Bio Final Test 2 (Version 1)

if a cell begins with 36 chromosomes, there will be ___ chromosomes in each cell after mitosis, and each daughter cell will be ____ genetically

36; identical

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the male reproductive system?

Progesterone

the following is a part of a gene sequence: ATCAGC. what would be the resulting product of transcription?

UAGUCG

sex chromosomes of a normal male are ____

XY

the backbone of DNA consists of ______.

a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern

Alterations to the positioning of the testes in males serve the purpose of:

adjusting the temperature needed for sperm to be healthy

to the highest degree of flexibility (totipotent)?

adult stem cells>embryonic stem cells>zygote

oogenesis differs from spermatogenesis in ____

all of the above are true

alleles are described as ___

alternate versions of a gene

which of the following phases of mitosis is NOT matched with the appropriate activities that occur during that phase?

anaphase; homologous pairs separate

when sperm enter the epididymis, they

are incapable of moving on their own

chromosome pairs 1-22 are referred to as ___ because they have nothing to do with the inheritance of sex characteristics.

autosomes

glands that produce secretions just before ejaculation that may function to lubricate or rinse urine from the urethra are called ___

bulbourethral

DNA that has wrapped around histones and is in a condensed form following interphase is called ___.

chromosomes

the base sequences that are left behind after the introns have been spliced out by enzymes are the ____.

exons

normally, fertilization occurs in the ___ and implantation occurs in the ___

fallopian tube; uterus

if you wanted to decrease sperm production, which of the following would be most effective?

inhibin

stem cell lines are developed from

inner call mass cells from a blastocyst

which of the following are the additional nucleotide basis in DNA that have accumulated over the evolution of a species that do not directly translate into a protein?

intron

which hormone in men could be manipulated to eliminate sperm production without producing problems with the maintenance of secondary sex characteristics?

lutenizing hormone (LH)

a specific type of RNA that delivers amino acids one at a time in the ordered sequence by the mRNA strand is called:

tRNA

which process converts the nucleotide language of mRNA into the amino acid language of a protein?

translation

if adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?

30%

if a sperm contains 6 chromosomes, it must have come from an original parent cell that contained ____ chromosomes

12

how many chromosomes are provided to a human zygote from each gamete?

23

which of the three RNA nucleotide bases that are found on the transfer RNA molecule pairs with the mRNA?

Anticodon

Why are the complementary base-pairing rules so important when a cell needs to copy DNA?

As long as there is one strand, a copy can be made by following the pair rules.

if one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other stand?

CAGGTA

the most reliable method to prevent both pregnancy and contraction of an STD is through what method?

Condom

in gene expression ______,

DNA directs the synthesis of RNA that directs the synthesis of a polypeptide

why do transcription and translation take place in two different locations?

DNA is located in the nucleus, while the ribosomes needed for translation are not in the nucleus

Your former roommate went through a fairly promiscuous stage during her freshman year. Now she feels confident that she has an STD, if not more than one STD. Too embarrassed to go to the doctor, she wants to take some old antibiotics that you had left over from a case of strep throat. She tells you that antibiotics will wipe out whatever she has. Which of the following STDs would your antibiotics definitely not eliminate?

HPV

which contraceptive device is inserted into the uterus by a physician and is highly successful at preventing pregnancy or at dislodging the embryo if implanted for up to 5 years?

IUD

which statement best describes the difference between therapeutic and reproductive cloning?

Therapeutic cloning is used to produce stem cells that can be coerced into differentiating into a specific cell type, whereas reproductive cloning is used to produce organisms identical to what they were cloned from.

specific segments of DNA that are functional units of inheritance are called:

genes

if two chromosomes have the same genes but possibly different alleles are said to be:

homologues

which strand carries the DNA's instructions for synthesizing a particular protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

messenger RNA

the most appropriate form of cell division for repairing an injured tissue is _____

mitosis

which of these can be described as the release of the oocyte from a mature follicle in an ovary?

ovulation

a pregnant female is a week past her due date and her doctors decide to induce labor. the natural hormone that they baby has not yet released is:

oxytocin

the functions of the corpus luteum include all of the following except

secretion of estrogen

Sperm are formed originally in the ____.

seminiferous tubules

when a female has low levels of estrogen and progesterone, ___.

she is menstruating

The semen from a male who has had a vasectomy would include each of the following except:

sperm

how do mitosis and meiosis differ from each other?

the cells formed by mitosis are diploid; the cells formed by meiosis are haploid

what is DECREASED during the process of meiosis?

the number of chromosomes

the primary event of the third trimester of pregnancy includes:

the preparation of fetal organ systems for the eventual functions and laying down fat

which of the following correctly describes the order of stem cells from the lowest degree of flexibility to the highest degree?

unipotent>multipotent>totipotent>pluripotent

the structure that is shared between the male reproductive and urinary systems is the

urethra

dolly the sheep ___

was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell