BIOL Ch 34, 37 & 38

Ecosystems vary in their energy efficiency, but as a general rule, ____ of the energy available at one level is transferred to the next trophic level.

10%

Which of the following is a characteristic of a tropical rain forest?

All of these are characteristics of tropical rain forests.

Which arrow in this image of the global water cycle includes transpiration?

Arrow D

Which of these is an example of natural selection acting on genetic variation resulting in evolutionary adaptation?

As the African environment became drier and the grasslands more prevalent, arched feet and non-opposable toes, both more effective for walking upright, became more common in hominins.

Occurs when two species use the same biotic and abiotic resources in the same environment

Competition

Organisms that digest molecules in organic material and convert them to inorganic forms

Decomposers

Which of the following includes all the others?

Ecosystem

Species that are found in a biodiversity hot spot

Endemic species

Consumption of plant parts or algae by animals

Herbivory

Introduced species that cause environmental or economic damage

Invasive species

What happens to the amount of stored energy as organic material is transferred up the food chain?

It decreases greatly.

Which of the following explains why nitrate-heavy fertilizers are problematic?

It is easily washed out by rain or irrigation

Symbiosis in which both species benefits

Mutualism

Position or function of an organism in its environment

Niche

Which of the following statements about temperate broadleaf forests is true?

Oak, hickory, birch, beech, and maple are common trees in temperate broadleaf forests.

Symbiosis where one benefits, and one is harmed

Parasitism

One species kills and eats another species

Predation

Which of the following converts inorganic components of the ecosystem into organic substances?

Producers

Organisms that feast on carcasses

Scavengers

There is a constant input of energy from the ___ .

Sun

Which types of terrestrial biomes are found in Arkansas? (Select all that apply.)

Temperate grassland Temperate broadleaf forest

True or False. Increasing the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere increases the insulative capacity of the atmosphere. T/F

True

About how much of the energy in the producers of an ecosystem will be available to secondary consumers in this ecosystem?

about 1%

All of Earth that is inhabited by life is called the

biosphere

An owl and a hawk both eat mice. Which of the following describes the relationship between a hawk and an owl?

competition

Organisms that digest molecules in organic material and convert them into inorganic forms are

decomposers

The flow of ________ into ecosystems occurs in one direction only, while ________ are recycled within the ecosystem itself.

energy chemicals

Currently, the single greatest threat to biodiversity is

habitat destruction due to humans.

The dominant herbivores in savannas are

insects

Non-native species that are introduced to new environments, spread far beyond the original point of introduction, and cause damage are called

invasive species

Factors that help to perpetuate temperate grasslands, such as the American prairies, and prevent them from becoming woodlands include

periodic drought and fires.

CO2 in the atmosphere is absorbed by ________ and converted into biomass.

photosynthetic organisms

A community is composed of

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.

Camouflage typically evolves as a result of

predation

In a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass, grasshoppers, sparrows, and hawks, the grasshoppers are

primary consumers

Which of the following contribute to the earth's biodiversity? (Choose all that apply.)

species diversity genetic diversity ecosystem diversity

Biodiversity considers

the genetic diversity within and between populations of a species.

Which of the following correctly pairs a biome and its characteristics?

tundra very cold winters; only the upper layer of the soil thaws during summer

Sustainable development

will require global, multinational cooperation.