Biology 101 Final
The increased efficiency of fishing has led to
loss of biodiversity in fish and other species.
Chromosomes are made from
condensed chromatin
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both
contain DNA
Eukaryotic cells move their organelles using
cytoskeleton
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
eliminate nitrogenous waste
which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane
Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except _______
secretion
The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by
sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones
DNA replication is called semiconservative because
the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule
List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex.1. organ system2. organism3. tissue4. organ5. cell
5, 3, 4, 1, 2
Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
communication
A plant that uses CAM photosynthesis is most likely to be successful in what type of environment?
hot, dry
Human society in its current form is unsustainable because
important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished.
Micronutrients
include vitamins and minerals
While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis, he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, in what stage of the cell cycle would the majority of the cells be?
interphase
In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in
maintaining cell shape
Bacteria hold their DNA is region inside of their outer membrane. What is this region called?
nucleoid
The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.
overexposure to uv radiation
The final acceptor for hydrogen ions in aerobic cellular respiration is
oxygen
Susan was examining a cell under the microscope and noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the cell and the formation of nuclei at opposite poles of the cell. The cell under examination was most likely a(n)
plant cell undergoing cytokinesis
What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?
plasma membrane
Plant cells can communicate with each other using what structure?
plasmodesmata
Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA
proteins; nucleotides
The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ________, resulting in formation of ________
pyruvate; oxygen
Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are
renewable energy sources
Forests and other natural ecosystems, such as wetlands, exhibit the "sponge effect," meaning that they
soak up water from runoff and rainfall, releasing it at a regular rate that moderates flooding of streams and rivers
Which of the following minerals is typically overconsumed by Americans?
sodium
Humans are omnivores as shown by the type of
teeth they have
Nutrients that are deemed to be "essential" are those which
the body is not able to produce
Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?
tropical rainforest
Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?
tundra
which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA
uracil
Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion?
use of drip irrigation systems
Pollution is defined as
an undesirable alteration to the environment.
Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?
aquatic; marine
Wood and cotton cloth are composed of
cellulose
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
A stack of thylakoids inside a chloroplast are known as what?
granum
Muscle tone is ________.
a state of sustained partial contraction
Forests help to regulate the global climate by
absorbing carbon dioxide
Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis?
algae
Conservation biology supports all of the following ethical principles except
all animals have the same rights or legal status as humans.
You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?
anaphase I
Movement of body parts directly requires the
muscular system and skeletal system.
Which is not a function of blood?
All are functions of blood
As humans continue to use fossil fuels as a primary source of energy, the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase dramatically. What is the effect of large-scale deforestation on the carbon in the atmosphere?
Because trees are a major sink for atmospheric carbon, fewer trees will result in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere for photosynthesis.
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction?
DNA to mRNA to protein
Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is not a property of water?
It can be found as a solid, liquid, or gas.
How does climate change effect Earth's oceans?
The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.
What is the main reason that the tundra does not have large plants?
The permafrost persists, even during the summer.
The best definition of a nutrient is
a food component which performs a physiological function in the body.
Most skeletal muscles contain ________.
a mixture of fiber types
Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone?
bacteria
A karyotype shows chromosomes arranged by
banding patterns, size, and shape
Energy needs are supplied by
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
Which of the following is not a function of meiosis?
cause an organism to grow
Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?
cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human
The main structural component of a plant cell wall is
cellulose
Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain
essential amino acids.
Without tight junctions in certain tissues,
fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.
Which of the following is not a renewable resource?
fossil fuels
During crossing-over,
genetic material is exchanged between nonsister chromatids, resulting in new combinations of alleles.
Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used?
glucose-lysosome
Humans store excess polysaccharides in the form of
glycogen
In which ways does overfishing lead to decreased biodiversity?
It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others
Muscular dystrophy affects the functioning of skeletal muscle. As this disease advances, it can impair the contraction of the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage. What effect will this have on the ability of people with this disease to carry out gas exchange?
It will decrease their ability to exchange air into and out of the lungs, decreasing gas exchange.
An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)
ion
Compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells
lacks organelles beyond ribosomes
Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve
loss of plant and animal life in an area.
Deforestation may contribute toward climate change because
loss of trees disrupts the carbon cycle, limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration?
mitochondria
Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work?
mitochondria
The failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis is called
nondisjunction
Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll is found in the
thylakoid membrane
Both plants and animals need mitochondria to
produce ATP
Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function
surface-area-to-volume ratio
What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?
Producers absorb solar energy.
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?
compact bone
All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have
cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.
What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane provide?
greater surface area for ATP production
The major cause of the loss in Earth's biodiversity is
habitat loss