Biology 101 Final

The increased efficiency of fishing has led to

loss of biodiversity in fish and other species.

Chromosomes are made from

condensed chromatin

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA

Eukaryotic cells move their organelles using

cytoskeleton

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

eliminate nitrogenous waste

which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane

Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except _______

secretion

The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by

sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones

DNA replication is called semiconservative because

the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule

List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex.1. organ system2. organism3. tissue4. organ5. cell

5, 3, 4, 1, 2

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

communication

A plant that uses CAM photosynthesis is most likely to be successful in what type of environment?

hot, dry

Human society in its current form is unsustainable because

important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished.

Micronutrients

include vitamins and minerals

While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis, he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, in what stage of the cell cycle would the majority of the cells be?

interphase

In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in

maintaining cell shape

Bacteria hold their DNA is region inside of their outer membrane. What is this region called?

nucleoid

The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.

overexposure to uv radiation

The final acceptor for hydrogen ions in aerobic cellular respiration is

oxygen

Susan was examining a cell under the microscope and noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the cell and the formation of nuclei at opposite poles of the cell. The cell under examination was most likely a(n)

plant cell undergoing cytokinesis

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

plasma membrane

Plant cells can communicate with each other using what structure?

plasmodesmata

Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA

proteins; nucleotides

The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ________, resulting in formation of ________

pyruvate; oxygen

Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are

renewable energy sources

Forests and other natural ecosystems, such as wetlands, exhibit the "sponge effect," meaning that they

soak up water from runoff and rainfall, releasing it at a regular rate that moderates flooding of streams and rivers

Which of the following minerals is typically overconsumed by Americans?

sodium

Humans are omnivores as shown by the type of

teeth they have

Nutrients that are deemed to be "essential" are those which

the body is not able to produce

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

tropical rainforest

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

tundra

which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA

uracil

Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion?

use of drip irrigation systems

Pollution is defined as

an undesirable alteration to the environment.

Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?

aquatic; marine

Wood and cotton cloth are composed of

cellulose

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

A stack of thylakoids inside a chloroplast are known as what?

granum

Muscle tone is ________.

a state of sustained partial contraction

Forests help to regulate the global climate by

absorbing carbon dioxide

Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis?

algae

Conservation biology supports all of the following ethical principles except

all animals have the same rights or legal status as humans.

You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

anaphase I

Movement of body parts directly requires the

muscular system and skeletal system.

Which is not a function of blood?

All are functions of blood

As humans continue to use fossil fuels as a primary source of energy, the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase dramatically. What is the effect of large-scale deforestation on the carbon in the atmosphere?

Because trees are a major sink for atmospheric carbon, fewer trees will result in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere for photosynthesis.

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction?

DNA to mRNA to protein

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is not a property of water?

It can be found as a solid, liquid, or gas.

How does climate change effect Earth's oceans?

The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

What is the main reason that the tundra does not have large plants?

The permafrost persists, even during the summer.

The best definition of a nutrient is

a food component which performs a physiological function in the body.

Most skeletal muscles contain ________.

a mixture of fiber types

Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone?

bacteria

A karyotype shows chromosomes arranged by

banding patterns, size, and shape

Energy needs are supplied by

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Which of the following is not a function of meiosis?

cause an organism to grow

Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?

cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

cellulose

Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain

essential amino acids.

Without tight junctions in certain tissues,

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.

Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

fossil fuels

During crossing-over,

genetic material is exchanged between nonsister chromatids, resulting in new combinations of alleles.

Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used?

glucose-lysosome

Humans store excess polysaccharides in the form of

glycogen

In which ways does overfishing lead to decreased biodiversity?

It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others

Muscular dystrophy affects the functioning of skeletal muscle. As this disease advances, it can impair the contraction of the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage. What effect will this have on the ability of people with this disease to carry out gas exchange?

It will decrease their ability to exchange air into and out of the lungs, decreasing gas exchange.

An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)

ion

Compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes

Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve

loss of plant and animal life in an area.

Deforestation may contribute toward climate change because

loss of trees disrupts the carbon cycle, limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration?

mitochondria

Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work?

mitochondria

The failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis is called

nondisjunction

Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll is found in the

thylakoid membrane

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function

surface-area-to-volume ratio

What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?

Producers absorb solar energy.

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?

compact bone

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

The major cause of the loss in Earth's biodiversity is

habitat loss