Biology 1001-Ch.4

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm? - Rough ER - mRNA - DNA - ATP - ribosomes

mRNA -The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? - ribosome - Golgi apparatus - plasmodesma - chloroplast - lysosome

lysosome -The prefix "lyso-" means decomposition

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles? - lysosomes - mitochondria - rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Golgi apparatus

lysosomes -Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down worn-out organelles.

The correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell. - Plant cell wall - Central Vacuole - Chloroplast - Mitochondrion - Golgi apparatus

-Plant cell wall - strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils -Central Vacuole - regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds -Chloroplast - makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy -mitochondrion - convert chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell -Golgi apparatus - modifies and packages proteins

What is similar about exporting proteins from a cell and digesting food particles within a cell? - Both processes involve mitochondria. - Both processes involve vacuoles. - Both processes involve the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. - Both processes involve the cell wall. - Both processes involve the formation of vesicles. - Both processes involve the nucleolus.

Both processes involve the formation of vesicles.

Drag the correct label under each cell structure to identify whether it is found only in animal cells, only in plant cells, or in both types of cells. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Cell Wall-found in PLANT cells but not animal cells Nucleus-found in both PLANT and ANIMAL cells chloroplast-found in PLANT cells but not animal cells rough endoplasmic reticulum-found in both PLANT and ANIMAL cells

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells. - Lysosomes; plasma membranes - Cell walls; chloroplasts - Chloroplasts; central vacuoles - Plasma membranes; mitochondria - Central vacuoles; ribosomes

Central vacuoles; ribosomes -Central vacuoles are found only in plant cells. Ribosomes are found in both plant and animal cells

What is the difference between cilia and flagella? - Cilia are found on plant cells and flagella are found on animal cells. - Cilia are much shorter than flagella. - Cilia are made from microfilaments and flagella are made from microtubules. - Flagella are used for motion and cilia are used for connecting cells. - Flagella are more numerous than cilia.

Cilia are much shorter than flagella. -In most other ways, cilia and flagella are identical.

What is the exact function of DNA? - DNA allows information to be passed down to future generations. - DNA gives a cell identity. It is the difference between the cells of a cow and the cells of a dog. - DNA controls the activities of the cell. - DNA provides the blueprints for making proteins. - DNA stores the information for all biological molecules in the cell.

DNA provides the blueprints for making proteins. -The proteins constructed from this blueprint then carry out the functions of the cell.

Diatoms, photosynthetic protists that live in the ocean, possess strange chloroplasts with four membranes instead of two. The leading hypothesis explaining this is that the chloroplasts in diatoms actually represent eukaryotic cells that formed symbiosis with the diatoms. The inner two membranes represent the membranes of the regular chloroplasts contained in this symbiotic cell. The outer two membranes represent the plasma membrane of the symbiotic cell and the food vacuole it was trapped in. Which of the conclusions below is supported by this new information? - Diatom chloroplasts are not related to the chloroplasts found in other eukaryotic cells. - The process of photosynthesis evolved multiple times. - Diatoms acquired photosynthesis after the evolution of the chloroplast. - Photosynthetic cells are all descendants of the first cell that evolved photosynthesis. - The chloroplasts in diatoms are more efficient than those in other eukaryotic cells. - Diatoms are actually prokaryotic cells with a eukaryote living inside.

Diatoms acquired photosynthesis after the evolution of the chloroplast.

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system? - cytoskeleton - Golgi apparatus - flagellum - ribosomes - mitochondria

Golgi apparatus -The endomembrane system includes the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. It manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.

The movement of proteins through the endomembrane system and out of the cell.

Manufacturing-rough ER Transport-vesicle from ER Processing-Golgi apparatus Transport-Vesicle from Golgi Secretion-Plasma membrane

How are the jobs of the mitochondrion and the chloroplast related? - Chloroplasts produce energy while mitochondria use energy. - Chloroplasts produce sugar while mitochondria produce oxygen. - Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis while mitochondria perform respiration. - Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from some other form into sugar. - Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from some other form into ATP.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from some other form into ATP.

What is the purpose of mitochondria? - Mitochondria produce energy using ATP. - Mitochondria produce energy using the oxygen in food. - Mitochondria produce oxygen necessary to produce ATP. - Mitochondria produce ATP using the energy in oxygen. - Mitochondria produce ATP using the energy in sunlight. - Mitochondria produce ATP using the energy in food.

Mitochondria produce ATP using the energy in food. -Mitochondria don't simply produce energy in a raw form. They take the energy from food and convert it into a more useful form, ATP.

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? - Central vacuole. - Golgi apparatus. - Chloroplast. - Plasma membrane. - Mitochondrion.

Mitochondrion -In both plant and animal cells, it's the mitochondria that convert chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell

Think of all the structures that prokaryotic cells possess and those that they lack. What is the common feature of most of the missing structures? - Most of the missing structures are made of protein. - Most of the missing structures contain DNA. - Most of the missing structures are enclosed by a membrane. - Most of the missing structures are small. - Most of the missing structures are part of energy generation.

Most of the missing structures are enclosed by a membrane.

The correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell. - Nucleus - lysosomes - mitochondrion - ribosome - smooth ER

Nucleus-stores genetic information of the cell lysosomes-breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes mitochondrion-convert chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell ribosome-works with mRNA to synthesize proteins smooth ER- site of lipid synthesis

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. - Ribosomes - Flagella - Pili - Cell walls - Mitochondria

Pili -Pili enable bacterial cells to stick to a surface.

Which statement best describes the relationship between RNA and DNA? - Parent cells make a DNA copy of their RNA to give to their daughter cells. - RNA copies DNA in order to make proteins. - Parent cells make an RNA copy of their DNA to give to their daughter cells. - RNA is a copy of DNA that is used to make proteins. - DNA copies RNA to make proteins. - Some cells use DNA to make proteins while others use RNA.

RNA is a copy of DNA that is used to make proteins.

What activity occurs in the nucleolus? -The nucleolus is where new DNA is constructed. - Ribosomes are creating proteins in the nucleolus. - The nucleolus is where all RNA is created. - Ribosomes are created in the nucleolus. - The nucleolus is where ribosomes construct RNA.

Ribosomes are created in the nucleolus.

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole? - Separating the cell from its surroundings - Storing the genetic information of the cell - Working with mRNA to synthesize proteins - Storing compounds produced by the cell - Converting light energy to chemical energy

Storing compounds produced by the cell -One of the functions of the central vacuole is to store compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast? - The chloroplast functions as the site of lipid synthesis. - The chloroplast serves as a protein manufacturing facility. - The chloroplast creates internal pressure for a cell. - The chloroplast stores compounds produced by the cell. - The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy. -The chloroplast makes food for the plant cell by converting light energy to chemical energy

What is the difference between cytoplasm and the cytoplasmic fluid? - The cytoplasm includes everything outside the nucleus and the cytoplasmic fluid includes everything inside the nucleus. - The cytoplasm contains proteins and the cytoplasmic fluid contains water and salts. - Chemical reactions only occur in the cytoplasm. - The cytoplasm is attached to the plasma membrane and the cytoplasmic fluid is deeper in the cell. - The cytoplasm includes the cytoplasmic fluid and also some structures.

The cytoplasm includes the cytoplasmic fluid and also some structures. -The cytoplasm includes things like organelles and the cytoskeleton. The cytoplasmic fluid only includes substances dissolved in the liquid portion of the cytoplasm.

Why is the nucleus considered the control center for the cell? - The nucleus controls which proteins are made and when. - The nucleus contains all of the DNA in the cell. - The nucleus is in the center of the cell. - The nucleus sends signals that tell proteins what to do. - The nucleus controls where proteins go in the cell.

The nucleus controls which proteins are made and when. -Proteins do most of the work in a cell. Since the nucleus controls protein production, it controls all the work a cell does.

What is the smallest living thing in the following list: - mitochondria - atom - frog embryo - bacteria - virus

bacteria

Which of the following is most likely to receive a fabricated organ made from his own cells? -pancreatic cancer patient -lung cancer patient -bladder cancer patient -thyroid cancer patient

bladder cancer patient

If a fabricated windpipe is not receiving proper oxygen and nutrients, which of the following failed to properly regenerate? -blood vessels -white blood cells -keratin -mucus producing cells

blood vessels

Where do scientists obtain adult stem cells? -saliva -bone marrow -skin -pancreas

bone marrow

We usually compare all eukaryotic cells as a group to all prokaryotic cells. However, some types of eukaryotic cells have characteristics that are found in prokaryotic cells, but not found in other eukaryotic cells. What feature do plant cells share with prokaryotic cells, but not animal cells? - cell wall - cilia - cytoplasm - mitochondria - chloroplast - central vacuole

cell wall

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? - capsule - pili - cell wall - flagella - nucleoid region

cell wall -The cell wall is a rigid supporting structure.

The structural framework in a cell is the - plasma membrane. - endoplasmic reticulum (ER). - cytoskeleton. - endomembrane system. - extracellular matrix.

cytoskeleton -The cytoskeleton is the structural framework in a cell ("cyto" refers to cell and "skeleton" refers to a structural framework).

In which of these cell types would you expect to find a membrane-enclosed nucleus? - bacterial cell - fungal cell - photosynthetic cell - large cell - archaebacterial cell - prokaryotic cell

fungal cell

During what time period was the cell theory developed? - in the middle 1800's - in the early 1900's - in the middle 1900's - in the 1700's - in the late 1800's - in the 1600's

in the middle 1800's -serious work on the cell theory occurred between 1838 and 1855, when it was finalized

The plant cell wall - is very similar to the animal cell wall. - is found just inside the plasma membrane. - makes food by converting light energy to chemical energy. - is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils. - regulates the composition of the cytoplasm.

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils. -The cell wall is a structure that protects the plant cell and is made of cellulose fibrils

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - protein manufacture - protein modification - lipid manufacture - protection - respiration - transport between organelles

lipid manufacture

Which of the components of the cytoskeleton is much more important to animal cells than to plant cells? - microtubules and intermediate filaments - microtubules - intermediate filaments - microfilaments - microfilaments and intermediate filaments

microfilaments

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____. - tonofilaments - microtubules - microfilaments - intermediate filaments - pili

microtubules -Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules.

Which of the components of cytoskeleton are used directly for movement? - microtubules - microtubules and intermediate filaments - microtubules and microfilaments - microfilaments - intermediate filaments - microfilaments and intermediate filaments

microtubules and microfilaments -Both of these are used in moving cell components like DNA and organelles. Microfilaments are also used to make muscular movements.

Where in a cell is ATP made? - mitochondria - lysosomes - nucleus - cytoskeleton - ribosomes

mitochondria -ATP is made in mitochondria.

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? - ribosomes - nucleus - peroxisome - nucleoid region - capsule

nucleoid region -Bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region.

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored? - smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - lysosomes - nucleus - Golgi apparatus - rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

nucleus -DNA is the genetic information of the cell, and it is stored in the nucleus.

The process of creating and exporting a protein requires many organelles. Which of the following lists these organelles in order? - nucleolus, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus - nucleolus, rough ER, golgi apparatus, vesicle - nucleus, vesicle, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle - nucleus, nucleolus, vesicle, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle - nucleus, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle - smooth ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle

nucleus, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle

Even though prokaryotic cells lack a cytoskeleton, many of the functions of a cytoskeleton are performed by other parts of the cell. Which of the functions of a cytoskeleton is unique to eukaryotic cells? - nuclear shape - organelle movement - cell movement - cell division - DNA movement - cell shape

organelle movement

You find a population of strange cells in a sample of pond water. You wish to determine first whether they are eukaryotic or prokaryotic. You look for a membrane-enclosed nucleus and don't see one, but sometimes the nucleus is hard to spot without staining. What else could you look for to determine which cell type this is? - RNA - membranes - DNA - organelles - cell walls - cytoplasm

organelles -Organelles are also membrane-enclosed structures that are not present in prokaryotic cells.

Which of these gives the plasma membrane the ability to block most ions and polar compounds from crossing? - protein channels - cholesterol - phospholipids - glycoproteins - cytoskeleton

phospholipids -The bilayer of non-polar tails on these molecules blocks polar compounds and charged ions from moving through.

Which type of cell is capable of harnessing energy from sunlight? - bacterial cells - photosynthetic cells - prokaryotic cells - plant cells - eukaryotic cells

photosynthetic cells -Photosynthesis is the process of harnessing energy from the sun.

Which cellular structure has the most in common with the nuclear envelope? - ribosomes - mitochondria - cell wall - endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane

plasma membrane

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. - plasma membrane - nucleoid region - ribosome - pili - cell wall

plasma membrane -The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell? -extracellular matrix -nuclear envelope -endomembrane system -plasma membrane -cytoskeleton

plasma membrane -The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule? - protein synthesis - protection - DNA storage - propulsion

protection -A bacterium's capsule has a protective role.

Which of the following is a function of the golgi apparatus? - transport between organelles - protein modification - protection - lipid manufacture - respiration - protein manufacture

protein modification -The golgi apparatus has many functions, including the addition of carbohydrates to proteins

Which of the following biological molecules accomplishes work within the cell? - proteins and nucleic acids - proteins - carbohydrates and proteins - carbohydrates - nucleic acids - lipids and carbohydrates

proteins

Which of the functions of a plasma membrane are accomplished by proteins in the membrane? - isolating the cell's contents, regulating the flow of materials, and allowing interactions with other cells - allowing interactions with other cells - regulating the flow of materials and isolating the cell's contents - isolating the cell's contents - regulating the flow of materials and allowing interactions with other cells - regulating the flow of materials

regulating the flow of materials and allowing interactions with other cells

Which of the following is present inside a prokaryotic cell? - chloroplasts - mitochondria - golgi apparatus - ribosomes - vesicles

ribosomes

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by - the cytoskeleton. - the extracellular matrix. - ribosomes. - the Golgi apparatus. - mitochondria.

ribosomes -Ribosomes dock on the rough ER, and proteins are completed inside the rough ER.

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? - ribosomes - nucleus - peroxisome - nucleoid region - capsule

ribosomes -Ribosomes are involved in the manufacture of polypeptides (proteins).

Where are lipids made in the cell? - mitochondria - Golgi apparatus - rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - ribosomes - smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -The smooth ER makes lipids

What is the purpose of the cell wall? - support of interaction between cells - prevent intruders from entering the cell - isolate and protect the cells contents - support and protection - regulating the flow of materials

support and protection -Plasma membranes are not stiff and cannot resist gravity or puncturing. Stiff cell walls can provide these functions.

In order to best eliminate the chance for rejection, a tissue or organ should be made from cells obtained from which of the following? -a cadaver -a donor pig -a sibling -the patient

the patient

Which of these processes is absolutely necessary for all of the others to function? - protein processing in the golgi apparatus - lysosomes digesting food particles - creating new plasma membrane - vesicle transport within the cell - protein export from the cell

vesicle transport within the cell -All of these processes require vesicles to move between organelles and other cellular structures.