BIOL Ch 34, 37 & 38
Ecosystems vary in their energy efficiency, but as a general rule, ____ of the energy available at one level is transferred to the next trophic level.
10%
Which of the following is a characteristic of a tropical rain forest?
All of these are characteristics of tropical rain forests.
Which arrow in this image of the global water cycle includes transpiration?
Arrow D
Which of these is an example of natural selection acting on genetic variation resulting in evolutionary adaptation?
As the African environment became drier and the grasslands more prevalent, arched feet and non-opposable toes, both more effective for walking upright, became more common in hominins.
Occurs when two species use the same biotic and abiotic resources in the same environment
Competition
Organisms that digest molecules in organic material and convert them to inorganic forms
Decomposers
Which of the following includes all the others?
Ecosystem
Species that are found in a biodiversity hot spot
Endemic species
Consumption of plant parts or algae by animals
Herbivory
Introduced species that cause environmental or economic damage
Invasive species
What happens to the amount of stored energy as organic material is transferred up the food chain?
It decreases greatly.
Which of the following explains why nitrate-heavy fertilizers are problematic?
It is easily washed out by rain or irrigation
Symbiosis in which both species benefits
Mutualism
Position or function of an organism in its environment
Niche
Which of the following statements about temperate broadleaf forests is true?
Oak, hickory, birch, beech, and maple are common trees in temperate broadleaf forests.
Symbiosis where one benefits, and one is harmed
Parasitism
One species kills and eats another species
Predation
Which of the following converts inorganic components of the ecosystem into organic substances?
Producers
Organisms that feast on carcasses
Scavengers
There is a constant input of energy from the ___ .
Sun
Which types of terrestrial biomes are found in Arkansas? (Select all that apply.)
Temperate grassland Temperate broadleaf forest
True or False. Increasing the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere increases the insulative capacity of the atmosphere. T/F
True
About how much of the energy in the producers of an ecosystem will be available to secondary consumers in this ecosystem?
about 1%
All of Earth that is inhabited by life is called the
biosphere
An owl and a hawk both eat mice. Which of the following describes the relationship between a hawk and an owl?
competition
Organisms that digest molecules in organic material and convert them into inorganic forms are
decomposers
The flow of ________ into ecosystems occurs in one direction only, while ________ are recycled within the ecosystem itself.
energy chemicals
Currently, the single greatest threat to biodiversity is
habitat destruction due to humans.
The dominant herbivores in savannas are
insects
Non-native species that are introduced to new environments, spread far beyond the original point of introduction, and cause damage are called
invasive species
Factors that help to perpetuate temperate grasslands, such as the American prairies, and prevent them from becoming woodlands include
periodic drought and fires.
CO2 in the atmosphere is absorbed by ________ and converted into biomass.
photosynthetic organisms
A community is composed of
potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.
Camouflage typically evolves as a result of
predation
In a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass, grasshoppers, sparrows, and hawks, the grasshoppers are
primary consumers
Which of the following contribute to the earth's biodiversity? (Choose all that apply.)
species diversity genetic diversity ecosystem diversity
Biodiversity considers
the genetic diversity within and between populations of a species.
Which of the following correctly pairs a biome and its characteristics?
tundra very cold winters; only the upper layer of the soil thaws during summer
Sustainable development
will require global, multinational cooperation.