BIOL 1322 Exam 4
An outbreak of which disease prompted the FDA to ban the use of contaminated meat and bone meal as feed for animals?
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
examples of developing contries
Brazil, China, India, Saudi Arabia
what is considered deep poverty
$12,694
a family of 4 is considered impoverished if its annual income is at or below
$24,339
toddlers age
1 to 3 years
fluid needs for children
1 to 3 years: 4 cups/day 3 to 5 years: 5 cups/day
iron needs for children
1 to 3 years: 7 mg/day 4 to 8 years: 10 mg/day
calcium nutrient needs for children
1 to 3 years: 700 mg/day 4 to 8 years: 1000 mg/day
what is the typical weight gain in the first trimester
1 to 4.5 pounds
__ in __ people in the world suffer from food insecurity
1, 10 (10%)
children may need to be exposed to a food ___ before accepting it
10 to 15 times
The proper use of irrigation can increase crop yield by ______.
100 to 400 percent
approximately how many calories do active toddlers ages 2 to 3 require each day
1000 to 1400 calories
how many calories do children ages 2 to 3 need
1000 to 1400 calories daily
world population will reach ____ by 2100
11.2 billion, puts added strain on food production and nutritional status
when should an infant weigh triple their birth weight
12 months
A breastfeeding woman should drink about __________ cups of water and beverages daily:
13
Approximately ______ percent of households in the United States were food insecure in 2013.
14
shellfish/fish temperatuer
145 F
In the United States, approximately what percentage of households were food insecure at least sometime in 2011?
15
how many minutes of exercise should a pregnant women get
150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week
the second 6 months how much breast milk does the mother produces
16 ounces/day
other meats besides poultry temperature
160 F
temperature for poultry
165 F
Pregnant women need a minimum of ___ grams of carbohydrate per day.
175
how many grams of carbohydrates is needed for pregnant women
175 g/day
research suggests that food allergies in children have increased by ____ percent over the last decade
18
stage 1 of immune response to food allergy
1: first allergen contact 2: immune system creates antibodies 3: antibodies attach to mast cells
wash your hands for at least ____ seconds
20
in the first 6 months the mother produces how much breast milk
24 ounces/day
At birth baby Peyton weighs 8 pounds. If his growth and development are normal, what would you expect Peyton to weigh at his first birthday?
24 pounds
Women with a healthy pre-pregnancy weight, gain an average of __________ pounds during pregnancy.
25 to 35
a women who begins pregnancy at a healthy weight should gain ___ pounds during pregnancy
25 to 35
a women who enters pregnancy underweight (a body mass index less than 18.5) is encouraged to gain _____ pounds during pregnancy
28 to 40
what is the average weight/height gain in the second year
3 to 5 pounds 3 to 5 inches
preschoolers ages
3 to 5 years old
during the second trimester of pregnancy, a women who began her pregnancy at a healthy weight should increase her daily calorie intake by
340 calories
how much more calories should be consumed in second trimester than before pregnancy
340 calories, about 1 pound/week
about how much weight gain is advised for a women having twins
37 - 54 pounds
after the second year of age about how much per year do they grow
4.5 to 6.5 pounds 2.5 to 3.5 inches
a full-term pregnancy is approximately __ weeks long
40
to prevent bacteria from multiplying, keep foods at or below this temperature
40 degrees F
full term pregnancy is approximately how many weeks long
40 weeks long 3 trimesters
bacteria multiply quickly between __ degrees F and __ degrees F
40, 140
folate/ folic acid needs during pregnancy
400 mcg/day before conception, continued after
for the second 6 months how much extra calories are needed for the mother
400/day
The World Health Organization estimates that approximately ________ of all childhood deaths in developing countries are associated with malnutrition.
45%
By the end of the third trimester, a woman needs an additional __________ calories per day.
450
during the third trimester how much calories should a women be taking
450 extra calories/day and gaining about 1 pound/week
stage 2 of immune response to food allergy
4: subsequent allergen contact 5: strawberry allergens attach to antibody-mast cell complex 6: histamine released from mast cells 7: allergic reaction triggered
in starvation, adults can lose ___ % of body weight
50
approximately how many calories a day does it take to produce milk during the first six months of lactation
500 calories
for the first 6 months how much extra calories are needed for the mother
500/day
when should iron-rich foods be introduced to children
6 months
when should an infant weigh double their birth weight
6 months of age
school aged children
6 to 11 years old
how many calories of body weight for the first 6 months of infants
82
how much caffeine is the max recommended to consume and how much per day could delay conception
<200mg >500 per day
____ is found in the intestinal tracts of animals and birds, raw milk, untreated water, and sewage
Campylobacter jejuni
_____ is a type of bacteria that grows well in environments with little to no oxygen and can be obtained from eating improperly canned foods, garlic in oil, honey, vacuum-packaged, or tightly wrapped food
Clostridium botulinum
which federal agency coordinates efforts to safeguard and protect food and water in the United states from bioterrorism
Department of homeland security
_____ is a pathogen that may cause small children and older adults to experience hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that causes acute kidney failure
Escherichia Coli O157: H7
food additives are closely regulated by
FDA
which federal agency must approve most additives used in foods
FDA
Farm to table continuum
Farm, Processing, Transportation, Retail, Consumer
____ can appear 30 days after incubation and may last from 2 weeks to 6 months
Hepatitis A (HAV)
Why is preeclampsia dangerous?
It increases the risk of low birth weight babies
____ infection is of greatest concern to pregnant women and those with a comprised immune system
Listeria
____ is a bacteria that may be found on deli meats and ready-to-eat foods
Listeria monocytogenes
What foodborne pathogen is NOT considered a potential bioterrorism agent
Listeriosis
To improve her chances of conceiving a healthy baby, a women should
Moderate fish and caffeine consumption attain a healthy weight get adequate folic acid
____ is found in the stool or vomit of infect individuals and can result in watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flulike symptoms, and potentially, a fever
Norovirus
Which of the following correlations is FALSE? A comprised immune system can result in hemolytic uremic syndrome Norovirus can cause traveler's diarrhea in some people Cleaning the cat litter without hand washing can spread parasites Raw milk and raw meat can cause Guillain-Barre syndrome
Norovirus can cause traveler's diarrhea in some people
In which type of food would you find sulfites and why?
On dried fruits and vegetables, to prevent oxidation and inhibit the growth of microbes
_________ are synthetic chemicals that do not break down over time. They exist in the food supply due to industrial pollution
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
In which step of the Farm-to-Table Continuum are the food code guidelines used to reduce the risk of foodborne illness?
Retail
risk of pregnant women using nicotine, alcohol and illicit drugs
SIDS, FASDS, birth defects
Tia looks into food assistance programs to help her provide nutritious food for her family. For which programs is her family most likely to be eligible?
SNAP and National School Lunch program
____ is a bacteria that often is associated with eating raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, meat, or raw milk and dairy products
Salmonella
what marine toxin results in excess histamine and can cause symptoms such as flushing, sweating, and vomiting
Scombrotoxic fish poising
Which of the following statements about food marketing is true?
Some food companies have found it effective to market products specifically to preschoolers using licensed cartoon characters.
____ can be found on human skin and the mucous membranes of the mouth
Staphylococcus aureus
Examples of developed countries
US, Canada, Australia, Western Europe
____ occurs when an individual's nutrient and/or energy needs are not being met through diet
Undernutrition
hidden hunger
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can cause blindness, anemia, and other problems
wasting
a condition caused by extremely low energy intake from too little food, sometimes referred to as acute malnutrition
After the eighth week of pregnancy, the developing embryo is known as ________.
a fetus
Where can you donate your time to help the nutritional status of hungry people in your community?
a food bank
Alzheimer's disease
a form of dementia
developed country
a nation advanced in industrial capability, technological sophistication, and economic productivity
least developed countries
a nation that is least advanced in those areas
developing country
a nation that is relatively less advanced in those areas
Which of the following is an example of food marketing that targets preschoolers?
a picture of a cartoon character on a cereal box
type 2 diabetes
ability to maintain glucose blood level diminishes with age most people with this illness are overweight
food allergy
abnormal reaction by immune system to a particular good
ways to help women older than 35 during pregnancy
achieve healthy weight prior to conception, avoid smoking, eat balanced diet, consume adequate folic acid
bacteria thrive under what conditions
adequate nutrients moisture correct pH correct temperatures time
young children following vegetarian diet need
adequate vitamin D, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12
Which of the following is true about the iron status of teens?
adolescent girls need more iron to support the onset of menstruation
food intolerance
adverse reaction to a food that does not involve immune response ex: lactose intolerance
eligibility meals on wheels America
age 60 or over
importance of breakfast
aids mental function, academic performance, school attendance rates, psychosocial function , mood
Clostridium botulinum spores can survive in
airtight container, usually in home canning
potential side effects of milk thistle
allergic reactions in people who are allergic to ragweek and other plants, may lower blood glucose levels, some gastrointestinal discomfort
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behavior with food
also called ADD avoidance of certain foods may help sugar often blamed but lack evidence nutritional advice from registered dietitian may help counter effects of medication, disruptive mealtimes
Chronic malnutrition is the long-term outcome of consuming a diet that contains __________.
an imbalance of nutrients
hunger
an individual level physiological condition that may result from food insecurity
iron deficiency effects
anemia, most common nutritional disorder worldwide, 1/2 of pregnant women in developing countries
drug interactions with saw palmetto
anticoagulants, birth control pills
____ neutralizes free radicals which may help prevent cancer from spreading to nearby tissues
antioxidants
what may help protect sperm from free radical damage
antioxidants (vitamins C and E, carotenoids)
sulfites
antioxidants that prevent browning, inhibit microbial growth
a household food insecurity when
any of its members do not have the resources they need to get adequate amounts of nutritious food
food deserts
are areas with the absence of a supermarket within 1.4 miles of a residence
food swamps
areas with a high density of establishments selling high calorie fast food and junk food, relative to healthier options
severe _____ can impact mobility, making it difficult to obtain and prepare meals
arthritis
composition of breast milk changes
as infant grows
what physiological needs are needed in order for infants to consume solid foods
at least 13 pounds tongue thrust reflex has faded swallowing skills matured has head and neck control and able to sit with support
what is freezer temperature
at or below 0 degrees F
eligibility of WIC
at risk, low income pregnant and lactating women, infants, and children less than 5 years old
what marks the first trimester
at the moment of conception
placenta
attached to the fetus via the umbilical cord
eligibility of child and adult care food program
available to communities based on income data
eligibility of summer food service program
available to communities based on income data
Which food is most likely to contain carcinogens?
bacon
Foodborne illness, or food poisoning, is usually caused by
bacteria
experience of clostridium botulinum
bacteria produce a toxin that causes illness by affecting the nervous system. Double vision, droopy eyelids, trouble speaking and swallowing, and difficulty breathing
For food fortification to work, the food chosen to carry the extra nutrients must ___.
be a staple in the community's food supply
Treatment of preeclampsia
bed rest, medication, even hospitalization until baby can be safely delivered
you should wash your hands
before you eat on site or with a sanitary wipe if soap and water are not available
what can be done specifically to reduce food insecurity
better land management and proper sanitation fortification of foods education individuals can help
food and water can be a target of ______, where a dangerous agent is used to frighten, threaten, coerce, injure, and/or kill individuals
bioterrorism
drug interactions with ginkgo biloba
blood thinning drugs and aspirin, enhances the blood thinning actions of vitamin E and garlic
Which of the following is a physiological change that occurs with age?
blunted thirst mechanism
in healthy individuals, ______ increases through early adulthood
bone mineral density (BMD)
what is the most common cancer or women
breast cancer
when is peak bone mass typically achieved
by early adulthood
adolescents need _____ and _____ for bone growth
calcium, vitamin D
Nutrients that are especially important for the adolescent growth spurt are ___
calcium, vitamin D, and iron
which nutrients are particularly important during adolescence to ensure adequate bone and muscle growth
calcium, vitamin D, and iron
open dating
calendar date on perishable foods to indicate food quality (not food safety) labeled with "sell by" or "use by" date if product is not stored at proper temperature, may be unsafe even if used by the date
how can you get clostridium perfringens
called "the cafeteria germ" because many outbreaks result from eating food left for long periods in steam tables at improper temperatures or at room temperature. Bacteria are destroyed by cooking, but some spores may survive
what are the 3 most common bacteria
campylobacter, E. coli, salmonella
eclampsia
can cause seizures in mother and is major cause of death of women during pregnancy
Consumption of red and processed meats, plus alcohol are associated with increased risk of __________.
cancer
what is thought to cause most cancers
carcinogens
A study done with 40 preschool children showed that they preferred food items with __________.
cartoon characters on on them
drug interactions with vitamin E
certain immunosuppressive drugs, anticoagulants, such as warfarin, statins used to lower cholesterol, and large amounts of niacin
industrial chemicals causing cancer
certain metals (nickels), pesticides, and compounds (benzene)
frozen produce is
cheaper than fresh, and so nutritious, if not more so
The federal food assistance program that provides nutritious meals to low-income children and senior adults who receive day care or adult care outside the home is the ________.
child and adult care food program
which of these factors is/are associated with the high rate of obesity among school-age children
children are overeating, taking in excessive energy. Children are not getting enough physical activity to expend the energy they consume. Children are spending too much time on their screens
eligibility of National School Lunch Program
children with families with incomes at or below 130% of the poverty level are eligible for free meals and those with incomes between 130% and 185% of the poverty level
how older adults get vitamin D
choose food products containing them like fortified milk, yogurt, and cereals. Add supplements if needed
how older adults can get nutrient rich food
choose foods in each food group that are low in added sugar, fat, and sodium
how older adults can get iron rich foods
choose lean meat, fish, poultry, foods with vitamin C to increase absorption
A healthy diet is especially important for older adults due to __________.
chronic diseases
an estimated 1/3 of childhood deaths in developing countries are associated with
chronic hunger and malnutrition
what health problems contribute to food insecurity among americans
chronic illness, disability, substance abuse, mental illness
Fight BAC for food safety
clean separate cook chill
The "4 Cs" of food safety are
cleaning, combating cross-contamination, cooking, and chilling
in cured meats what does nitrites and nitrates prevent
clostridium botulinum
The "cafeteria germ" that causes outbreaks of illness from eating food left at room temperature is
clostridium perfringens
MSG is a
common flavor enhancer may cause headache, nausea, and other side effects
The authors of this particular study recommended that __________.
companies not use licensed cartoon characters to market junk food
hawthorn purported use
congestive heart failure
a _____ can provide nutritious food and socialization for older adults
congregate meal
A social program that can help insure older adults meet their nutrient needs is __________.
congregate meals program
potential side effects of calcium
constipation; deposits in body
how older adults get calcium
consume 3 servings of dairy foods daily
what should the mother do the during the first trimester
consume a balanced diet continue getting folic acid take an iron rich supplement limit caffeine avoid too much vitamin A avoid foodborne illness continue exercising
what should the mother do prior to conception
consume a balanced diet maintain a healthy weight add folic acid to diet limit caffeine avoid certain fish with high levels of methylmercury avoid alcohol, herbs, illicit drugs, and smoking exercise regularly
what should the mother do during the first year the child's life
consume a balanced diet with adequate calories and fluids for breast feeding nursing mothers should avoid drugs, smoking and alcohol limit caffeine avoid certain fish with high levels of methylmercury
what should the mother do during the second trimester
consume a balanced diet with adequate calories for growth continue exercising
what should the mother do during the third trimester
consume a balanced diet with adequate calories for growth eat frequent small meals if more comfortable choose high fiber foods drink plenty of fluids continue nonimpact exercises
The production and function of sperm may decrease if the male
consumes a diet deficient in zinc, folate, and/or antioxidants abuses alcohol and smokes is obese
what nutrients and behaviors are important in the second trimester
consumption of adequate calories, carbohydrate, and protein to support growth
what is the problem in some fish
contain methylmercury
hypertension
controlled with medication, weight loss/physical activity, limiting alcohol/sodium
six month old Lauren is ready to eat solid foods. which of the following foods is/are healthy and safe options to introduce in her diet
cooked rice cereal, pureed meat, oatmeal
cancer causing agents in foods and beverages
cooking meat, poultry, fish at high temperatures forms heterocyclic amines (HCA), polyacrylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
what is the number one cause of death
coronary heart disease
how could the government affect food supply
could divert money from nutrition programs and food distribution efforts
why is formula the best alternative to breast feeding
cows milk doesn't meet nutritional needs too high in potassium and sodium too low in fat and linoleic acid iron is poorly absorbed
pica
craving for nonfood substances, such as cornstarch, clay, dirt, baking soda
The developmental stages during which cells of the fetus rapidly grow and differentiate to form body structures are called ___.
critical periods
what causes food insecurity and poverty around the globe
crop failure, natural disasters, wasteful agricultural practices, and population overgrowth
how can older adults get adequate protein
dairy, eggs, seafood, and chicken at every meal and snack
breast-feeding can
decrease the risk of the baby developing respiratory and ear infections reduce the women's risk of type 2 diabetes help women reduce their risk of breast cancer
why older adults need adequate fluid
decreased ability of kidneys to concentrate urine and a blunted thirst mechanism, which can increase risk of dehydration
why older adults need vitamin D
decreased ability to make the active form of vitamin D, which decreases the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and increases the risk of osteoporosis
drug interactions with echinacea
decreased effectiveness of immune suppressing medications and drugs that are changed by the body
drug interactions with coenzyme Q10
decreased efficiency of some cancer medications; enhanced effect of drugs to lower blood pressure, decreases warfarin effectiveness
drug interaction of calcium
decreases the absorption of antibiotics, bisphosphates, digoxin, high blood pressure medication, medications used to regulate heart beat, and more
physical changes that occur during adolescence include all of the following except
decreasing body fat stores
iron for older adults
deficiency uncommon but may result from lack of diet, chronic malabsorption, intestinal blood loss, kidney disease, cancer, arthritis
failure to thrive (FTT)
delayed in physical growth or size or does not gain enough weight
pregnant women should avoid eating what to prevent contamination with listeria
deli meats, hot dogs, salami, unpasteurized milk and cheese, undercooked or raw meat, chicken, or fish, raw alfalfa and broccoli sprouts, celery, and cantaloupes
Teenaged mothers are more likely to ___.
develop pregnancy-induced hypertension
Food insecurity is a problem in ________.
developed nations least developed nations developing nations
iron deficiency can lead to
developmental delays
critical period
developmental stages in first trimester when cells and tissue rapidly grow and differentiate to form body structures
Toxoplasma gondii found
develops in cats and passed on through their feces
for older people what can add risk for heart disease and stroke
diabetes and hypertension
women older than 35 are more likely to develop
diabetes and hypertension
gestational diabetes
diabetes that occurs in women during pregnancy
what is a common result in chronic dehydration and eventually death
diarrhea
experience of Escherichia coli O157: H7
diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and weakness. Small children and elderly adults may develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that causes acute kidney failure. A similar illness, thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) may occur in adults
potential side effects of ginseng
diarrhea, itchiness, insomnia, headache, nervousness, rapid heart rate
symptoms of Hepatitis A (HAV)
diarrhea, vomiting, muscle aches, jaundice, inflammation of the liver that can appear 30 days after incubation
_____ and _____ promote poverty
discrimination, inequality
drug interactions with yohimbine
do not combine with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, as effect is additive. interacts with high blood pressure medications, and certain drugs used to treat mental illness
what should the father do during all the trimesters and the first year of the childs life
do not smoke
drug interactions of garlic
do not take with drugs used to treat tuberculosis and certain HIV/AIDS drugs. Avoid with anticoagulant medication, such as warfarin
which is not good advice regarding packing perishable food
do not use a cold pack inside your cooler because germs on it could contaminate the food
more than ____ in children of obesity, ____ in adolescents over the past 30 years
doubled, tripled
how older adults get adequate fluid
drink milk or eater with and between meals
how can you get campylobacter jejuni
drinking contaminated water or raw milk; eating raw or undercooked meat, poultry, or shellfish
how can you get Escherichia coli O157: H7
drinking contaminated water, unpasteurized apple juice or cider, or raw milk, or eating raw or rare ground beef or uncooked fruits and vegetables
One of the most common causes of severe food shortages in developing and least developed countries is ________.
drought
how does drugs interact with the metabolism of food
drugs interfere with metabolism of substances in food, leading to dangerously high levels in blood ex: tyramine in cheese, smoked fish, yogurt
key messages for children food plans
eat foods from every food group every day choose healthier foods from each group make the right choices for you take healthy eating one step at a time use healthy fats be physically active on a regular basis
which of the following is an appropriate tip from choosemyplate.gov to help parents and caregivers make healthy choices for children
eat foods from every food group every day cook with healthy fats be physically active on a regular basis
To alleviate morning sickness, the pregnant woman can ___.
eat small, frequent meals high in carbohydrates
To minimize heartburn, the pregnant woman should ___.
eat smaller meals
how can you get clostridium botulinum
eating improperly canned foods, garlic in oil, honey, vacuum-packaged and tightly wrapped food
An example of a food jag is ___.
eating only peanut butter sandwiches
how can you get salmonella
eating raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, and meat, raw milk and dairy products, and seafood. can also be spread by infected food handlers
how can you get listeria monocytogenes
eating ready to eat foods such as hot dogs, luncheon meats, cold cuts, fermented or dry sausage, other deli-style meat and poultry, or soft cheeses; drinking unpasteurized milk
All of the following are signs and symptoms of preeclampsia
edema, protein loss in urine, hypertension not low blood pressure
National School lunch program
eligible children receive free or reduced price lunches each year
vulnerability of critical periods
embryo and fetus could have nutritional deficiencies, toxins, other harmful factors
Adolescents are sometimes at risk for disordered eating because they ___.
engage in unhealthy behaviors to control weight
astragalus purported use
enhance and support the immune system
drug interactions with dong quai root
enhanced the blood thinning effects of aspirin and anticoagulants as well as garlic and ginkgo biloba
drug interactions with grapfruit
enhances effect of certain heart medication, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants
drug interactions with fish oil
enhances effectiveness of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin and aspirin, and certain blood pressure drugs
USDA food safety and inspection service (FSIS)
ensuring safe and accurately labeled meat, poultry, and eggs
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
ensuring the safety of all other foods besides meat, poultry, and eggs
bone growth occurs in
epiphyseal plate
adolescent bone growth occurs along the
epiphyseal plates
yohimbine purported use
erectile dysfunction and sexual dysfunction in women
what factors could affect too many calories, too little physical activity
excess calories from sugary drinks, sport drinks, high fat foods, larger portions less physical education at school
potential side effects of fish oil
excessive bleeding, fishy aftertaste in mouth, and allergic reaction in those with fish allergy
potential side effects of dong quai root
excessive bleeding. skin sensitivity, may be carcinogenic with long term use
vitamin A deficiencies effects
eye disease; blindness
during first few days, fertilized egg travels down _____ _____ to embed in lining of ______
fallopian tube, uterus
as long as the expiration date hasn't passed, packaged food is always safe to eat
false
food irradiation makes food radioactive
false
leftovers that have been stored in the fridge for a week will still be safe to eat
false
does growth increase compared with infancy
false, growth slows
washing your hands for 10 seconds under running water is necessary to reduce your chances of getting foodborne illness
false, it is not the correct way to wash your hands
foods that smell bad will give you foodborne illness if you consume them
false.
freezing foods kills bacteria
false.
The most common type of virus that causes foodborne illness is salmonella
false. Salmonella is a bacterium, not a virus
grilled chicken that is pink in the middle is never safe to eat
false. it's not the color but rather the internal temperature of the chicken that will determine if it is safe to eat
A severe shortage of food caused by crop destruction is called ___.
famine
potential side effects of licorice
fatigue, headache, high blood pressure, weakness, among others
food jags
favoring some foods to exclusion of others usually temporary
how can you get shigella
fecal to oral transmission by consuming contaminated food and water. Most outbreaks result from eating food, especially salads, prepared and handled by workers with poor personal hygiene
how to get enterotoxigenic escherichia coli
fecal to oral transmission, consuming stool contaminated water and foods from unsanitary water supplies and food establishments
how can you get toxoplasma gondii
fecal to oral transmission. can also get it from eating raw or uncooked meat and seafood
how you can get Hepatitis A (HAV)
fecal to oral transmission; eating raw produce irrigated with contaminated water; eating raw or undercooked foods that have not been properly reheated; drinking contaminated water
how can you get norovirus
fecal-to-oral transmission; eating read to eat foods or drinking liquids contaminated by an infected person; eating contaminated shellfish; touching contaminated objects and then putting hands in mouth
Summer food service program
federal program that combines a meal or feeding program with a summer activity program for children
To ensure that toddlers obtain adequate nutrients, it is important to ___.
feed them nutrient dense foods
during the first trimester what does the fertilized egg develop into
fertilized egg develops into a fetus
potential side effects of echinacea
fever, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, allergic reaction if also allergic to ragweek and other plants
examples of impaired immunity resulting in disease
fever, parasitic disease, pneumonia, measles, and malaria
why do older adults need to get adequate fiber and fluids
fiber reduces risk of diverticulosis, heart disease and other chronic illnesses they prevent constipation declining thirst mechanism increases risk of dehydration
because older adults are at increased risk for constipation, they need adequate _____ and _____ in their diets
fiber, fluid
when is the risk of miscarriage the greatest
first trimester
colostrum
fluid produced after birth that contains antibodies, protein, minerals, vitamin A
An inadequate intake of __________ during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects in the fetus.
folate
To reduce the risk of neural tube birth defects in infants, the mother-to-be should consume adequate amounts of ___ prior to conception.
folic acid
the agency that ensures safety foods and accurate food labeling is
food and drug administration (FDA)
consumers can help with _________ by watching for and reporting any suspicious food products
food biosecurity
how does food and drugs interact
food can delay or increase absorption of drugs ex: calcium binds with tetracycline decreasing absorption
Decreased mobility and financial hardship in older adults can sometimes lead to __________.
food insecurity
The inability to satisfy basic food needs due to lack of resources or other problems is called
food insecurity
_____ refers to the inability to satisfy basic food needs due to lack of financial resources or other problems
food insecurity
many older adults experience ____ due to factors like limited income, poor health, or impaired mobility
food insecurity
hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP)
food safety program of FDA and USDA
spectrum of food security
food security food insecurity malnutrition hunger starvation death
Irradation
food subjected to radiant energy source without causing harming chemical changes kills bacteria but not viruses Must be labeled and have "radura" logo
which of the following is not a factor that allows bacteria to thrive and multiply -chicken sitting in its own juice -foods kept between 40-140 degrees F -foods that contain very little proteint -food that sits out for an extended period of time
foods that contain very little protein
fiber needs for children
for bowel regularity 1 to 3 years: 19 g/day 4 to 8 years: 25 g/day
omega 3 fat DHA during pregnancy
for brain, retina in seafood
vitamin D needs for children
for healthy bones 1 to 8 years: 600 IU/day
choline during pregnancy
for healthy cell division, especially in brain
vitamin B12 during pregnancy
for nerve cells, red blood cells, production of nucleic acids
why is it important to get adequate folic acid
for new cells and baby's growth and development
how older adults get vitamin B12
fortified cereals, breads, and soy milk
which of these foods will help provide teen girls with the extra iron they need to offset what is lost during menstruation
fortified grain products and lean meat, poultry, and seafood
how should children eat
frequent, small meals with nutrient rich foods
A long history of safe use may lead to a "_______" classification
generally recognized as safe (GRAS)
All of the following factors contribute to the high rate of obesity among food insecure individuals EXCEPT ________.
genetic predisposition of impoverished individuals to being overweight or obese
Two potential complications of pregnancy that must be closely monitored by a health care provider are __________.
gestational diabetes and hypertension
what are potential complications during second trimester
gestational diabetes and hypertension
pregnancy induced hypertension includes
gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia
iodine deficiency effects
goiter, congenital hypothyroidism
how should solid foods be introduced
gradually
which of the following foods will increase a pregnant women's folate intake
green leafy vegetables. legumes, and citrus fruits
To monitor developmental progress of children, parents and health care providers can use ___.
growth charts
Infants and children may experience _____, or improper development, due to lack of proper nutrition
growth stunting
____ of all men and ____ of women in the US will develop cancer during lifetime
half, 1/3
which of the following may increase a women's risk for gestational diabetes
having high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and/or heart disease
Households at the greatest risk of experiencing food insecurity are those ___.
headed by a single women
People at the lowest risk for undernutrition include ___.
healthy adult men
what may help reduce the risk of alzeimer's
healthy diet, physical activity, social engagement
what should a women do to adopt a healthy lifestyle before conception
healthy weight adequate folic acid moderate fish and caffeine consumption avoid cigarettes and other toxic substances
Canning
heating food at high temperature to kill bacteria, packing food in airtight container
Pasteurization
heating liquids, food at high enough temperatures to destroy foodborne pathogens
One of the most common symptoms to occur in women during their third trimester is _____.
hemorrhoids
gestational hypertension
high blood pressure develops about halfway through pregnancy
High Pressure Processing (HPP)
high pressure pulses destroy microorganisms
Retort canning
high temperature after canning
Food insecurity exists worldwide, and global food production is __________ the needs of the world's population.
higher than
adolescent acne is largely caused by
hormonal changes
what food is the leading cause of fatal food-related choking in children
hot dogs
what foods should be avoided for children under four, choking hazards
hot dogs, nuts, whole grapes, round candy, popcorn, raisins, raw carrots
what kinds of foods are dangerous for infants and should be avoided
hot dogs, raw carrots, may present choking hazard food allergens, honey
All of the following groups are at greater risk of experiencing food insecurity EXCEPT ________.
households headed by a married couple
working poor
households where there is often too little money to feed everyone adequately, 60% of food insecurity
according to US Census Bureau, rates of food insecurity were greater for these groups
households with incomes below 185% of the poverty threshold households with children headed by a single woman
shigella can be found in
human intestinal tract; rarely found in other animals
Physical discomfort due to inadequate food is known as
hunger
Food insecurity is associated with which of the following conditions?
hunger malnutrition starvation and even death
When children do not receive the nutrients necessary to develop properly, they are likely to experience which of the following?
impaired brain development growth stunting lowered resistance to infection
Which social/environmental change is most likely to help Tia improve her nutrition status?
improved quality and selection of foods at local stores
Benefits of exercise during pregnancy
improves weight gain within targeted ranges decreases aches and pains lessens constipation improves energy levels reduces stress improves sleep lowers risk of gestational diabetes
experience of toxoplasma gondii
in pregnant women, can cause miscarriages, and birth defects
where you might find Hepatits A (HAV)
in the stool of infected individuals
where is norovirus found
in the stool or vomit of infected individuals
preeclampsia
includes hypertension and protein in urine, a sign of kidney damage, if untreated could lead to eclampsia
protein needs of a pregnant women
increase 35% to about 71 g/day
life expectancy has increased or decreased
increased advances in medical research, health care, public health policy
A contributing factor to childhood obesity and the low level of physical activity among children is __________.
increased screen time
potential side effects of yohimbine
increases blood pressure, heart rate, headache, anxiety, stomach upset, sleeplessness
drug interaction with kava kava
increases effectiveness of antianxiety drugs and sedatives
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
individuals may select foods of their choosing from the grocery store, with the exception of items like alcohol, tobacco, nonfood items, vitamins, and hot foods this program has the largest scope, serving 46.5 million Americans per month in 2014 A low income individual of any age has the potential to receive benefits
National School Lunch Program
individuals must be school-aged children Children from families with incomes below 130% of poverty level are eligible for free meals
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
individuals who are eligible are issued a debit card to purchase specific foods
ginkgo biloba
interferes with blood clotting, should not be taken with blood thinners Coumadin or aspirin
where can salmonella be found
intestinal tracts and feces of animals, eggs
where you can find campylobacter jejuni
intestinal tracts of animals and birds, raw milk, untreated water and sewage
Listeria monocytogenes is found
intestinal tracts of humans and animals, milk, soil, leafy vegetables; can grow slowly at refrigerator temperatures
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli can be found
intestinal tracts of some mammals and unpasteurized dairy products. major cause of traveler's diarrhea
where Escherichia Coli O157: H7 is found
intestinal tracts of some mammals; raw milk, unchlorinated water
What are the three nutrients most often added to foods during food fortification?
iodine, iron, and vitamin A
The three nutrients most often added to food are ___.
iodine, iron, vitamin A
During pregnancy, the requirement for which mineral is unlikely to be met through diet alone
iron
The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians recommend that all formula-fed infants consume formulas fortified with __________.
iron
The most common nutrient deficiency among infants and young children is ___ deficiency.
iron
Young children are prone to ____ deficiency, which can interfere with their cognition and behavior
iron
teenage girls need more
iron needed for muscle growth, blood volume
What is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide?
iron deficiency
pregnancy teenagers may be short on
iron, folic acid, calcium, and calories
pregnant women who don't eat a balanced diet may not get enough of which nutrient
iron, folic acid, copper, zinc, calcium, and vitamin D
_____ is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide
iron-deficiency anemia
which of the following is a benefit of eating breakfast
it boosts academic performance it leads to higher school attendance rates it promotes a higher quality diet
which of the following is true about irradiation of foods
it extends shelf life
The USDA describes an American household as food secure if
it has access at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life for all household members
Which statement accurately describes life expectancy in the United States?
it has increased significantly since 1900
what is an effect of chronic malnutrition of infant and child mortality rates
it has increased, malnutrition passes from one generation to the next
Which of the following is true about breast milk?
it has nutritional advantages
which of the following is true about pasteurization
it helps food to stay fresh longer
which of the following statements is true about E. coli
it is a common cause of traveler's diarrhea
which of the following is FALSE about MSG
it is an example of a certified color additive
What is true about norovirus
it is the most common cause of foodborne illness
Food safety initiative (FSI)
joint effort of agencies has caused decline in foodborne illness
how to separate meat and non meat foods to combat cross contamination
keep raw meat, poultry, fish separate from other foods during preparation, storage, transport don't use meat marinades as serving sauce use separate knives and cutting boards, clean dish towels
zinc and copper during pregnancy
key to baby's cell growth
downward spiral of poverty and hunger
lack of food fatigue apathy, no ambition weight loss compromised health and disease anemia decreased growth malabsorption in GI tract loss of muscle mass
breast milk is high in
lactose, fat, B vitamins
macrosomia
large baby, weighing more than 8 pounds, 13 ounce
throughout the world, _____ are characterized by lower levels of economic productivity and higher rates of food insecurity
least developed countries
how long should leftovers be kept in the refrigerator and raw meats
leftover no more than 4 days and raw meats 2 days
a low birth weight baby is a baby who is born weighing
less than 5.5 pounds
for individuals born around 1900, the _____ was around 47 years
life expectancy
food insecurity
limited access to adequate, nutritious food
which foodborne pathogen is associated with miscarriages, premature labor, low birth weight, developmental problems, and even infant death
listeria monocytogenes
potential side effects of kava kava
liver damage, long term use may result in scaly, yellowed skin, drowsiness
milk thistle purported use
liver disorders
what king of surfaces do bacteria flourish on
living and nonliving surfaces
what do viruses require in order to survive
living host
what can be done to reduce food insecurity
local level, individuals, families, churches, and community relief agencies seek out and assist people who have insufficient resources; corporations and governments can help
eligibility of SNAP
low income (for a family of 4, the net monthly income cannot exceed 2,665)
In the united states the number are higher or lower than many other countries having food insecurity
lower
garlic purported use
lower blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels
why older adults need nutrient rich food
lower metabolic rate reduces daily calorie needs and makes higher quality food even more necessary to supply nutrients
what could be a result of gestational diabetes
macrosomia and increase risk of jaundice, breathing problems, birth defects
Bovine spongiform ecephalopathy (BSE)
mad cow disease caused by prions
gaining excess weight may
make it difficult to lose weight after deliver cause overweight in mother for years increase risk that baby will be obese later in life
how are some bacteria beneficial
make vitamin K and biotin in intestines, used to make yogurt and cheese
some fish contain naturally-occurring ______
marine toxins
what cells deal with food allergy
mast cells, antibodies attach to these cells, setting the state for future allergic reaction
how can political sanctions (boycotts and trade embargoes) affect food
may cause food shortages and famine
why should honey not be fed to infants
may contain a bacteria that causes botulism, which is fatal
drug interactions with ginseng
may enhance drugs used to reduce blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes, do not combine with the anticoagulant warfarin. enhances the blood thinning actions of vitamin E, garlic, and ginkgo biloba
drug interactions with licorice
may reduce effectiveness of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin
Meals on wheels America
meals are delivered to an individual's home or to community sites Individuals must be over 60 years of age to be eligible for this program
drug interactions with milk thistle
medications that lower blood glucose levels
why do older adults needs fewer calories
metabolic rate declines with age, reducing calorie needs
parasites
microscopic organisms that take nourishment from hosts, often transmitted by fecal-oral route
potential side effects of coenzyme Q10
mild stomach upset, decreased appetite, nausea, diarrhea, rash, low blood pressure
prolactin causes
milk to be produced
oxytocin causes
milk to be released (let down response)
calcium foods
milk, fortified soy drink/orange juice
listeria monocytogenes may cause
miscarriage, premature labor, low birth weight, developmental problems, or infant death
alcohol causing cancer
moderate to heavy consumption associated with head and neck, breast, colorectal, esophageal and liver cancers
large quantities of _______ can cause short-term symptoms in individuals sensitive to it
monosodium glutamate (MSG)
Precut, prewashed produce such as baby carrots or bagged salad greens are __.
more expensive than whole, unwashed produce
what is a big myth of pregnancy
morning sickness only happens in the morning
drug interactions with st johns wort
must avoid with may medications, alert pharmacist and doctor about st johns wort use
potential side effects of vitamin E
nausea, diarrhea, stomach cramps, fatigue, rash, excessive amounts can interfere with blood clotting, causing bruising and bleeding
why older adults need adequate iron rich foods
necessary for strong immune system and transportation of oxygen to cells and tissues
_____ can cause symptoms like numbness, tingling, headaches, and dizziness
neurotoxins
why are newborns given a single injection of vitamin K
newborns lack the intestinal bacteria needed to synthesize vitamin K
_____ are salts used in cured meats like ham and hot dogs
nitrates
how can diets high in red and/or processed meat cause cancer
nitrites in processed meats can react with amino acids to form cancer promoting compounds
is steady employment a guarantee of food security
no it is not
what is the limit for supplements
no more than 3000 IU/day
is color a reliable indicator
no, meat may look brown but be undercooked and cooked chicken may still look pink
potential side effects of grapfruit
none known
what is the recommended rate of weight gain weekly in the second and third trimester
normal weight: 1 (.8-1) underweight: 1 (1-1.3) overweight: .6 (.5-.7)
what should you do to avoid early childhood caries
not let the infant sleep with bottles
drug interactions with hawthorn
not much evidence, but may interact with certain heart medications
Rates of ____ have doubles in children in the past 30 years
obesity
Which of the following health issues is NOT a contributor to food insecurity among Americans?
obesity
Which two conditions with a dietary etiology are occurring more frequently in children and teens?
obesity and type 2 diabetes
Who are at a higher risk for Foodborne illness?
older adults, young children, and those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to ill effects
what may help rheumatoid arthritis
omega 3 fats in seafood
when are solid foods safe
once they have met certain milestones
in older adult vitamin A can cause
osteoporosis and fractures with overconsumption
radiation causing cancer
overexposure to UV radiation (sunlight), pesticides, and compounds (benzene)
Which hormone stimulates the release of breast milk?
oxytocin
the hormone that triggers the let down response that causes milk to be released from the mother's breast to feed the baby is
oxytocin
closed (coded) dating
packing numbers used by manufacturers on nonperishable foods to track inventory, rotate stock, identify products that may need to be recalled
arthritis
painful inflammation in joints may be eased by supplements glucosamine and chondroitin
Which of the following is true about feeding children?
parents are responsible for what their children eat
what causes foodborne illness
pathogen (viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungal agents or prions)
Disease-causing microorganisms are called
pathogens
low calcium, vitamin D intake can cause low _____, increased fracture risk
peak bone mass soft drinks and diet sodas displace milk in diet
what influences teen eating behaviors
peer influence, defiance of authority may prompt different diets, negative habits, busy schedule may influence food choices, increase snacking
People who are least likely to experience food insecurity are ___.
people with steady, well paid jobs
breast feeding provides
physical, emotional, and financial benefits for mothers
how can you reduce the risk of cancer with a healthy diet
phytonutrients antioxidants retinoids omega 3 fatty acids fiber
the abnormal cravings for nonfood items, such as cornstarch, clay, dirt, or baking soda, is known as
pica
_____ usually involves avoidance of new foods, while a _____ represents a preference for a certain limited number of foods at the exclusion of other
picky eating, food jag
nutrients are passed from the mother to the fetus through the
placenta and umbilical cord
A good way to shop smart is to ___.
plan out your meals for the week, make a list, and stick to it
chemical agents that can occur as by products of industrial pollution and be consumed by humans are
polychlorinated biphenyls
examples of least developed countries
poorest countries of Africa, Venezuela, Cuba
potential side effects of black cohosh
possible headache, stomach discomfort, rash, possible liver dysfunction
vitamin E purported use
possible reduction in risk of heart disease and Alzheimer's disease
potential side effects of garlic
possible stomach and intestinal discomfort
potential side effects of ginkgo biloba
possible stomach and intestinal discomfort
which foods are most commonly associated with food-borne illnesses caused by salmonella
poultry and eggs
In the united states, food insecurity is often caused by
poverty
The most common cause of food insecurity in developed countries is ________.
poverty
in developed countries, food insecurity typically results from
poverty or poor health
pregnant teenagers have a higher risk of
pregnancy induced hypertension, premature and low birth weight babies
breast feeding helps with
pregnancy recovery; reduces risk of some chronic diseases, diarrhea, meningitis, respiratory, ear, and UTIs, obesity, intellectual development
who is at increased risk for undernutrition
pregnant and lactating women infants and children the critically ill older adults
Which of the following populations are at increased risk for undernutrition?
pregnant and lactating women infants and children the critically ill and older adults
food additives include
preservatives, nutrients, and flavor enhancers
calcium and vitamin D during pregnancy
preserve bone mass
most additives are
presevatives
calcium purported use
prevent osteoporosis
what do preservatives prevent and increase
prevent spoilage and increase shelf life
stunting
primarily manifested in early childhood and includes malnutrition during fetal development; once it occurs, it usually permanent
tabacco causing cancer
primary cause of lung cancer, mainly among smokers but also from secondhand smoke
_____ are extremely rare but deadly infectious agent
prions
to prevent neural tube birth defects, at what stage of pregnancy should a woman take 400 micrograms of folic acid
prior to conception
lactation
production of breast milk in women's body after childbirth
what is the most common cancer or men
prostate cancer
animal and plant health inspection service (APHIS)
protecting against plant and animal pests and disease
Environmental protection agency (EPA)
protecting you and the environment from harmful pesticides
adults of any age who have coronary heart disease should be following a heart healthy diet that limits all of the except
protein from plant sources
iron foods
provide lean meats, iron fortified grains (cereal)
meals on wheels america
provides meals at a community site or delivered to the home
National School Lunch Program (NSLP)
provides nutritionally balanced, low cost for free lunches standards set in dietary guidelines for americans
Child and Adult Care Food Program
provides nutritious meals to low income children and senior adults who receive day care or adult car outside the home.
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
provides nutritious, culturally appropriate food, including tortillas, brown rice, soy based beverages
older americans act (1965)
provides support and services for ages 60 and older, including nutrition education and congregate meals
why older adults need adequate protein
provides the amino acids to preserve lean tissue and bones
potential side effects of hawthorn
rare, but may cause stomach upset, headache, dizziness
what foods to avoid eating during pregnancy
raw and undercooked meat, fish, or poultry; unpasteurized milk, cheese, juices; raw sprouts
kava kava purported use
reduce anxiety, stress, insomnia
st. johns wort purported use
reduce depression, anxiety, fatigue
black cohosh purported use
reduce hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms
sodium intake for older adults
reduce intake to <1500 mg/dat
ginkgo biloba purported use
reduce memory loss, dementia
fish oil purported use
reduce triglycerides and blood pressure, eye conditions, decrease inflammation
why older adults need Vitamin B12
reduced production of stomach acid that releases naturally occurring vitamin B12 from foods.
Modified atmosphere packing (MAP)
reducing oxygen inside packages of fruits/vegetables
in developing and least developed countries, food insecurity results from
regional problems, such as discrimination, armed conflict, natural disaster, and population overgrowth
purported use of dong quai root
relieve menstrual and menopausal symptoms
autism spectrum disorder (ASD) possible diet strategies
restrict glutens, casein (milk protein), food allergens, increase vitamins/minerals may involve GI tract, immune system
drug interaction of black cohosh
risk of interactions appears to be small
what natural mechanisms help newborns eat
rooting reflex suck/swallow reflex tongue thrust reflex gag reflex
In addition to food, the primary means of reducing hunger includes ___.
safe water
nitrites and nitrates
salts added to prevent microbial growth form carcinogenic nitrosamines
Boycotts or trade embargoes used by one group to apply political pressure on another are called ___.
sanctions
what are the 2 stages of food allergies
sensitization and allergic reaction
to avoid cross-contaminations, it is best to
separate raw meats from produce
To increase the amount of iron in children's diets, consider ___.
serving enriched breakfast cereals
always eat when ______ ____, never while ____ ___ ____
sitting up, riding in a car
heartburn and constipation treatment
small, frequent meals and avoiding spicy food can help heartburn more fiber rich foods
do children have smaller or larger appetites
smaller, lower calorie needs
what may decrease sperm production and function
smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, obesity
Older adults should avoid foods high in ___.
sodium
where clostridium perfringens can be found
soil, dust, sewage, and intestinal tracts of animals and humans. Grows only in environments with little or no oxygen
Which of the following is true about feeding infants?
solid foods should be introduced gradually
grapefruit purported use
source of vitamin C and phytonutrients
Most commercially made infant formulas are modified from __________.
soy or cow's milk
The ___ is a food assistance program that provides nutritious food, education, and referrals to health care professionals.
special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children
Which food assistance program serves at-risk, low-income pregnant and lactating women?
special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC)
asolescence
stage of life between start of puberty and adulthood many hormonal, physical, and emotional changes
Prolonged very low food security can lead to ___.
starvation
____ may occur when hunger is prolonged
starvation
prolonged hunger can lead to
starvation
potential side effects of saw palmetto
stomach upset
potential side effects of st. johns wort
stomach upset, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, skin tingling
what should the father do prior to conception
stop smoking limit alcohol maintain a healthy weight consume a balanced diet
ginseng purported use
stress reduction, enhance immunity, stimulant
the first year of a child's life
supplement diet with vitamins K and D and sources of iron or iron fortified foods avoid common food allergens, honey, and herbal tea consume breast milk or formula as primary source of calories do not start drinking cow's milk until after first year introduce solid foods gradually and one at a time avoid too much fiber and excessive amounts of juice
Iron needed during pregnancy
supplement needed for red blood cells, anemia prevention, fetal development
Of all the programs feeding millions of people in the United States, which serves the greatest amount of people?
supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP)
Women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant should avoid eating __________.
swordfish
treatment of norovirus
symptoms usually abate without treatment; fluid replacement may be necessary to treat dehydration due to vomiting and/or diarrhea
What should you do with the circular that is usually available near the store's entrance?
take one to find out what's on sale and buy only the items that are already are on your list
New foods must be offered ___ times or more before they are accepted.
ten
some additives enhance and improve
texture, consistency and nutrient content
which of the following milestones indicate an infant is ready to accept solid foods
the infant's tongue-thrust reflex has fades the infant can sit up with or without support the infant has doubled their birth weight to a least 13 pounds
what is pasteurization
the process of heating food and liquids to a high enough temperature to kill pathogens
What affects the health of a mans sperm
there diet and lifestyle
Which of the following is true about the working poor?
they are steadily employed in low wage jobs
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
they are the ones that gain statistics about nutrition worldwide
how does discrimination and inequality promote poverty
they contribute to reduced employment, lower educational achievement, fewer business opportunities
herbal remedies and medication
they might be unsafe with medication ex: ginkgo biloba interferes with blood clotting, should not be taken with blood thinners Coumadin or aspirin
Which of the following is true about nutrient needs of toddlers and preschoolers?
they need all the nutrients that older people need
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children(WIC)
this program serves pregnant and lactating women, plus children under 5 years old
when is infant formula a healthy alternative to breast milk pertaining to women
those with HIV, AIDS, human T-cell leukemia, tuberculosis, chemotherapy, radiation, or drug users
when is infant formula a healthy alternative to breast milk pertaining to infants
those with galactosemia cannot metabolize lactose and shouldn't be fed it
Chronic malnutrition can result in ___.
tissue breakdown
why older adults need calcium
to help prevent the loss of bone mass with age
which of the following tips will NOT help toddlers develop healthy eating habits
toddlers should be limited to only three meals a day
growth charts
track physical development head circumference, length, weight, and weight for length
echinacea purported use
treat common cold
saw palmetto purported use
treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Which of the following is true about childhood type 2 diabetes?
treatment involves the entire family
coenzyme Q10 purported use
treatment of heart and blood vessel condition
E.coli is considered a bacterium that could be used for bioterrorism
true
the temperature for your refrigerator should be set at 40 degrees Fahrenheit or below
true
Because meat can be expensive, a cost-effective way to get enough protein in your diet is to ___.
try a meatless dinner -- with beans or peanut butter -- one night a week
After her prenatal appointment, Monica went to eat lunch at the hospital cafeteria. Which of the following menu items should she select in order to meet her goal of reducing the risk of listeriosis, but still eat a healthful lunch?
turkey burger with swiss cheese and tomatoes on a whole-wheat bun
how to wash your fruits and vegetables
under cold running water, scrub firm skins with vegetable brush
are causes of morning sickness known or unknown
unknown but fluctuation hormone levels may play a role
If Monica fears she has eaten food that may cause listeriosis, how soon might she experience symptoms of the illness?
up to 3 months
The only accurate method for determining whether cooked food is safe to eat is to
use a food thermometer
how to be mindful of portion sizes for children
use child size cups and plates tailor portions to child's needs
DNA fingerprinting
used in food safety to distinguish between different strains of a bacteriu,
What is the most effective means of preventing Hepatitis A
vaccination
licorice purported use
various disorders, including infections
Households with multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and a reduced food intake are classified as having ________.
very low food security
farm to table continuum
visual tool showing food safeguards from farmer to consumer
What deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children in developing countries?
vitamin A
too much of what vitamin can be toxic and increase risk for birth defects
vitamin A
Older adults often require more ___.
vitamin B12
Vegans may need a reliable source of ___.
vitamin B12
Ryan is a healthy 3 month old baby who is exclusively breast fed. which of the following nutrients should be added to his diet
vitamin D
what vitamin is needed because there is not enough in breast milk to prevent rickets
vitamin D
All infants born in the United States receive an injection of which nutrient at birth?
vitamin K
what vitamin injection is needed due to sterile gut
vitamin K
To prevent fecal-to-oral transmission, it is important to
wash hands after using the bathroom
what is the best way to minimize bacteria and dirt on your fruit
wash it at home
To clean fruits and vegetable, it is best to
wash them under cold running tap water
what may you experience if getting norovirus
watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flulike symptoms, possible fever
when should infants eat
when they are hungry not on a set schedule cues are waking/tossing, sucking on fist and crying
fiber foods
whole grains, fruits, vegetables
which of the following foods would be the best source of dietary calcium for a young toddler
whole or low-fat milk fortified orange juice fortified soy beverage
Clostridium botulinum is found
widely distributed in nature in soil, water, on plants, and in the intestinal tracts of animals and fish. Grows only in environments with little or no oxygen
1/3 of childhood deaths in developing countries are associated with
with chronic hunger and malnutrition
2/3 of almost 750 million illiterate adults in the world are ____
women
vulnerable groups
women, elderly, people with disabilities, refugees, orphans, migrant workers, the illiterate
should the well balanced diet after delivery be similar to the diet during pregnancy
yes, should still avoid alcohol and illicit drugs, limit caffeine, and follow FDA's guidelines on fish consumption
in older adults, which of the following is a mineral important to a healthy immune system
zinc
what minerals are associated with healthy sperm
zinc and folate
