bio test 1
identify three of the five basic themes in bio
The evolution of life, The interaction of living systems, and the transmission of information
which statement best describes an atom
a substance that cannot burn
when tissues organize, what do they form?
an organ
which element forms the backbone of organic molecules
carbon
what is a branching diagram that depicts the relationships among organisms based on shared characteristics?
cladogram
a base is defined as an _______________ acceptor
electron
how many covalent bonds are formed by carbon atoms, producing a wide variety of molecular shapes and sizes?
four
which element activates many enzymes and is needed in blood and other tissues of animals?
iron
what are compounds that have the same molecular formulas but different structures and different molecules?
isomers
which is a characteristic of a good hypothesis?
it is falsifiable
which statement concerning a scientific theory is False
it may suggest practical applications
which substance is an example of a very strong acid?
lemon juice
a liquid with a pH of 7 is considered a ______________ solution
neutral
The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by
number of valence electrons
which carbohydrate is the most structurally complex
polysaccharide
by definition, an organism that is eukaryotic:
posses a nucleus
What group of molecules is represented in this structure?
structural proteins
what substance is removed during a condensation reaction?
water
which statement best describes the cell theory?
All living organisms are composed of basic units called cells
how can we identify a particular element
By its number of protons
What type of molecule carries the hereditary information of an organism?
DNA
which is a property of unsaturated fats?
They are generally liquid at room temperature.
what is a distinct characteristic of asexual reproduction?
a cell splitting into identical halves
what are inherited characteristics that enhance an organism's ability to survive in its environment?
adaptations
what is the difference between an electrically neutral atom and an ion
an ion has an unequal number of protons and electrons, while a neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons
what differentiates an organic compound from and inorganic compound?
an organic compound is basic rather than acidic
what is the smallest unit that retains the characteristic properties of a given element?
atom
consider the statement "biological systems interact." What does this mean?
biological organisms are interdependent
All of the members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute:
biosphere
which is the main structural component of the walls that surround plant cells
cellulose
water molecules have a strong tendency to stick to one another, a property known as ________________
cohession
When we know what kinds of ____ are present in an organic compound, we can predict its chemical behavior.
functional groups
An organism that is neither prokaryotic nor photosynthetic, and must obtain its nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into the environment, belongs to which group of organisms?
fungi
the covalent bond between a hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom in water is formed when:
hydrogen and oxygen share and electron pair
the human body is made up of specialized cells that preform different functions. For example, a neuron is a specialized cell of the nervous system that receives and transmits signals throughout the body. To perform these tasks, the neuron uniquely posses branched protoplasmic protrusions, called dendrites and axons, which conduct the signals to and from its cell body. This illustrates which of the following five major biological themes?
international of structure and function in biological systems
the primary purpose of homeostasis is to:
maintain a constant internal environment
suppose a particular protein is produced in excess of the cell's needs. What kind of mechanism will intervene to stop production?
metabolic
In living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as:
metabolism
One of the conclusions drawn from Darwin's theory of evolution is that:
organisms living today descended from previously existing forms
_____________ in the muscle cell are required for muscle contraction
potassium ions
which cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles?
prokaryotic cells
suppose we want to examine the effect of a fertilizer of the size of zucchini produced, and therefore, we need to establish the experimental and control groups. The control group for this experiment would be defined under which conditions?
soil, fertilizer, water, sun, and zucchini seeds
which event illustrates evaporative cooling
sweat evaporating from the skin
what is subspecialty of systematics and is the science of naming and classifying organism?
taxonomy
why are hydrocarbons considered hydrophobic
the covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar
which is a benefit of sexual reproduction of asexual reproduction?
the interaction of the genes from both parents allows genetic varation
a molecule of a saturated triacylgycerol contains
the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains
What statement best describes "biology"?
the science of life
Nitrogen has five electrons in its valence shell. How many electrons does it need to gain to complete its valence shell?
three
during an experiment, what is the purpose of a control group?
to ensure that the results observed in the experimental group is due to the variable being tested