Bio Final Test 2 (Version 1)
if a cell begins with 36 chromosomes, there will be ___ chromosomes in each cell after mitosis, and each daughter cell will be ____ genetically
36; identical
Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the male reproductive system?
Progesterone
the following is a part of a gene sequence: ATCAGC. what would be the resulting product of transcription?
UAGUCG
sex chromosomes of a normal male are ____
XY
the backbone of DNA consists of ______.
a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
Alterations to the positioning of the testes in males serve the purpose of:
adjusting the temperature needed for sperm to be healthy
to the highest degree of flexibility (totipotent)?
adult stem cells>embryonic stem cells>zygote
oogenesis differs from spermatogenesis in ____
all of the above are true
alleles are described as ___
alternate versions of a gene
which of the following phases of mitosis is NOT matched with the appropriate activities that occur during that phase?
anaphase; homologous pairs separate
when sperm enter the epididymis, they
are incapable of moving on their own
chromosome pairs 1-22 are referred to as ___ because they have nothing to do with the inheritance of sex characteristics.
autosomes
glands that produce secretions just before ejaculation that may function to lubricate or rinse urine from the urethra are called ___
bulbourethral
DNA that has wrapped around histones and is in a condensed form following interphase is called ___.
chromosomes
the base sequences that are left behind after the introns have been spliced out by enzymes are the ____.
exons
normally, fertilization occurs in the ___ and implantation occurs in the ___
fallopian tube; uterus
if you wanted to decrease sperm production, which of the following would be most effective?
inhibin
stem cell lines are developed from
inner call mass cells from a blastocyst
which of the following are the additional nucleotide basis in DNA that have accumulated over the evolution of a species that do not directly translate into a protein?
intron
which hormone in men could be manipulated to eliminate sperm production without producing problems with the maintenance of secondary sex characteristics?
lutenizing hormone (LH)
a specific type of RNA that delivers amino acids one at a time in the ordered sequence by the mRNA strand is called:
tRNA
which process converts the nucleotide language of mRNA into the amino acid language of a protein?
translation
if adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?
30%
if a sperm contains 6 chromosomes, it must have come from an original parent cell that contained ____ chromosomes
12
how many chromosomes are provided to a human zygote from each gamete?
23
which of the three RNA nucleotide bases that are found on the transfer RNA molecule pairs with the mRNA?
Anticodon
Why are the complementary base-pairing rules so important when a cell needs to copy DNA?
As long as there is one strand, a copy can be made by following the pair rules.
if one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other stand?
CAGGTA
the most reliable method to prevent both pregnancy and contraction of an STD is through what method?
Condom
in gene expression ______,
DNA directs the synthesis of RNA that directs the synthesis of a polypeptide
why do transcription and translation take place in two different locations?
DNA is located in the nucleus, while the ribosomes needed for translation are not in the nucleus
Your former roommate went through a fairly promiscuous stage during her freshman year. Now she feels confident that she has an STD, if not more than one STD. Too embarrassed to go to the doctor, she wants to take some old antibiotics that you had left over from a case of strep throat. She tells you that antibiotics will wipe out whatever she has. Which of the following STDs would your antibiotics definitely not eliminate?
HPV
which contraceptive device is inserted into the uterus by a physician and is highly successful at preventing pregnancy or at dislodging the embryo if implanted for up to 5 years?
IUD
which statement best describes the difference between therapeutic and reproductive cloning?
Therapeutic cloning is used to produce stem cells that can be coerced into differentiating into a specific cell type, whereas reproductive cloning is used to produce organisms identical to what they were cloned from.
specific segments of DNA that are functional units of inheritance are called:
genes
if two chromosomes have the same genes but possibly different alleles are said to be:
homologues
which strand carries the DNA's instructions for synthesizing a particular protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
messenger RNA
the most appropriate form of cell division for repairing an injured tissue is _____
mitosis
which of these can be described as the release of the oocyte from a mature follicle in an ovary?
ovulation
a pregnant female is a week past her due date and her doctors decide to induce labor. the natural hormone that they baby has not yet released is:
oxytocin
the functions of the corpus luteum include all of the following except
secretion of estrogen
Sperm are formed originally in the ____.
seminiferous tubules
when a female has low levels of estrogen and progesterone, ___.
she is menstruating
The semen from a male who has had a vasectomy would include each of the following except:
sperm
how do mitosis and meiosis differ from each other?
the cells formed by mitosis are diploid; the cells formed by meiosis are haploid
what is DECREASED during the process of meiosis?
the number of chromosomes
the primary event of the third trimester of pregnancy includes:
the preparation of fetal organ systems for the eventual functions and laying down fat
which of the following correctly describes the order of stem cells from the lowest degree of flexibility to the highest degree?
unipotent>multipotent>totipotent>pluripotent
the structure that is shared between the male reproductive and urinary systems is the
urethra
dolly the sheep ___
was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell
