vaccination.

Animals that consume decaying organic matter as their main source of food are

-Detritivores

Histamine triggers vasodilation and leakiness in blood vessels during inflammation. Why would this be beneficial in fighting an infection by a pathogen?

-White blood cells can move into infected tissue

If an individual has his/her gall bladder removed, he/she is typically put on a low fat diet. Which of the following would explain this recommendation?

-bile acids cannot be released following a meal

Air moves into the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is __________________ than the air pressure outside of the lungs. This occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm _______________.

-lower, contract

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

-stomach

Animals that strain their food from particles in water are termed _____ feeders.

-suspension

The percentage of carbon dioxide in inhaled air at sea level is about

.03%

The energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water from 14.5oC 15.5oC under controlled conditions is

1 kilocalorie.

The percentage of oxygen in inhaled air at sea level is about

20%

If blood pressure is too high, the brain _________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.

Decrease, dilate

The neurotransmitter that is released at a neuromuscular junction that stimulates muscle contraction is

Acetylcholine

A thin filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein

Actin

If a person has been prescribed eyeglasses with converging lenses it is most likely to correct for that person

Being farsighted

If an individual has his/her gall bladder removed, he/she is typically put on a low fat diet. Which of the following would explain this recommendation?

Bile acids cannot be released following a meal.

Receptors for the general senses are

found throughout the body.

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

gall bladder

• Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

gall bladder

In aquatic organisms, highly folded structures that exchange gases directly with water are

gills

The hormone that stimulates liver cells to release stored glucose is

glucagon.

Cardiac output may increase by a

greater than normal stroke volume and heart rate.

If a person has been prescribed eyeglasses with uneven lenses it is most likely to correct for that person

having astigmatism.

HIV-positive people track the progress of their disease with blood tests that measure the number of

helper T cells.

lymphocytes

helper T cells.

The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is

hemoglobin

The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is

hemoglobin.

Biochemicals produced in a gland that travel through the bloodstream and alter the metabolism of specific target cells are

hormones

the type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is

hydrostatic skeleton

The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a/n

hydrostatic skeleton.

Which of the following is a trend observed in the evolution of lungs in vertebrates?

increased surface area

If blood pressure is too low, the brain __________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.

increases; constrict

The type of neuron that connects one neuron to another within the central nervous system is the

interneuron.

The part of the eye that regulates the size of the opening for light coming into the eye is the

iris

9. Hemoglobin is a/n _____-rich pigment that carries oxygen.

iron

Hemoglobin is a/n _____-rich pigment that carries oxygen

iron

An area where two bones meet is called a

joint

Which of the following would be the primary target for antidiruetic hormone (ADH)?

kidney

The adrenal glands are located "on top" of the

kidneys

The enzyme that breaks down the main sugar found in milk is

lactase.

The main site of water and mineral absorption in the human digestive system is the

large intestine

The part of the eye that focuses light onto a sheet of photoreceptors is the

lens

Which of the following produces bile?

liver

Colorblindness would be caused by which of the following?

loss of cones

B cells and T cells are

lymphocytes

In humans, which of the following is used primarily to detect touch and vibration?

mechanoreceptors

Tendons are connective tissues that connect _____ to _____.

muscle;bone

A thick filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein

myosin

A thick filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein

myosin.

The short intervals between Schwann cells along axons are called

nodes of Ranvier.

Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with

obesity.

The nerve that conducts impulses to the area of the brain that determines sight is the

optic nerve

A condition in which bones become less dense is

osteoporosis.

Aerobic respiration consumes ____________ gas and generates ___________________ gas as a waste product.

oxygen; carbon dioxide

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the

pancreas

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is the

parathyroid gland

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is the

parathyroid gland.

Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?

pelvic girdle

An enzyme that breaks down protein is

pepsin.

In a neuron at rest,

potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.

Insulin is

produced by the pancreas. used to treat diabetes mellitus. produced by islets of Langerhans. produced by beta cells.

Functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton include

production of blood cells and storage of calcium.

When blood calcium is high, which of the following would be stimulated by the thyroid?

uptake of calcium by bone by osteoblasts

The part of the eye that serves as the opening for light to enter into the eye is the

pupil

Diastolic pressure reflects the

relaxation of the ventricles

The state of a neuron when it is not conducting a nerve impulse is a/n

resting potential of -70 millivolts

The part of the eye that is a sheet of photoreceptors at the back of the eye is the

retina

Which of the following is not a disease of the respiratory system?

rheumatoid arthritis

In animals, a common light-sensitive pigment that absorbs light and changes shape, thereby altering the charge across the membrane of a photoreceptor is

rhodopsin

In animals, a common light-sensitive pigment that absorbs light and changes shape, thereby altering the charge across the membrane of a photoreceptor is

rhodopsin.

Which of the following animals can get the oxygen they need by diffusion of the gas across the surface of their body, and can distribute oxygen without the need of a specialized circulatory system?

sea anemones and flatworms

The cells that detect internal and external conditions are

sensors

The cells that detect internal and external conditions are

sensors.

A phenomenon in which sensations become less noticeable with prolonged exposure is called

sensory adaptation

The type of neuron that brings information toward the central nervous system is the

sensory neuron.

The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are

sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons

Olfaction is the sense of

smell

During action potential

sodium ions rush into the cell, switching the potential to +35 millivolts

in myelinated axons, _____ ions can diffuse _____ the axon only at nodes of Ranvier.

sodium; into

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the _____ system.

somatic

Nodes of Ranivar are intervals between Schwann cells that __________ the conduction of nerve impulses

speed

The instrument that measures blood pressure is the

sphygmomanometer.

Acid reflux would occur under which of the following conditions?

stomach contents leak into esophagus

Animals that live in their food and eat it from the inside are termed _____ feeders.

substrate

The junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called

synapses

he junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called

synapses

Rheumatoid arthritis is caused when what part of a joint becomes swollen and inflamed?

synovial fluid

Which of the following senses would utilize chemoreceptors?

taste

The endocrine gland that produces primarily testosterone is the

testes

The fluid that cleanses and nourishes the cornea and lens of the eye is

the aqueous humor

Which of the following causes a muscle cell to contract?

the bending of myosin heads attached to actin

The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a/n

Hydrostatic skeleton

Where are blood cells produced?

In red marrow inside of bones

The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector is the

Motor neuron

The part of the brain that controls the qualities of what we consider the "mind" is the

Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.

Which of the following best describes how a neuron fires?

Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.

When a snake flicks its tongue, the tips of the forked tongue pass through openings in the palate and contact sensory cells in the snout. How would this help a snake detect its prey?

Odor molecules from the prey are brought to the snake's receptors.

Why couldn't a human absorb enough oxygen through their skin like sea anemones are able to?

Our surface area to volume is too low for oxygen to reach all tissues

The maximum size of an insect is limited by respiration. Which of the following is the best explanation for this statement?

Oxygen cannot diffuse very far through tissues.

Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin

In humans, which of the following is used primarily to detect light?

Photoreceptor

The hormone oxytocin is produced by the _____________________ and targets the _________________.

Posterior pituitary, mammary gland

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the _____ system

Somatic

he fluid that cleanses and nourishes the cornea and lens of the eye is

The aqueous humor

Each year there are an estimated 250,000 people who could benefit from a bone marrow transplant. What would happen to a patient who no longer had active bone marrow?

The patient would be immunocompromised.

People who contract HIV engage in risky behavior that causes them to get other infections and cancer. AIDS is not caused by HIV, so HIV could be causing the other infections. Their immune systems are suppressed. HIV triggers an autoimmune response. An AIDS patient's immune system is very strong since it is fighting the HIV infection.

Their immune systems are suppressed.

Why would AIDS patients infected with HIV be at risk for opportunistic infections and rare cancers?

Their immune systems are suppressed.

Which of the following is not typically a characteristic of steroid hormones

They bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell

The lower respiratory tract consists of the

Trachea and lungs

You have 20 million olfactory cells and 10 thousand taste buds. Which of the following is true about your sense of smell and taste?

You can distinguish hundreds of smells and only five tastes.

Which of the following is not one of the special senses?

touch

In arthropods, the extensively branched internal tubules that connect to the atmosphere through the exoskeleton are

tracheae.

The endocrine gland that produces hormones related to the sympathetic nervous system and steroids that help regulate body fluids is the

adrenal gland

Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense include

all answers are correct

The small air sacs of the lungs are the

alveoli

Vertebrates with a three-chambered heart include

amphibians

The enzyme that breaks down starch is

amylase.

The simplest animals with a closed circulatory system are

annelids.

The hormone that primarily maintains the composition of body fluids is

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following is not a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The hormone that primarily maintains the composition of body fluids is

antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a/n

antigen.

Peptide hormones

are typically water-soluble

Blood transports the most carbon dioxide by which of the following?

as bicarbonate ions

A respiratory disease caused by an allergic response that causes spasms in the smooth muscle of the lung's bronchi is

asthma.

the upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the

atria

The upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the

atria.

A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is called anemia.

true

All of our body's hormones are products of the endocrine system.

true

An eating disorder in which a person refuses to maintain a normal body weight through starvation is anorexia nervosa.

true

Capillary beds are networks of capillaries that connect arterioles and venules.

true

During an action potential, sodium ions pour into the cell.

true

In an autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks the body's self antigens

true

In an autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks the body's self antigens.

true

In an open circulatory system, the heart pumps fluid through open-ended vessels into spaces where the fluid bathes the body's cells.

true

Ligaments connect bone to bone.

true

Lipid-soluble hormones move easily through the cell membrane.

true

Motor neurons stimulate muscle contraction by releasing acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction

true

Neurotransmitters released from a presynaptic cell must travel across a tiny space called a synaptic cleft.

true

The anatomical arrangement in which two adjacent currents flow in opposite directions and exchange materials with each other is called countercurrent exchange.

true

The device that is used to measure a person's blood pressure is a sphygmomanometer

true

The device that is used to measure a person's blood pressure is a sphygmomanometer.

true

If a person has been prescribed eyeglasses with converging lenses it is most likely to correct for that person

being farsighted.

Vertebrates with a four-chambered heart include

birds

• Vertebrates with a four-chambered heart include

birds

The point where the optic nerve exits the retina is called the

blind spot

The point where the optic nerve exits the retina is called the

blind spot.

Hyperthyroidism

can cause elevated heart rate

Hyperthyroidism

can cause elevated heart rate.

Smelling food causes a hungry person to salivate. Which of the following begins to be digested in saliva?

carbohydrates

In the pulmonary circulation, ___________________ is expelled from the blood and _________________ is picked up.

carbon dioxide, oxygen

In the pulmonary circulation, ___________________ is expelled from the blood and _________________ is picked up

carbon dioxide; oxygen

The lining of both the stomach and small intestines is protected from digestive enzymes by a mucus secretion.

true

An Australian redback spider that eats her mate is which of the following?

carnivore

The process by which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton in order to grow is called molting

true

The process by which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton in order to grow is called molting.

true

The retina transduces light energy into action potentials.

true

The semifluid mass of food and gastric juice in the human stomach is termed

chyme.

Bacteria trapped in mucus in the lower respiratory tract are literally swept up and out of the lower respiratory tract by waving

cillia

Chondrocytes produce which of the following?

collagen and elastin

The part of the eye that detects color is the

cone cells

In a coronary bypass, which of the following is being bypassed?

coronary arteries

The primary function of a vaccine is to

create immunological memory without causing disease.

The function of bile is to

emulsify fats.

The type of skeleton that is an internal support structure is a/n

endoskeleton.

A phagocyte is a cell that

engulfs other cells and debris.

The hormone produced by the adrenal gland that constricts blood vessels and slows digestion is

epinephrine

People having severe allergic reactions to bee stings and specific foods should carry with them a self-injectable dose of

epinephrine.

The muscular tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach is the

esophagus.

A pheromone is a volatile chemical substance that elicits a specific response in members of a different species.

false

A typical blood pressure reading for a young adult is 80/120.

false

An increase in the number of red blood cells is called anemia.

false

If a person has type O blood they have both the A and B markers on their red blood cells.

false

Rod cells provide color vision and allow us to see at night

false

Rod cells provide color vision and allow us to see at night.

false

The atmospheric gas that is in the highest concentration in inhaled air at sea level is oxygen.

false

The human small intestine is shorter than the large intestine.

false

The pancreas functions as an endocrine gland by producing and secreting digestive enzymes

false

The pancreas functions as an endocrine gland by producing and secreting digestive enzymes.

false

The pyloric sphincter lies between the small intestine and large intestine, thereby controlling the movement of food into the large intestine.

false

The anatomical arrangement in which two adjacent currents flow in opposite directions and exchange materials with each other is found in the respiratory systems of which of the following

fish

Vertebrates with a two-chambered heart include

fish.

Animals that drink their food are termed _____ feeders.

fluid

The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are

veins

Tiny finger-like projections along the lining of the small intestine that are used to absorb nutrients are

villi

Which of the following is not one of the general senses?

vision

One of the main reasons that we exhale a higher percentage of carbon dioxide than we inhale is,

we produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct of aerobic respiration.

• Air moves into the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is _________ than the air pressure outside of the lungs. This occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm _________.

• lower; contract

• Blood transports the most carbon dioxide by which of the following?

◦ As bicarbonate ions

• Botulism is caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which produces the toxin Botox. How would Botox be useful in removing wrinkles?

◦ By preventing muscles from contracting

• Rheumatoid arthritis is caused when what part of a joint becomes swollen and inflamed?

◦ Synovial fluid

• When blood calcium is high, which of the following would be stimulated by the thyroid?

◦ Uptake of calcium by bone by osteoblasts

• The hormone prolactin is produced by the _________ and targets the _________.

◦ anterior pituitary; mammary glands

• A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed an

◦ antigen

• Blood pressure is the force that

◦ blood exerts on the walls of the arteries

• The small vessels from which water and dissolved substances diffuse between the blood and interstital fluid are

◦ capillaries

• The most important signal that the brain uses to set the breathing rate is the level of blood

◦ carbon dioxide

• At the snail-shaped _________, sound is transduced into nerve impulses

◦ cochlea

• People having severe allergic reactions to bee stings and specific foods should carry with them a self-injectable dose of

◦ epinephrine

• Receptors for the general senses are

◦ found throughout the body

• If blood pressure is too low, the brain ________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to __________.

◦ increases; constrict

• The enzyme that breaks down the main sugar found in milk is

◦ lactase

• The upper respiratory tract is composed of the

◦ nose, pharynx, and larynx