BIOL 1322 Exam 4

An outbreak of which disease prompted the FDA to ban the use of contaminated meat and bone meal as feed for animals?

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

examples of developing contries

Brazil, China, India, Saudi Arabia

what is considered deep poverty

$12,694

a family of 4 is considered impoverished if its annual income is at or below

$24,339

toddlers age

1 to 3 years

fluid needs for children

1 to 3 years: 4 cups/day 3 to 5 years: 5 cups/day

iron needs for children

1 to 3 years: 7 mg/day 4 to 8 years: 10 mg/day

calcium nutrient needs for children

1 to 3 years: 700 mg/day 4 to 8 years: 1000 mg/day

what is the typical weight gain in the first trimester

1 to 4.5 pounds

__ in __ people in the world suffer from food insecurity

1, 10 (10%)

children may need to be exposed to a food ___ before accepting it

10 to 15 times

The proper use of irrigation can increase crop yield by ______.

100 to 400 percent

approximately how many calories do active toddlers ages 2 to 3 require each day

1000 to 1400 calories

how many calories do children ages 2 to 3 need

1000 to 1400 calories daily

world population will reach ____ by 2100

11.2 billion, puts added strain on food production and nutritional status

when should an infant weigh triple their birth weight

12 months

A breastfeeding woman should drink about __________ cups of water and beverages daily:

13

Approximately ______ percent of households in the United States were food insecure in 2013.

14

shellfish/fish temperatuer

145 F

In the United States, approximately what percentage of households were food insecure at least sometime in 2011?

15

how many minutes of exercise should a pregnant women get

150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week

the second 6 months how much breast milk does the mother produces

16 ounces/day

other meats besides poultry temperature

160 F

temperature for poultry

165 F

Pregnant women need a minimum of ___ grams of carbohydrate per day.

175

how many grams of carbohydrates is needed for pregnant women

175 g/day

research suggests that food allergies in children have increased by ____ percent over the last decade

18

stage 1 of immune response to food allergy

1: first allergen contact 2: immune system creates antibodies 3: antibodies attach to mast cells

wash your hands for at least ____ seconds

20

in the first 6 months the mother produces how much breast milk

24 ounces/day

At birth baby Peyton weighs 8 pounds. If his growth and development are normal, what would you expect Peyton to weigh at his first birthday?

24 pounds

Women with a healthy pre-pregnancy weight, gain an average of __________ pounds during pregnancy.

25 to 35

a women who begins pregnancy at a healthy weight should gain ___ pounds during pregnancy

25 to 35

a women who enters pregnancy underweight (a body mass index less than 18.5) is encouraged to gain _____ pounds during pregnancy

28 to 40

what is the average weight/height gain in the second year

3 to 5 pounds 3 to 5 inches

preschoolers ages

3 to 5 years old

during the second trimester of pregnancy, a women who began her pregnancy at a healthy weight should increase her daily calorie intake by

340 calories

how much more calories should be consumed in second trimester than before pregnancy

340 calories, about 1 pound/week

about how much weight gain is advised for a women having twins

37 - 54 pounds

after the second year of age about how much per year do they grow

4.5 to 6.5 pounds 2.5 to 3.5 inches

a full-term pregnancy is approximately __ weeks long

40

to prevent bacteria from multiplying, keep foods at or below this temperature

40 degrees F

full term pregnancy is approximately how many weeks long

40 weeks long 3 trimesters

bacteria multiply quickly between __ degrees F and __ degrees F

40, 140

folate/ folic acid needs during pregnancy

400 mcg/day before conception, continued after

for the second 6 months how much extra calories are needed for the mother

400/day

The World Health Organization estimates that approximately ________ of all childhood deaths in developing countries are associated with malnutrition.

45%

By the end of the third trimester, a woman needs an additional __________ calories per day.

450

during the third trimester how much calories should a women be taking

450 extra calories/day and gaining about 1 pound/week

stage 2 of immune response to food allergy

4: subsequent allergen contact 5: strawberry allergens attach to antibody-mast cell complex 6: histamine released from mast cells 7: allergic reaction triggered

in starvation, adults can lose ___ % of body weight

50

approximately how many calories a day does it take to produce milk during the first six months of lactation

500 calories

for the first 6 months how much extra calories are needed for the mother

500/day

when should iron-rich foods be introduced to children

6 months

when should an infant weigh double their birth weight

6 months of age

school aged children

6 to 11 years old

how many calories of body weight for the first 6 months of infants

82

how much caffeine is the max recommended to consume and how much per day could delay conception

<200mg >500 per day

____ is found in the intestinal tracts of animals and birds, raw milk, untreated water, and sewage

Campylobacter jejuni

_____ is a type of bacteria that grows well in environments with little to no oxygen and can be obtained from eating improperly canned foods, garlic in oil, honey, vacuum-packaged, or tightly wrapped food

Clostridium botulinum

which federal agency coordinates efforts to safeguard and protect food and water in the United states from bioterrorism

Department of homeland security

_____ is a pathogen that may cause small children and older adults to experience hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that causes acute kidney failure

Escherichia Coli O157: H7

food additives are closely regulated by

FDA

which federal agency must approve most additives used in foods

FDA

Farm to table continuum

Farm, Processing, Transportation, Retail, Consumer

____ can appear 30 days after incubation and may last from 2 weeks to 6 months

Hepatitis A (HAV)

Why is preeclampsia dangerous?

It increases the risk of low birth weight babies

____ infection is of greatest concern to pregnant women and those with a comprised immune system

Listeria

____ is a bacteria that may be found on deli meats and ready-to-eat foods

Listeria monocytogenes

What foodborne pathogen is NOT considered a potential bioterrorism agent

Listeriosis

To improve her chances of conceiving a healthy baby, a women should

Moderate fish and caffeine consumption attain a healthy weight get adequate folic acid

____ is found in the stool or vomit of infect individuals and can result in watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flulike symptoms, and potentially, a fever

Norovirus

Which of the following correlations is FALSE? A comprised immune system can result in hemolytic uremic syndrome Norovirus can cause traveler's diarrhea in some people Cleaning the cat litter without hand washing can spread parasites Raw milk and raw meat can cause Guillain-Barre syndrome

Norovirus can cause traveler's diarrhea in some people

In which type of food would you find sulfites and why?

On dried fruits and vegetables, to prevent oxidation and inhibit the growth of microbes

_________ are synthetic chemicals that do not break down over time. They exist in the food supply due to industrial pollution

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

In which step of the Farm-to-Table Continuum are the food code guidelines used to reduce the risk of foodborne illness?

Retail

risk of pregnant women using nicotine, alcohol and illicit drugs

SIDS, FASDS, birth defects

Tia looks into food assistance programs to help her provide nutritious food for her family. For which programs is her family most likely to be eligible?

SNAP and National School Lunch program

____ is a bacteria that often is associated with eating raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, meat, or raw milk and dairy products

Salmonella

what marine toxin results in excess histamine and can cause symptoms such as flushing, sweating, and vomiting

Scombrotoxic fish poising

Which of the following statements about food marketing is true?

Some food companies have found it effective to market products specifically to preschoolers using licensed cartoon characters.

____ can be found on human skin and the mucous membranes of the mouth

Staphylococcus aureus

Examples of developed countries

US, Canada, Australia, Western Europe

____ occurs when an individual's nutrient and/or energy needs are not being met through diet

Undernutrition

hidden hunger

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can cause blindness, anemia, and other problems

wasting

a condition caused by extremely low energy intake from too little food, sometimes referred to as acute malnutrition

After the eighth week of pregnancy, the developing embryo is known as ________.

a fetus

Where can you donate your time to help the nutritional status of hungry people in your community?

a food bank

Alzheimer's disease

a form of dementia

developed country

a nation advanced in industrial capability, technological sophistication, and economic productivity

least developed countries

a nation that is least advanced in those areas

developing country

a nation that is relatively less advanced in those areas

Which of the following is an example of food marketing that targets preschoolers?

a picture of a cartoon character on a cereal box

type 2 diabetes

ability to maintain glucose blood level diminishes with age most people with this illness are overweight

food allergy

abnormal reaction by immune system to a particular good

ways to help women older than 35 during pregnancy

achieve healthy weight prior to conception, avoid smoking, eat balanced diet, consume adequate folic acid

bacteria thrive under what conditions

adequate nutrients moisture correct pH correct temperatures time

young children following vegetarian diet need

adequate vitamin D, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12

Which of the following is true about the iron status of teens?

adolescent girls need more iron to support the onset of menstruation

food intolerance

adverse reaction to a food that does not involve immune response ex: lactose intolerance

eligibility meals on wheels America

age 60 or over

importance of breakfast

aids mental function, academic performance, school attendance rates, psychosocial function , mood

Clostridium botulinum spores can survive in

airtight container, usually in home canning

potential side effects of milk thistle

allergic reactions in people who are allergic to ragweek and other plants, may lower blood glucose levels, some gastrointestinal discomfort

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behavior with food

also called ADD avoidance of certain foods may help sugar often blamed but lack evidence nutritional advice from registered dietitian may help counter effects of medication, disruptive mealtimes

Chronic malnutrition is the long-term outcome of consuming a diet that contains __________.

an imbalance of nutrients

hunger

an individual level physiological condition that may result from food insecurity

iron deficiency effects

anemia, most common nutritional disorder worldwide, 1/2 of pregnant women in developing countries

drug interactions with saw palmetto

anticoagulants, birth control pills

____ neutralizes free radicals which may help prevent cancer from spreading to nearby tissues

antioxidants

what may help protect sperm from free radical damage

antioxidants (vitamins C and E, carotenoids)

sulfites

antioxidants that prevent browning, inhibit microbial growth

a household food insecurity when

any of its members do not have the resources they need to get adequate amounts of nutritious food

food deserts

are areas with the absence of a supermarket within 1.4 miles of a residence

food swamps

areas with a high density of establishments selling high calorie fast food and junk food, relative to healthier options

severe _____ can impact mobility, making it difficult to obtain and prepare meals

arthritis

composition of breast milk changes

as infant grows

what physiological needs are needed in order for infants to consume solid foods

at least 13 pounds tongue thrust reflex has faded swallowing skills matured has head and neck control and able to sit with support

what is freezer temperature

at or below 0 degrees F

eligibility of WIC

at risk, low income pregnant and lactating women, infants, and children less than 5 years old

what marks the first trimester

at the moment of conception

placenta

attached to the fetus via the umbilical cord

eligibility of child and adult care food program

available to communities based on income data

eligibility of summer food service program

available to communities based on income data

Which food is most likely to contain carcinogens?

bacon

Foodborne illness, or food poisoning, is usually caused by

bacteria

experience of clostridium botulinum

bacteria produce a toxin that causes illness by affecting the nervous system. Double vision, droopy eyelids, trouble speaking and swallowing, and difficulty breathing

For food fortification to work, the food chosen to carry the extra nutrients must ___.

be a staple in the community's food supply

Treatment of preeclampsia

bed rest, medication, even hospitalization until baby can be safely delivered

you should wash your hands

before you eat on site or with a sanitary wipe if soap and water are not available

what can be done specifically to reduce food insecurity

better land management and proper sanitation fortification of foods education individuals can help

food and water can be a target of ______, where a dangerous agent is used to frighten, threaten, coerce, injure, and/or kill individuals

bioterrorism

drug interactions with ginkgo biloba

blood thinning drugs and aspirin, enhances the blood thinning actions of vitamin E and garlic

Which of the following is a physiological change that occurs with age?

blunted thirst mechanism

in healthy individuals, ______ increases through early adulthood

bone mineral density (BMD)

what is the most common cancer or women

breast cancer

when is peak bone mass typically achieved

by early adulthood

adolescents need _____ and _____ for bone growth

calcium, vitamin D

Nutrients that are especially important for the adolescent growth spurt are ___

calcium, vitamin D, and iron

which nutrients are particularly important during adolescence to ensure adequate bone and muscle growth

calcium, vitamin D, and iron

open dating

calendar date on perishable foods to indicate food quality (not food safety) labeled with "sell by" or "use by" date if product is not stored at proper temperature, may be unsafe even if used by the date

how can you get clostridium perfringens

called "the cafeteria germ" because many outbreaks result from eating food left for long periods in steam tables at improper temperatures or at room temperature. Bacteria are destroyed by cooking, but some spores may survive

what are the 3 most common bacteria

campylobacter, E. coli, salmonella

eclampsia

can cause seizures in mother and is major cause of death of women during pregnancy

Consumption of red and processed meats, plus alcohol are associated with increased risk of __________.

cancer

what is thought to cause most cancers

carcinogens

A study done with 40 preschool children showed that they preferred food items with __________.

cartoon characters on on them

drug interactions with vitamin E

certain immunosuppressive drugs, anticoagulants, such as warfarin, statins used to lower cholesterol, and large amounts of niacin

industrial chemicals causing cancer

certain metals (nickels), pesticides, and compounds (benzene)

frozen produce is

cheaper than fresh, and so nutritious, if not more so

The federal food assistance program that provides nutritious meals to low-income children and senior adults who receive day care or adult care outside the home is the ________.

child and adult care food program

which of these factors is/are associated with the high rate of obesity among school-age children

children are overeating, taking in excessive energy. Children are not getting enough physical activity to expend the energy they consume. Children are spending too much time on their screens

eligibility of National School Lunch Program

children with families with incomes at or below 130% of the poverty level are eligible for free meals and those with incomes between 130% and 185% of the poverty level

how older adults get vitamin D

choose food products containing them like fortified milk, yogurt, and cereals. Add supplements if needed

how older adults can get nutrient rich food

choose foods in each food group that are low in added sugar, fat, and sodium

how older adults can get iron rich foods

choose lean meat, fish, poultry, foods with vitamin C to increase absorption

A healthy diet is especially important for older adults due to __________.

chronic diseases

an estimated 1/3 of childhood deaths in developing countries are associated with

chronic hunger and malnutrition

what health problems contribute to food insecurity among americans

chronic illness, disability, substance abuse, mental illness

Fight BAC for food safety

clean separate cook chill

The "4 Cs" of food safety are

cleaning, combating cross-contamination, cooking, and chilling

in cured meats what does nitrites and nitrates prevent

clostridium botulinum

The "cafeteria germ" that causes outbreaks of illness from eating food left at room temperature is

clostridium perfringens

MSG is a

common flavor enhancer may cause headache, nausea, and other side effects

The authors of this particular study recommended that __________.

companies not use licensed cartoon characters to market junk food

hawthorn purported use

congestive heart failure

a _____ can provide nutritious food and socialization for older adults

congregate meal

A social program that can help insure older adults meet their nutrient needs is __________.

congregate meals program

potential side effects of calcium

constipation; deposits in body

how older adults get calcium

consume 3 servings of dairy foods daily

what should the mother do the during the first trimester

consume a balanced diet continue getting folic acid take an iron rich supplement limit caffeine avoid too much vitamin A avoid foodborne illness continue exercising

what should the mother do prior to conception

consume a balanced diet maintain a healthy weight add folic acid to diet limit caffeine avoid certain fish with high levels of methylmercury avoid alcohol, herbs, illicit drugs, and smoking exercise regularly

what should the mother do during the first year the child's life

consume a balanced diet with adequate calories and fluids for breast feeding nursing mothers should avoid drugs, smoking and alcohol limit caffeine avoid certain fish with high levels of methylmercury

what should the mother do during the second trimester

consume a balanced diet with adequate calories for growth continue exercising

what should the mother do during the third trimester

consume a balanced diet with adequate calories for growth eat frequent small meals if more comfortable choose high fiber foods drink plenty of fluids continue nonimpact exercises

The production and function of sperm may decrease if the male

consumes a diet deficient in zinc, folate, and/or antioxidants abuses alcohol and smokes is obese

what nutrients and behaviors are important in the second trimester

consumption of adequate calories, carbohydrate, and protein to support growth

what is the problem in some fish

contain methylmercury

hypertension

controlled with medication, weight loss/physical activity, limiting alcohol/sodium

six month old Lauren is ready to eat solid foods. which of the following foods is/are healthy and safe options to introduce in her diet

cooked rice cereal, pureed meat, oatmeal

cancer causing agents in foods and beverages

cooking meat, poultry, fish at high temperatures forms heterocyclic amines (HCA), polyacrylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)

what is the number one cause of death

coronary heart disease

how could the government affect food supply

could divert money from nutrition programs and food distribution efforts

why is formula the best alternative to breast feeding

cows milk doesn't meet nutritional needs too high in potassium and sodium too low in fat and linoleic acid iron is poorly absorbed

pica

craving for nonfood substances, such as cornstarch, clay, dirt, baking soda

The developmental stages during which cells of the fetus rapidly grow and differentiate to form body structures are called ___.

critical periods

what causes food insecurity and poverty around the globe

crop failure, natural disasters, wasteful agricultural practices, and population overgrowth

how can older adults get adequate protein

dairy, eggs, seafood, and chicken at every meal and snack

breast-feeding can

decrease the risk of the baby developing respiratory and ear infections reduce the women's risk of type 2 diabetes help women reduce their risk of breast cancer

why older adults need adequate fluid

decreased ability of kidneys to concentrate urine and a blunted thirst mechanism, which can increase risk of dehydration

why older adults need vitamin D

decreased ability to make the active form of vitamin D, which decreases the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and increases the risk of osteoporosis

drug interactions with echinacea

decreased effectiveness of immune suppressing medications and drugs that are changed by the body

drug interactions with coenzyme Q10

decreased efficiency of some cancer medications; enhanced effect of drugs to lower blood pressure, decreases warfarin effectiveness

drug interaction of calcium

decreases the absorption of antibiotics, bisphosphates, digoxin, high blood pressure medication, medications used to regulate heart beat, and more

physical changes that occur during adolescence include all of the following except

decreasing body fat stores

iron for older adults

deficiency uncommon but may result from lack of diet, chronic malabsorption, intestinal blood loss, kidney disease, cancer, arthritis

failure to thrive (FTT)

delayed in physical growth or size or does not gain enough weight

pregnant women should avoid eating what to prevent contamination with listeria

deli meats, hot dogs, salami, unpasteurized milk and cheese, undercooked or raw meat, chicken, or fish, raw alfalfa and broccoli sprouts, celery, and cantaloupes

Teenaged mothers are more likely to ___.

develop pregnancy-induced hypertension

Food insecurity is a problem in ________.

developed nations least developed nations developing nations

iron deficiency can lead to

developmental delays

critical period

developmental stages in first trimester when cells and tissue rapidly grow and differentiate to form body structures

Toxoplasma gondii found

develops in cats and passed on through their feces

for older people what can add risk for heart disease and stroke

diabetes and hypertension

women older than 35 are more likely to develop

diabetes and hypertension

gestational diabetes

diabetes that occurs in women during pregnancy

what is a common result in chronic dehydration and eventually death

diarrhea

experience of Escherichia coli O157: H7

diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and weakness. Small children and elderly adults may develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that causes acute kidney failure. A similar illness, thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) may occur in adults

potential side effects of ginseng

diarrhea, itchiness, insomnia, headache, nervousness, rapid heart rate

symptoms of Hepatitis A (HAV)

diarrhea, vomiting, muscle aches, jaundice, inflammation of the liver that can appear 30 days after incubation

_____ and _____ promote poverty

discrimination, inequality

drug interactions with yohimbine

do not combine with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, as effect is additive. interacts with high blood pressure medications, and certain drugs used to treat mental illness

what should the father do during all the trimesters and the first year of the childs life

do not smoke

drug interactions of garlic

do not take with drugs used to treat tuberculosis and certain HIV/AIDS drugs. Avoid with anticoagulant medication, such as warfarin

which is not good advice regarding packing perishable food

do not use a cold pack inside your cooler because germs on it could contaminate the food

more than ____ in children of obesity, ____ in adolescents over the past 30 years

doubled, tripled

how older adults get adequate fluid

drink milk or eater with and between meals

how can you get campylobacter jejuni

drinking contaminated water or raw milk; eating raw or undercooked meat, poultry, or shellfish

how can you get Escherichia coli O157: H7

drinking contaminated water, unpasteurized apple juice or cider, or raw milk, or eating raw or rare ground beef or uncooked fruits and vegetables

One of the most common causes of severe food shortages in developing and least developed countries is ________.

drought

how does drugs interact with the metabolism of food

drugs interfere with metabolism of substances in food, leading to dangerously high levels in blood ex: tyramine in cheese, smoked fish, yogurt

key messages for children food plans

eat foods from every food group every day choose healthier foods from each group make the right choices for you take healthy eating one step at a time use healthy fats be physically active on a regular basis

which of the following is an appropriate tip from choosemyplate.gov to help parents and caregivers make healthy choices for children

eat foods from every food group every day cook with healthy fats be physically active on a regular basis

To alleviate morning sickness, the pregnant woman can ___.

eat small, frequent meals high in carbohydrates

To minimize heartburn, the pregnant woman should ___.

eat smaller meals

how can you get clostridium botulinum

eating improperly canned foods, garlic in oil, honey, vacuum-packaged and tightly wrapped food

An example of a food jag is ___.

eating only peanut butter sandwiches

how can you get salmonella

eating raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, and meat, raw milk and dairy products, and seafood. can also be spread by infected food handlers

how can you get listeria monocytogenes

eating ready to eat foods such as hot dogs, luncheon meats, cold cuts, fermented or dry sausage, other deli-style meat and poultry, or soft cheeses; drinking unpasteurized milk

All of the following are signs and symptoms of preeclampsia

edema, protein loss in urine, hypertension not low blood pressure

National School lunch program

eligible children receive free or reduced price lunches each year

vulnerability of critical periods

embryo and fetus could have nutritional deficiencies, toxins, other harmful factors

Adolescents are sometimes at risk for disordered eating because they ___.

engage in unhealthy behaviors to control weight

astragalus purported use

enhance and support the immune system

drug interactions with dong quai root

enhanced the blood thinning effects of aspirin and anticoagulants as well as garlic and ginkgo biloba

drug interactions with grapfruit

enhances effect of certain heart medication, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants

drug interactions with fish oil

enhances effectiveness of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin and aspirin, and certain blood pressure drugs

USDA food safety and inspection service (FSIS)

ensuring safe and accurately labeled meat, poultry, and eggs

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

ensuring the safety of all other foods besides meat, poultry, and eggs

bone growth occurs in

epiphyseal plate

adolescent bone growth occurs along the

epiphyseal plates

yohimbine purported use

erectile dysfunction and sexual dysfunction in women

what factors could affect too many calories, too little physical activity

excess calories from sugary drinks, sport drinks, high fat foods, larger portions less physical education at school

potential side effects of fish oil

excessive bleeding, fishy aftertaste in mouth, and allergic reaction in those with fish allergy

potential side effects of dong quai root

excessive bleeding. skin sensitivity, may be carcinogenic with long term use

vitamin A deficiencies effects

eye disease; blindness

during first few days, fertilized egg travels down _____ _____ to embed in lining of ______

fallopian tube, uterus

as long as the expiration date hasn't passed, packaged food is always safe to eat

false

food irradiation makes food radioactive

false

leftovers that have been stored in the fridge for a week will still be safe to eat

false

does growth increase compared with infancy

false, growth slows

washing your hands for 10 seconds under running water is necessary to reduce your chances of getting foodborne illness

false, it is not the correct way to wash your hands

foods that smell bad will give you foodborne illness if you consume them

false.

freezing foods kills bacteria

false.

The most common type of virus that causes foodborne illness is salmonella

false. Salmonella is a bacterium, not a virus

grilled chicken that is pink in the middle is never safe to eat

false. it's not the color but rather the internal temperature of the chicken that will determine if it is safe to eat

A severe shortage of food caused by crop destruction is called ___.

famine

potential side effects of licorice

fatigue, headache, high blood pressure, weakness, among others

food jags

favoring some foods to exclusion of others usually temporary

how can you get shigella

fecal to oral transmission by consuming contaminated food and water. Most outbreaks result from eating food, especially salads, prepared and handled by workers with poor personal hygiene

how to get enterotoxigenic escherichia coli

fecal to oral transmission, consuming stool contaminated water and foods from unsanitary water supplies and food establishments

how can you get toxoplasma gondii

fecal to oral transmission. can also get it from eating raw or uncooked meat and seafood

how you can get Hepatitis A (HAV)

fecal to oral transmission; eating raw produce irrigated with contaminated water; eating raw or undercooked foods that have not been properly reheated; drinking contaminated water

how can you get norovirus

fecal-to-oral transmission; eating read to eat foods or drinking liquids contaminated by an infected person; eating contaminated shellfish; touching contaminated objects and then putting hands in mouth

Summer food service program

federal program that combines a meal or feeding program with a summer activity program for children

To ensure that toddlers obtain adequate nutrients, it is important to ___.

feed them nutrient dense foods

during the first trimester what does the fertilized egg develop into

fertilized egg develops into a fetus

potential side effects of echinacea

fever, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, allergic reaction if also allergic to ragweek and other plants

examples of impaired immunity resulting in disease

fever, parasitic disease, pneumonia, measles, and malaria

why do older adults need to get adequate fiber and fluids

fiber reduces risk of diverticulosis, heart disease and other chronic illnesses they prevent constipation declining thirst mechanism increases risk of dehydration

because older adults are at increased risk for constipation, they need adequate _____ and _____ in their diets

fiber, fluid

when is the risk of miscarriage the greatest

first trimester

colostrum

fluid produced after birth that contains antibodies, protein, minerals, vitamin A

An inadequate intake of __________ during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects in the fetus.

folate

To reduce the risk of neural tube birth defects in infants, the mother-to-be should consume adequate amounts of ___ prior to conception.

folic acid

the agency that ensures safety foods and accurate food labeling is

food and drug administration (FDA)

consumers can help with _________ by watching for and reporting any suspicious food products

food biosecurity

how does food and drugs interact

food can delay or increase absorption of drugs ex: calcium binds with tetracycline decreasing absorption

Decreased mobility and financial hardship in older adults can sometimes lead to __________.

food insecurity

The inability to satisfy basic food needs due to lack of resources or other problems is called

food insecurity

_____ refers to the inability to satisfy basic food needs due to lack of financial resources or other problems

food insecurity

many older adults experience ____ due to factors like limited income, poor health, or impaired mobility

food insecurity

hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP)

food safety program of FDA and USDA

spectrum of food security

food security food insecurity malnutrition hunger starvation death

Irradation

food subjected to radiant energy source without causing harming chemical changes kills bacteria but not viruses Must be labeled and have "radura" logo

which of the following is not a factor that allows bacteria to thrive and multiply -chicken sitting in its own juice -foods kept between 40-140 degrees F -foods that contain very little proteint -food that sits out for an extended period of time

foods that contain very little protein

fiber needs for children

for bowel regularity 1 to 3 years: 19 g/day 4 to 8 years: 25 g/day

omega 3 fat DHA during pregnancy

for brain, retina in seafood

vitamin D needs for children

for healthy bones 1 to 8 years: 600 IU/day

choline during pregnancy

for healthy cell division, especially in brain

vitamin B12 during pregnancy

for nerve cells, red blood cells, production of nucleic acids

why is it important to get adequate folic acid

for new cells and baby's growth and development

how older adults get vitamin B12

fortified cereals, breads, and soy milk

which of these foods will help provide teen girls with the extra iron they need to offset what is lost during menstruation

fortified grain products and lean meat, poultry, and seafood

how should children eat

frequent, small meals with nutrient rich foods

A long history of safe use may lead to a "_______" classification

generally recognized as safe (GRAS)

All of the following factors contribute to the high rate of obesity among food insecure individuals EXCEPT ________.

genetic predisposition of impoverished individuals to being overweight or obese

Two potential complications of pregnancy that must be closely monitored by a health care provider are __________.

gestational diabetes and hypertension

what are potential complications during second trimester

gestational diabetes and hypertension

pregnancy induced hypertension includes

gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia

iodine deficiency effects

goiter, congenital hypothyroidism

how should solid foods be introduced

gradually

which of the following foods will increase a pregnant women's folate intake

green leafy vegetables. legumes, and citrus fruits

To monitor developmental progress of children, parents and health care providers can use ___.

growth charts

Infants and children may experience _____, or improper development, due to lack of proper nutrition

growth stunting

____ of all men and ____ of women in the US will develop cancer during lifetime

half, 1/3

which of the following may increase a women's risk for gestational diabetes

having high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and/or heart disease

Households at the greatest risk of experiencing food insecurity are those ___.

headed by a single women

People at the lowest risk for undernutrition include ___.

healthy adult men

what may help reduce the risk of alzeimer's

healthy diet, physical activity, social engagement

what should a women do to adopt a healthy lifestyle before conception

healthy weight adequate folic acid moderate fish and caffeine consumption avoid cigarettes and other toxic substances

Canning

heating food at high temperature to kill bacteria, packing food in airtight container

Pasteurization

heating liquids, food at high enough temperatures to destroy foodborne pathogens

One of the most common symptoms to occur in women during their third trimester is _____.

hemorrhoids

gestational hypertension

high blood pressure develops about halfway through pregnancy

High Pressure Processing (HPP)

high pressure pulses destroy microorganisms

Retort canning

high temperature after canning

Food insecurity exists worldwide, and global food production is __________ the needs of the world's population.

higher than

adolescent acne is largely caused by

hormonal changes

what food is the leading cause of fatal food-related choking in children

hot dogs

what foods should be avoided for children under four, choking hazards

hot dogs, nuts, whole grapes, round candy, popcorn, raisins, raw carrots

what kinds of foods are dangerous for infants and should be avoided

hot dogs, raw carrots, may present choking hazard food allergens, honey

All of the following groups are at greater risk of experiencing food insecurity EXCEPT ________.

households headed by a married couple

working poor

households where there is often too little money to feed everyone adequately, 60% of food insecurity

according to US Census Bureau, rates of food insecurity were greater for these groups

households with incomes below 185% of the poverty threshold households with children headed by a single woman

shigella can be found in

human intestinal tract; rarely found in other animals

Physical discomfort due to inadequate food is known as

hunger

Food insecurity is associated with which of the following conditions?

hunger malnutrition starvation and even death

When children do not receive the nutrients necessary to develop properly, they are likely to experience which of the following?

impaired brain development growth stunting lowered resistance to infection

Which social/environmental change is most likely to help Tia improve her nutrition status?

improved quality and selection of foods at local stores

Benefits of exercise during pregnancy

improves weight gain within targeted ranges decreases aches and pains lessens constipation improves energy levels reduces stress improves sleep lowers risk of gestational diabetes

experience of toxoplasma gondii

in pregnant women, can cause miscarriages, and birth defects

where you might find Hepatits A (HAV)

in the stool of infected individuals

where is norovirus found

in the stool or vomit of infected individuals

preeclampsia

includes hypertension and protein in urine, a sign of kidney damage, if untreated could lead to eclampsia

protein needs of a pregnant women

increase 35% to about 71 g/day

life expectancy has increased or decreased

increased advances in medical research, health care, public health policy

A contributing factor to childhood obesity and the low level of physical activity among children is __________.

increased screen time

potential side effects of yohimbine

increases blood pressure, heart rate, headache, anxiety, stomach upset, sleeplessness

drug interaction with kava kava

increases effectiveness of antianxiety drugs and sedatives

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

individuals may select foods of their choosing from the grocery store, with the exception of items like alcohol, tobacco, nonfood items, vitamins, and hot foods this program has the largest scope, serving 46.5 million Americans per month in 2014 A low income individual of any age has the potential to receive benefits

National School Lunch Program

individuals must be school-aged children Children from families with incomes below 130% of poverty level are eligible for free meals

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

individuals who are eligible are issued a debit card to purchase specific foods

ginkgo biloba

interferes with blood clotting, should not be taken with blood thinners Coumadin or aspirin

where can salmonella be found

intestinal tracts and feces of animals, eggs

where you can find campylobacter jejuni

intestinal tracts of animals and birds, raw milk, untreated water and sewage

Listeria monocytogenes is found

intestinal tracts of humans and animals, milk, soil, leafy vegetables; can grow slowly at refrigerator temperatures

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli can be found

intestinal tracts of some mammals and unpasteurized dairy products. major cause of traveler's diarrhea

where Escherichia Coli O157: H7 is found

intestinal tracts of some mammals; raw milk, unchlorinated water

What are the three nutrients most often added to foods during food fortification?

iodine, iron, and vitamin A

The three nutrients most often added to food are ___.

iodine, iron, vitamin A

During pregnancy, the requirement for which mineral is unlikely to be met through diet alone

iron

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians recommend that all formula-fed infants consume formulas fortified with __________.

iron

The most common nutrient deficiency among infants and young children is ___ deficiency.

iron

Young children are prone to ____ deficiency, which can interfere with their cognition and behavior

iron

teenage girls need more

iron needed for muscle growth, blood volume

What is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide?

iron deficiency

pregnancy teenagers may be short on

iron, folic acid, calcium, and calories

pregnant women who don't eat a balanced diet may not get enough of which nutrient

iron, folic acid, copper, zinc, calcium, and vitamin D

_____ is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide

iron-deficiency anemia

which of the following is a benefit of eating breakfast

it boosts academic performance it leads to higher school attendance rates it promotes a higher quality diet

which of the following is true about irradiation of foods

it extends shelf life

The USDA describes an American household as food secure if

it has access at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life for all household members

Which statement accurately describes life expectancy in the United States?

it has increased significantly since 1900

what is an effect of chronic malnutrition of infant and child mortality rates

it has increased, malnutrition passes from one generation to the next

Which of the following is true about breast milk?

it has nutritional advantages

which of the following is true about pasteurization

it helps food to stay fresh longer

which of the following statements is true about E. coli

it is a common cause of traveler's diarrhea

which of the following is FALSE about MSG

it is an example of a certified color additive

What is true about norovirus

it is the most common cause of foodborne illness

Food safety initiative (FSI)

joint effort of agencies has caused decline in foodborne illness

how to separate meat and non meat foods to combat cross contamination

keep raw meat, poultry, fish separate from other foods during preparation, storage, transport don't use meat marinades as serving sauce use separate knives and cutting boards, clean dish towels

zinc and copper during pregnancy

key to baby's cell growth

downward spiral of poverty and hunger

lack of food fatigue apathy, no ambition weight loss compromised health and disease anemia decreased growth malabsorption in GI tract loss of muscle mass

breast milk is high in

lactose, fat, B vitamins

macrosomia

large baby, weighing more than 8 pounds, 13 ounce

throughout the world, _____ are characterized by lower levels of economic productivity and higher rates of food insecurity

least developed countries

how long should leftovers be kept in the refrigerator and raw meats

leftover no more than 4 days and raw meats 2 days

a low birth weight baby is a baby who is born weighing

less than 5.5 pounds

for individuals born around 1900, the _____ was around 47 years

life expectancy

food insecurity

limited access to adequate, nutritious food

which foodborne pathogen is associated with miscarriages, premature labor, low birth weight, developmental problems, and even infant death

listeria monocytogenes

potential side effects of kava kava

liver damage, long term use may result in scaly, yellowed skin, drowsiness

milk thistle purported use

liver disorders

what king of surfaces do bacteria flourish on

living and nonliving surfaces

what do viruses require in order to survive

living host

what can be done to reduce food insecurity

local level, individuals, families, churches, and community relief agencies seek out and assist people who have insufficient resources; corporations and governments can help

eligibility of SNAP

low income (for a family of 4, the net monthly income cannot exceed 2,665)

In the united states the number are higher or lower than many other countries having food insecurity

lower

garlic purported use

lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels

why older adults need nutrient rich food

lower metabolic rate reduces daily calorie needs and makes higher quality food even more necessary to supply nutrients

what could be a result of gestational diabetes

macrosomia and increase risk of jaundice, breathing problems, birth defects

Bovine spongiform ecephalopathy (BSE)

mad cow disease caused by prions

gaining excess weight may

make it difficult to lose weight after deliver cause overweight in mother for years increase risk that baby will be obese later in life

how are some bacteria beneficial

make vitamin K and biotin in intestines, used to make yogurt and cheese

some fish contain naturally-occurring ______

marine toxins

what cells deal with food allergy

mast cells, antibodies attach to these cells, setting the state for future allergic reaction

how can political sanctions (boycotts and trade embargoes) affect food

may cause food shortages and famine

why should honey not be fed to infants

may contain a bacteria that causes botulism, which is fatal

drug interactions with ginseng

may enhance drugs used to reduce blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes, do not combine with the anticoagulant warfarin. enhances the blood thinning actions of vitamin E, garlic, and ginkgo biloba

drug interactions with licorice

may reduce effectiveness of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin

Meals on wheels America

meals are delivered to an individual's home or to community sites Individuals must be over 60 years of age to be eligible for this program

drug interactions with milk thistle

medications that lower blood glucose levels

why do older adults needs fewer calories

metabolic rate declines with age, reducing calorie needs

parasites

microscopic organisms that take nourishment from hosts, often transmitted by fecal-oral route

potential side effects of coenzyme Q10

mild stomach upset, decreased appetite, nausea, diarrhea, rash, low blood pressure

prolactin causes

milk to be produced

oxytocin causes

milk to be released (let down response)

calcium foods

milk, fortified soy drink/orange juice

listeria monocytogenes may cause

miscarriage, premature labor, low birth weight, developmental problems, or infant death

alcohol causing cancer

moderate to heavy consumption associated with head and neck, breast, colorectal, esophageal and liver cancers

large quantities of _______ can cause short-term symptoms in individuals sensitive to it

monosodium glutamate (MSG)

Precut, prewashed produce such as baby carrots or bagged salad greens are __.

more expensive than whole, unwashed produce

what is a big myth of pregnancy

morning sickness only happens in the morning

drug interactions with st johns wort

must avoid with may medications, alert pharmacist and doctor about st johns wort use

potential side effects of vitamin E

nausea, diarrhea, stomach cramps, fatigue, rash, excessive amounts can interfere with blood clotting, causing bruising and bleeding

why older adults need adequate iron rich foods

necessary for strong immune system and transportation of oxygen to cells and tissues

_____ can cause symptoms like numbness, tingling, headaches, and dizziness

neurotoxins

why are newborns given a single injection of vitamin K

newborns lack the intestinal bacteria needed to synthesize vitamin K

_____ are salts used in cured meats like ham and hot dogs

nitrates

how can diets high in red and/or processed meat cause cancer

nitrites in processed meats can react with amino acids to form cancer promoting compounds

is steady employment a guarantee of food security

no it is not

what is the limit for supplements

no more than 3000 IU/day

is color a reliable indicator

no, meat may look brown but be undercooked and cooked chicken may still look pink

potential side effects of grapfruit

none known

what is the recommended rate of weight gain weekly in the second and third trimester

normal weight: 1 (.8-1) underweight: 1 (1-1.3) overweight: .6 (.5-.7)

what should you do to avoid early childhood caries

not let the infant sleep with bottles

drug interactions with hawthorn

not much evidence, but may interact with certain heart medications

Rates of ____ have doubles in children in the past 30 years

obesity

Which of the following health issues is NOT a contributor to food insecurity among Americans?

obesity

Which two conditions with a dietary etiology are occurring more frequently in children and teens?

obesity and type 2 diabetes

Who are at a higher risk for Foodborne illness?

older adults, young children, and those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to ill effects

what may help rheumatoid arthritis

omega 3 fats in seafood

when are solid foods safe

once they have met certain milestones

in older adult vitamin A can cause

osteoporosis and fractures with overconsumption

radiation causing cancer

overexposure to UV radiation (sunlight), pesticides, and compounds (benzene)

Which hormone stimulates the release of breast milk?

oxytocin

the hormone that triggers the let down response that causes milk to be released from the mother's breast to feed the baby is

oxytocin

closed (coded) dating

packing numbers used by manufacturers on nonperishable foods to track inventory, rotate stock, identify products that may need to be recalled

arthritis

painful inflammation in joints may be eased by supplements glucosamine and chondroitin

Which of the following is true about feeding children?

parents are responsible for what their children eat

what causes foodborne illness

pathogen (viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungal agents or prions)

Disease-causing microorganisms are called

pathogens

low calcium, vitamin D intake can cause low _____, increased fracture risk

peak bone mass soft drinks and diet sodas displace milk in diet

what influences teen eating behaviors

peer influence, defiance of authority may prompt different diets, negative habits, busy schedule may influence food choices, increase snacking

People who are least likely to experience food insecurity are ___.

people with steady, well paid jobs

breast feeding provides

physical, emotional, and financial benefits for mothers

how can you reduce the risk of cancer with a healthy diet

phytonutrients antioxidants retinoids omega 3 fatty acids fiber

the abnormal cravings for nonfood items, such as cornstarch, clay, dirt, or baking soda, is known as

pica

_____ usually involves avoidance of new foods, while a _____ represents a preference for a certain limited number of foods at the exclusion of other

picky eating, food jag

nutrients are passed from the mother to the fetus through the

placenta and umbilical cord

A good way to shop smart is to ___.

plan out your meals for the week, make a list, and stick to it

chemical agents that can occur as by products of industrial pollution and be consumed by humans are

polychlorinated biphenyls

examples of least developed countries

poorest countries of Africa, Venezuela, Cuba

potential side effects of black cohosh

possible headache, stomach discomfort, rash, possible liver dysfunction

vitamin E purported use

possible reduction in risk of heart disease and Alzheimer's disease

potential side effects of garlic

possible stomach and intestinal discomfort

potential side effects of ginkgo biloba

possible stomach and intestinal discomfort

which foods are most commonly associated with food-borne illnesses caused by salmonella

poultry and eggs

In the united states, food insecurity is often caused by

poverty

The most common cause of food insecurity in developed countries is ________.

poverty

in developed countries, food insecurity typically results from

poverty or poor health

pregnant teenagers have a higher risk of

pregnancy induced hypertension, premature and low birth weight babies

breast feeding helps with

pregnancy recovery; reduces risk of some chronic diseases, diarrhea, meningitis, respiratory, ear, and UTIs, obesity, intellectual development

who is at increased risk for undernutrition

pregnant and lactating women infants and children the critically ill older adults

Which of the following populations are at increased risk for undernutrition?

pregnant and lactating women infants and children the critically ill and older adults

food additives include

preservatives, nutrients, and flavor enhancers

calcium and vitamin D during pregnancy

preserve bone mass

most additives are

presevatives

calcium purported use

prevent osteoporosis

what do preservatives prevent and increase

prevent spoilage and increase shelf life

stunting

primarily manifested in early childhood and includes malnutrition during fetal development; once it occurs, it usually permanent

tabacco causing cancer

primary cause of lung cancer, mainly among smokers but also from secondhand smoke

_____ are extremely rare but deadly infectious agent

prions

to prevent neural tube birth defects, at what stage of pregnancy should a woman take 400 micrograms of folic acid

prior to conception

lactation

production of breast milk in women's body after childbirth

what is the most common cancer or men

prostate cancer

animal and plant health inspection service (APHIS)

protecting against plant and animal pests and disease

Environmental protection agency (EPA)

protecting you and the environment from harmful pesticides

adults of any age who have coronary heart disease should be following a heart healthy diet that limits all of the except

protein from plant sources

iron foods

provide lean meats, iron fortified grains (cereal)

meals on wheels america

provides meals at a community site or delivered to the home

National School Lunch Program (NSLP)

provides nutritionally balanced, low cost for free lunches standards set in dietary guidelines for americans

Child and Adult Care Food Program

provides nutritious meals to low income children and senior adults who receive day care or adult car outside the home.

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

provides nutritious, culturally appropriate food, including tortillas, brown rice, soy based beverages

older americans act (1965)

provides support and services for ages 60 and older, including nutrition education and congregate meals

why older adults need adequate protein

provides the amino acids to preserve lean tissue and bones

potential side effects of hawthorn

rare, but may cause stomach upset, headache, dizziness

what foods to avoid eating during pregnancy

raw and undercooked meat, fish, or poultry; unpasteurized milk, cheese, juices; raw sprouts

kava kava purported use

reduce anxiety, stress, insomnia

st. johns wort purported use

reduce depression, anxiety, fatigue

black cohosh purported use

reduce hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms

sodium intake for older adults

reduce intake to <1500 mg/dat

ginkgo biloba purported use

reduce memory loss, dementia

fish oil purported use

reduce triglycerides and blood pressure, eye conditions, decrease inflammation

why older adults need Vitamin B12

reduced production of stomach acid that releases naturally occurring vitamin B12 from foods.

Modified atmosphere packing (MAP)

reducing oxygen inside packages of fruits/vegetables

in developing and least developed countries, food insecurity results from

regional problems, such as discrimination, armed conflict, natural disaster, and population overgrowth

purported use of dong quai root

relieve menstrual and menopausal symptoms

autism spectrum disorder (ASD) possible diet strategies

restrict glutens, casein (milk protein), food allergens, increase vitamins/minerals may involve GI tract, immune system

drug interaction of black cohosh

risk of interactions appears to be small

what natural mechanisms help newborns eat

rooting reflex suck/swallow reflex tongue thrust reflex gag reflex

In addition to food, the primary means of reducing hunger includes ___.

safe water

nitrites and nitrates

salts added to prevent microbial growth form carcinogenic nitrosamines

Boycotts or trade embargoes used by one group to apply political pressure on another are called ___.

sanctions

what are the 2 stages of food allergies

sensitization and allergic reaction

to avoid cross-contaminations, it is best to

separate raw meats from produce

To increase the amount of iron in children's diets, consider ___.

serving enriched breakfast cereals

always eat when ______ ____, never while ____ ___ ____

sitting up, riding in a car

heartburn and constipation treatment

small, frequent meals and avoiding spicy food can help heartburn more fiber rich foods

do children have smaller or larger appetites

smaller, lower calorie needs

what may decrease sperm production and function

smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, obesity

Older adults should avoid foods high in ___.

sodium

where clostridium perfringens can be found

soil, dust, sewage, and intestinal tracts of animals and humans. Grows only in environments with little or no oxygen

Which of the following is true about feeding infants?

solid foods should be introduced gradually

grapefruit purported use

source of vitamin C and phytonutrients

Most commercially made infant formulas are modified from __________.

soy or cow's milk

The ___ is a food assistance program that provides nutritious food, education, and referrals to health care professionals.

special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children

Which food assistance program serves at-risk, low-income pregnant and lactating women?

special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC)

asolescence

stage of life between start of puberty and adulthood many hormonal, physical, and emotional changes

Prolonged very low food security can lead to ___.

starvation

____ may occur when hunger is prolonged

starvation

prolonged hunger can lead to

starvation

potential side effects of saw palmetto

stomach upset

potential side effects of st. johns wort

stomach upset, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, skin tingling

what should the father do prior to conception

stop smoking limit alcohol maintain a healthy weight consume a balanced diet

ginseng purported use

stress reduction, enhance immunity, stimulant

the first year of a child's life

supplement diet with vitamins K and D and sources of iron or iron fortified foods avoid common food allergens, honey, and herbal tea consume breast milk or formula as primary source of calories do not start drinking cow's milk until after first year introduce solid foods gradually and one at a time avoid too much fiber and excessive amounts of juice

Iron needed during pregnancy

supplement needed for red blood cells, anemia prevention, fetal development

Of all the programs feeding millions of people in the United States, which serves the greatest amount of people?

supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP)

Women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant should avoid eating __________.

swordfish

treatment of norovirus

symptoms usually abate without treatment; fluid replacement may be necessary to treat dehydration due to vomiting and/or diarrhea

What should you do with the circular that is usually available near the store's entrance?

take one to find out what's on sale and buy only the items that are already are on your list

New foods must be offered ___ times or more before they are accepted.

ten

some additives enhance and improve

texture, consistency and nutrient content

which of the following milestones indicate an infant is ready to accept solid foods

the infant's tongue-thrust reflex has fades the infant can sit up with or without support the infant has doubled their birth weight to a least 13 pounds

what is pasteurization

the process of heating food and liquids to a high enough temperature to kill pathogens

What affects the health of a mans sperm

there diet and lifestyle

Which of the following is true about the working poor?

they are steadily employed in low wage jobs

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

they are the ones that gain statistics about nutrition worldwide

how does discrimination and inequality promote poverty

they contribute to reduced employment, lower educational achievement, fewer business opportunities

herbal remedies and medication

they might be unsafe with medication ex: ginkgo biloba interferes with blood clotting, should not be taken with blood thinners Coumadin or aspirin

Which of the following is true about nutrient needs of toddlers and preschoolers?

they need all the nutrients that older people need

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children(WIC)

this program serves pregnant and lactating women, plus children under 5 years old

when is infant formula a healthy alternative to breast milk pertaining to women

those with HIV, AIDS, human T-cell leukemia, tuberculosis, chemotherapy, radiation, or drug users

when is infant formula a healthy alternative to breast milk pertaining to infants

those with galactosemia cannot metabolize lactose and shouldn't be fed it

Chronic malnutrition can result in ___.

tissue breakdown

why older adults need calcium

to help prevent the loss of bone mass with age

which of the following tips will NOT help toddlers develop healthy eating habits

toddlers should be limited to only three meals a day

growth charts

track physical development head circumference, length, weight, and weight for length

echinacea purported use

treat common cold

saw palmetto purported use

treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Which of the following is true about childhood type 2 diabetes?

treatment involves the entire family

coenzyme Q10 purported use

treatment of heart and blood vessel condition

E.coli is considered a bacterium that could be used for bioterrorism

true

the temperature for your refrigerator should be set at 40 degrees Fahrenheit or below

true

Because meat can be expensive, a cost-effective way to get enough protein in your diet is to ___.

try a meatless dinner -- with beans or peanut butter -- one night a week

After her prenatal appointment, Monica went to eat lunch at the hospital cafeteria. Which of the following menu items should she select in order to meet her goal of reducing the risk of listeriosis, but still eat a healthful lunch?

turkey burger with swiss cheese and tomatoes on a whole-wheat bun

how to wash your fruits and vegetables

under cold running water, scrub firm skins with vegetable brush

are causes of morning sickness known or unknown

unknown but fluctuation hormone levels may play a role

If Monica fears she has eaten food that may cause listeriosis, how soon might she experience symptoms of the illness?

up to 3 months

The only accurate method for determining whether cooked food is safe to eat is to

use a food thermometer

how to be mindful of portion sizes for children

use child size cups and plates tailor portions to child's needs

DNA fingerprinting

used in food safety to distinguish between different strains of a bacteriu,

What is the most effective means of preventing Hepatitis A

vaccination

licorice purported use

various disorders, including infections

Households with multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and a reduced food intake are classified as having ________.

very low food security

farm to table continuum

visual tool showing food safeguards from farmer to consumer

What deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children in developing countries?

vitamin A

too much of what vitamin can be toxic and increase risk for birth defects

vitamin A

Older adults often require more ___.

vitamin B12

Vegans may need a reliable source of ___.

vitamin B12

Ryan is a healthy 3 month old baby who is exclusively breast fed. which of the following nutrients should be added to his diet

vitamin D

what vitamin is needed because there is not enough in breast milk to prevent rickets

vitamin D

All infants born in the United States receive an injection of which nutrient at birth?

vitamin K

what vitamin injection is needed due to sterile gut

vitamin K

To prevent fecal-to-oral transmission, it is important to

wash hands after using the bathroom

what is the best way to minimize bacteria and dirt on your fruit

wash it at home

To clean fruits and vegetable, it is best to

wash them under cold running tap water

what may you experience if getting norovirus

watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flulike symptoms, possible fever

when should infants eat

when they are hungry not on a set schedule cues are waking/tossing, sucking on fist and crying

fiber foods

whole grains, fruits, vegetables

which of the following foods would be the best source of dietary calcium for a young toddler

whole or low-fat milk fortified orange juice fortified soy beverage

Clostridium botulinum is found

widely distributed in nature in soil, water, on plants, and in the intestinal tracts of animals and fish. Grows only in environments with little or no oxygen

1/3 of childhood deaths in developing countries are associated with

with chronic hunger and malnutrition

2/3 of almost 750 million illiterate adults in the world are ____

women

vulnerable groups

women, elderly, people with disabilities, refugees, orphans, migrant workers, the illiterate

should the well balanced diet after delivery be similar to the diet during pregnancy

yes, should still avoid alcohol and illicit drugs, limit caffeine, and follow FDA's guidelines on fish consumption

in older adults, which of the following is a mineral important to a healthy immune system

zinc

what minerals are associated with healthy sperm

zinc and folate