Bio Final- Ch. 6

Which of the following statements incorrectly describes common structural features of an animal secretory cell and a photosynthetic plant cell? a. Both cells have Golgi apparatus. d. Both cells have a plasma membrane. b. Both cells have mitochondria. e. Both cells have a nucleus. c. Both cells have chloroplasts.

...c. Both cells have chloroplasts.

Which of the following structures is common to plant and animal cells? a. chloroplast d. mitochondrion b. wall made of cellulose e. centriole c. tonoplast.

...d. mitochondrion

plasma membrane A. a feature of all cells B. found in prokaryotic cells only C. found in eukaryotic cells only D. found in plant cells only E. found in animal cells only

A. a feature of all cells

contains hydrolytic enzymes A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

A. lysosome

helps to recycle the cell's organic material A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

A. lysosome

nucleoid A. a feature of all cells B. found in prokaryotic cells only C. found in eukaryotic cells only D. found in plant cells only E. found in animal cells only

B. found in prokaryotic cells only

a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

B. vacuole

a versatile plant compartment that may hold reserves of organic compounds or inorganic ions A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

B. vacuole

contains its own DNA and ribosomes A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

C. mitochondrion

one of the main energy transformers of cells A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

C. mitochondrion

tonoplast A. a feature of all cells B. found in prokaryotic cells only C. found in eukaryotic cells only D. found in plant cells only E. found in animal cells only

D. found in plant cells only

contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing A. lysosome B. vacuole C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome

E. peroxisome

Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy? a. chloroplasts d. peroxisomes b. mitochondria e. Golgi bodies c. leucoplasts

a. chloroplasts

Cyanide binds with at least one of the molecules involved in the production of ATP. Following exposure of a cell to cyanide, most of the cyanide could be expected to be found within the a. mitochondria. d. lysosomes. b. ribosomes. e. endoplasmic reticulum. c. peroxisomes.

a. mitochondria

Of the following, which cell structure would most likely be visible with a light microscope that has been manufactured to the maximum resolving power possible? a. mitochondrion d. largest microfilament b. microtubule e. nuclear pore c. ribosome

a. mitochondrion

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? a. rough ER d. Golgi vesicles b. lysosomes e. tight junctions c. plasmodesmata

a. rough ER

Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. All of the following are part of the cytoskeleton except a. the nuclear envelope. d. intermediate filaments. b. microtubules. e. actin. c. microfilaments.

a. the nuclear envelope.

Which of the following is not a known function of the cytoskeleton? a. to maintain a critical limit on cell size b. to provide mechanical support to the cell c. to maintain the characteristic shape of the cell d. to hold mitochondria and other organelles in place within the cytosol e. to assist in cell motility by interacting with specialized motor proteins

a. to maintain a critical limit on cell size

Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes? a. a cell that is secreting proteins b. a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes c. a cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix d. a cell that is digesting food particles e. a cell that is enlarging its vacuole

b. a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in a. vacuoles. d. lysosomes. b. chloroplasts. e. nuclei. c. mitochondria.

b. chloroplasts

Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is not correct? a. cell wall: support, protection b. chloroplasts: chief sites of cellular respiration c. chromosomes: genetic control information d. ribosomes: site of protein synthesis e. mitochondria: formation of ATP

b. chloroplasts: chief sites of cellular respiration

In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization? a. chloroplast d. peroxisome b. lysosome e. glyoxysome c. central vacuole

b. lysosome

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? a. mitochondrion d. chloroplast b. ribosome e. ER c. nuclear envelope

b. ribosome

Where are calcium ions stored? a. mitochondria d. rough endoplasmic reticulum b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum e. microtubules c. centrioles

b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is a. the relative solubility of the component. b. the size and weight of the component. c. the percentage of carbohydrates in the component. d. the number of enzymes in the fraction. e. the presence or absence of lipids in the component.

b. the size and weight of the component.

Choose the statement that correctly characterizes bound ribosomes. a. Bound ribosomes are enclosed in their own membrane. b. Bound and free ribosomes are structurally different. c. Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins. d. The most common location for bound ribosomes is the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. e. All of the above.

c. Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins.

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use a. a light microscope. d. A and C only b. a scanning electron microscope. e. A, B, and C c. a transmission electronic microscope.

c. a transmission electronic microscope.

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? a. peroxisomes d. extracellular matrix b. desmosomes e. tight junctions c. gap junctions

c. gap junctions

The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that a. light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy. b. light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy. c. light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells. d. both A and B e. both B and C

c. light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. nucleolus-ribosomal RNA d. cell membrane-lipid bilayer b. nucleus-DNA replication e. cytoskeleton-microtubules c. lysosome-protein synthesis

c. lysosome-protein synthesis

Which type of cell would probably provide the best opportunity to study lysosomes? a. muscle cell d. leaf cell of a plant b. nerve cell e. bacterial cell c. phagocytic white blood cell

c. phagocytic white blood cell

21. The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that a. plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. b. plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. c. plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. d. animal cells are more spherical, while plant cells are elongated. e. the basic functions of plant cells are very different from those of animal cells.

c. plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? a. lipids b. starches c. proteins d. steroids e. glucose

c. proteins

Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? a. ribosome d. mitochondrion b. lysosome e. contractile vacuole c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include a. ribosomes. d. B and C only b. mitochondria. e. A, B, and C c. chloroplasts.

d. B and C only

____ is composed of DNA and protein. a. A mitochondrion d. Chromatin b. A flagellum e. A ribosome c. A centriole

d. Chromatin

Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track the location of these proteins in a cell. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme that is eventually secreted by pancreatic cells. Which of the following is the most likely pathway for movement of this protein in the cell? a. ER Golgi nucleus b. Golgi ER lysosome c. nucleus ER Golgi d. ER Golgi vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane e. ER lysosomes vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

d. ER Golgi vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Which of the following organelles is not a common destination for small vesicles that bud off the Golgi apparatus? a. plasma membrane d. endoplasmic reticulum b. lysosomes e. all of the above c. vacuole

d. endoplasmic reticulum

Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system? a. Golgi lysosome ER plasma membrane b. tonoplast plasma membrane nuclear envelope smooth ER c. nuclear envelope lysosome Golgi plasma membrane d. rough ER vesicles Golgi plasma membrane e. ER chloroplasts mitochondrion cell membrane

d. rough ER vesicles Golgi plasma membrane

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to a. view the structure of cell membranes. b. identify the enzymes outside the organelles. c. determine the size of various organelles. d. separate the major organelles so their particular functions can be determined. e. crack the cell wall so the cytoplasmic contents can be released.

d. separate the major organelles so their particular functions can be determined.

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except a. DNA. d. ribosomes. b. a cell wall. e. an endoplasmic reticulum. c. a plasma membrane.

e. an endoplasmic reticulum.

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through a. plasmodesmata. d. desmosomes. b. intermediate filaments. e. gap junctions. c. tight junctions.

e. gap junctions.

Which of the following cell components is not directly involved in synthesis or secretion? a. ribosome d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum b. rough endoplasmic reticulum e. lysosome c. Golgi body

e. lysosome

Which of the following structure-function pairs is mismatched? a. nucleolus-ribosome production d. Golgi-protein trafficking b. lysosome-intracellular digestion e. microtubule-muscle contraction c. ribosome-protein synthesis

e. microtubule-muscle contraction

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found in the pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a centrifuge? a. ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria d. vacuoles, ribosomes, nucleus b. chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuoles e. nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes c. nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts

e. nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes