BIO101

A protein that will be transported to the plasma membrane will travel the following path A) ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle, plasma membrane B) ribosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicle, plasma membrane C) endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, golgi apparatus, vesicle, plasma membrane D) nucleus, vesicle,endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle, plasma Membrane

A

Identify the substrate in the following reaction: Sucrose → Fructose + Glucose A) Sucrose B) Fructose C) Glucose D) Fructose and glucose

A

In chemical bonding, when the bonded atoms share electrons, it is specifically called ________. A) an ionic bond B) a covalent bond C) a hydrogen bond D) a polar bond

A

Peptide bonds are .... A) The bonds between amino acids in a protein. B) The bonds between sugars in a carbohydrate. C) The bonds between water molecules. D) The bonds between glycerol and fatty acids in a triglyceride

A

The breaking of a large organic molecule into smaller individual subunits involves multiple ________. A) hydrolysis reactions B) osmotic reactions C) dehydration synthesis reactions D) hydrosynthetic reactions

A

What is the role of the villi in the small intestine? A) To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract B) To move food along the digestive tract C) To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract D) To secrete water into the digestive tract

A

Which is not a requirement for natural selection to occur? A) Random mating B) Competition for limited resources C) Variation in the offspring D) Unequal reproductive success

A

Which of the following statements is incorrect? A) Enzymes raise the activation energy of a reaction. B) Enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction. C) Substrates bind to an enzyme's active site. D) Enzymes change shape when they bind to a substrate.

A

Which would most likely pass unaided through a plasma membrane? A) Something small and nonpolar, like nitrogen gas B) Something small and dipolar, like a water molecule C) Something small and charged, like an ion D) Something large, like a glucose molecule

A

White blood cells are a type of... A) Connective tissue B) Epithelial tissue C) Muscle tissue D) Nervous tissue

A

Why do you need oxygen? (What role does O2 play in aerobic respiration?) A) It is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain. B) It combines with acetyl-CoA at the start of the citric acid cycle. C) It is given off as a by-product during the oxidation of pyruvate. D) It combines with H2O to help drive the formation of ATP.

A

Energy can be _______ but not __________. Chemicals ________ the biosphere but energy __________ the biosphere. A) converted, destroyed, flow through, is recycled in B) converted, destroyed, are recycled in, flows through C) destroyed, converted, flow through, is recycled in D) destroyed, converted, are recycled in, flows through

B

If you place an animal cell in distilled water (water with no solutes in it) what will happen? A) Nothing B) The cell will burst C) The cell will shrink D) the cell will swell but not burst

B

In exocytosis A) protein vesicles import large molecules into a cell. B) lipid vesicles move along the cytoskeleton and export large molecules out of a cell. C) protein vesicles move along the cytoskeleton and export large molecules out of a cell. D) lipid vesicles import large molecules into a cell

B

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________. A) esophagus B) small intestine C) stomach D) large intestine

B

Predict how many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from the mitochondrial "burning" of one molecule of glucose? A) 1 B) 6 C) 12 D) Not enough information provided

B

Rank these from smallest to largest A) grain of rice<HIV virus<E. coli bacteria< Human egg cell B) HIV virus < E. coli bacteria< Human egg cell grain of rice C) HIV virus < Human egg cell <E. coli bacteria< grain of rice D) E. coli bacteria <HIV virus, < Human egg cell< grain of rice

B

The elements that make up the bulk of the Human body are... A) Carbon, Water and Nitrogen B) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen, C) Carbon, Helium, Oxygen, Nitrogen and D) Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Iron

B

The pathway of carbon dioxide in your body is... A) lungs, bloodstream, cell membrane, mitochondria B) mitochondria, cell membrane, bloodstream, lungs C) mitochondria, lungs, bloodstream, cell membrane D) mitochondria, vesicles, cell membrane, bloodstream, lungs

B

When you eat a piece of toast that has been spread with butter, your body breaks the food down into mainly A) amino acids and glycerol. B) glycerol, fatty acids, and monosaccharides. C) monosaccharides and amino acids. D) fatty acids, amino acids, and polysaccharides.

B

Which of the following is not made from long chains of glucose? A) Starch B) Glycerol C) Glycogen D) Cellulose

B

Which structure is common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A) Nucleus B) Ribosomes C) Chloroplasts D) Mitochondria

B

Below is a list of cellular processes and their location in the cell. Which process is listed as in the wrong location? A) Calvin cycle in the stroma of the chloroplast B) Citric acid cycle in the fluid inside the mitochondria C) Electron transport chain in the outer mitochondrial membrane D) Photosystem in the thylakoid membrane

C

Can energy be harvested by the cells from glucose without oxygen? A) Yes, about as much as with oxygen. B) Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen. C) Yes, but much less than with oxygen. D) No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose

C

Carbohydrates are an excellent source of energy for the body. If a candy bar and a pear contain an equal number of calories from carbohydrates, which is a healthier food and why? A) The candy bar is healthier because it contains simple sugars, which are easier for the body to get energy from. B) The pear is healthier because it contains fewer chemical bonds that need to be broken in the digestive tract. C) The pear is healthier because it contains more vitamins and minerals. D) Neither the candy bar nor the pear is better because they both contain the same number of calories.

C

Chloroplasts and mitochondria share something with the nucleus that the other organelles do not. What is this shared function or component? A) They are the only organelles wrapped in a lipid-based membrane. B) They are the only organelles that are located in the cytosol. C) They are the only organelles that contain DNA. D) They are the only organelles not found in bacteria.

C

Explain how molecules other than glucose can be used as energy sources. A) They can't; cellular respiration is limited to glucose. B) They have their own unique metabolic pathways. C) They are modified first and then enter the same metabolic pathway as glucose. D) Fats, proteins, and other carbohydrates are similar enough to glucose that they utilize the same metabolic pathway without any modifications

C

How does CO2 enter a plant? A) Through the roots B) Through the stroma C) Through the stomata D) Through the grana

C

How many possible 10 amino acid proteins are there? A) ~100 B) ~10,000 C) ~100,000,000 D) ~10,000,000,000,000

C

Organize the following steps of the light reaction in order. A) Absorb sunlight, produce high-energy electron carriers, produce oxygen, split water B) Absorb sunlight, produce high-energy electron carriers, split water, produce oxygen C) Absorb sunlight, split water, produce oxygen, produce high-energy electron carriers D) Absorb sunlight, produce oxygen, split water, produce high-energy electron carriers

C

The cytoskeleton has several primary functions. The first and most obvious is it acts as an interior skeleton that supports the rest of the cell. What is another function of the cytoskeleton? A) It provides a communication network where chemo-electrical signals can be sent from one area of the cell to another. B) It creates a durable outer covering to increase the strength and rigidity of the cell. C) It provides a series of tracks along which vesicles can move throughout the cell. D) It connects one cell to another

C

The functional group -NH2 is called the ________ group. A) methyl B) alcohol C) amino D) carboxyl

C

What happens to excess protein in the body? A) They are broken down and excreted in urine. B) They are used as energy by muscles. C) They are stored as fat. D) They are used to build bone mass

C

What happens to the ATP molecule after it has been used to do work? A) It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. B) It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid. C) It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP. D) It is completely destroyed

C

What is the role of light in photosynthesis? A) It is the source for electrons. B) It fixes carbon. C) It energizes electrons. D) It splits ATP molecules, which generates energy.

C

What makes the "head" of a phospholipid hydrophilic? A) The even distribution of electrons across the fatty acids makes the head polar. B) The uneven distribution of electrons across the fatty acids makes the head polar. C) The phosphate group carries a negative charge, making the head polar. D) The phosphate group carries a negative charge, making the head nonpolar

C

Which combination describes the plasma membrane? A) Hydrophilic interior, hydrophobic exterior B) Hydrophilic interior and exterior C) Hydrophobic interior, hydrophilic exterior D) Hydrophobic interior and exterior

C

Which of the following is a waste product of photosynthesis? A) CO2 B) H2O C) O2 D) All of these

C

Which of the following statements is true? A) Active transport does not require energy B) Passive transport never involves a protein C) Active transport requires energy D) Both A and B are true E) Both B and C are true

C

Which one of the following most specifically explains why plants need water to perform photosynthesis? A) to provide the oxygen needed to make sugars B) to add a hydrogen to NADPH C) to provide electrons for the light reactions D) to add a phosphate to ATP E) to excite electrons

C

Which one of the following statements is TRUE? A) Carbon dioxide is obtained via grana in the leaves. B) The carbon in sugars is obtained from the soil. C) The Calvin cycle can proceed in the dark if ATP and NADPH are provided. D) The light reactions use ATP and NADPH from the Calvin cycle. E) Plants need oxygen to carry out photosynthesis

C

_________ completes the burning of glucose and breaking down of pyruvic acid to CO2. A) Glycolysis B) The Calvin cycle C) The citric acid cycle D) The electron transport chain

C

__________________, can freely diffuse into and out of cells without proteins. A) Sugars, amino acids and fatty acids B) Oxygen and carbon dioxide C) Oxygen, carbon dioxide and fatty acids D) Oxygen, carbon dioxide and amino acids E) Oxygen, amino acids and fatty acids

C

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced? A) Glycolysis B) Citric acid cycle C) Fermentation D) Electron transport chain

D

Identify the stage of cellular respiration when glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid. A) Citric acid cycle B) Calvin cycle C) Electron transport chain D) Glycolysis

D

Most of the large, fast-flowing rivers in the northwest United States are blocked by human-made dams. Water is directed through pipes in each dam that lead to hydroelectric generators. The generators in these dams create electricity as water rushes past them. This is most similar to which of the following metabolic processes? A) the splitting of glucose during glycolysis B) the release of carbon dioxide during the citric acid cycle C) the transport of electrons by NADH D) the passage of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase to make ADP into ATP

D

Proteins are diverse molecules that perform a wide variety of functions. Which of the following is not a typical function of proteins? A) Defense B) Catalyze reactions C) Movement D) Energy storage

D

What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? A) At room temperature, saturated fats are liquid and unsaturated fats are solid. B) Unsaturated fats have a flat molecular structure, but saturated fats are kinked. C) Saturated fat molecules are packed together loosely, but unsaturated fats are tightly packed. D) Unsaturated fats contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds, but saturated fats don't.

D

What is the maximum number of single covalent bonds a carbon atom (atomic number 6) can form with other elements? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

D

Which of the following could accept one (and only one) electron? A) carbon (atomic number = 6) B) nitrogen (atomic number = 7) C) oxygen (atomic number = 8) D) hydrogen (atomic number = 1)

D

People who exercise regularly have less mitochondria than couch potatoes. True False

False

The earth's crust and Human bodies are made of the same elements in similar amounts. True False

False

If the light reactions proceeded but the Calvin cycle didn't, then __________ molecules would accumulate and __________ molecules would not be made. A) ATP and sugar; NADPH B) NADPH; sugar and ATP C) Sugar; NADPH and ATP D) NADPH and sugar; ATP E) NADPH and ATP; sugar

NADPH and ATP; sugar

Implanting pig extracellular matrix in a damaged human thigh can help muscle tissue regrow. True False

True

Non-functional cilia can result in many different problems including kidney damage. True False

True

The Root vegetables like potatoes, carrots, and beets that we eat store sugars made by photosynthesis, which can later be used for plant growth. True False

True