Biology 1407 Exam 1
What are Whittaker's 5 kingdoms?
(1)Kingdom Monera (2) Kingdom Protista (3) Kingdom Plantae (4) Kingdom Fungi (5) Kingdom Animalia
What does the biological species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries?
gene flow
Which of the following describes the most likely order of events in allopatric speciation?
genetic isolation, genetic drift, divergence
A genus name consists of what ?
group of closely related species and is capitalized
Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
near universality of the genetic code.
There is(are) _____ eukaryotic domain(s).
one
Which part of this visual model represents genetic information on a double helix representation ?
the sequence of Ts, Gs, Cs, and As
How did Whittaker attempt to adapt taxonomy?
to reflect phylogeny
True or false? Convergent evolution is said to have occurred if the mouse species on two islands with similar habitats are found to have similar characteristics even though they originated from different species that did not have these characteristics.
True
True or false? A flood that separates a population of frogs onto opposite sides of a lake is an example of a vicariance event that may result in allopatric speciation.
True
True or False The fewest differences in its DNA sequence the more closely related they are to each other.
True
True or False The only eukaryotic domain is the domain Eukarya.
True
True or False A monophyletic group consists of an ancestral population, all of its descendants, and only those descendants.
True
True or False A synapomorphy is a shared derived trait that identifies a monophyletic clade.
True
True or False Before the Theory of Evolution, biologists grouped organisms based on morphology.
True
True or False ? Mutation is important because it is the ultimate source of genetic variation
True
True or False? Kingdom is least specific Species is most specific
True
Choose the best definition of a fossil.
Any trace of an organism that lived in the past
What is the Hierarchy of the taxonomix groups ?
K P C O F S G S
What year was the system for naming species estabished?
1735
What is binomial nomenclature?
2-part scientific name for each type of organism
the Mesozoic era began approximately _____ million years ago.
251
The Precambrian time began at least _____ million years ago.
4,600
The Cenozoic era began approximately _____ million years ago.
65
What is genetic drift?
A change in allele frequencies caused by random events
How can mass extinction events be distinguished from background extinctions?
A mass extinction occurs when at least 60 percent of species are wiped out within 1 million years.
Which of the following best characterizes an adaptive radiation?
A single lineage diversifies rapidly, and descendant species occupy many habitats and ecological roles.
_____ is rapid speciation under conditions in which there is little competition.
Adaptive radiation
Which of the following statements about adaptive radiation is correct?
Adaptive radiation occurs within a single lineage.
Where do all species come from?
All species come from pre-existing speies and have a common ancestor.
_____ were the dominant vertebrate life form during the Paleozoic era.
Amphibians
Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.
Bacteria and Archaea
We are living during the _____era.
Cenozoic
_____ were the dominant vertebrate life form during the Mesozoic era.
Dinosaurs
Long necks make it easier for giraffes to reach leaves high on trees, while also making them better fighters in "neck wrestling" contests. In both cases, which kind of selection appears to have made giraffes the long-necked creatures they are today?
Directional Selection
Black-bellied seedcrackers have either small beaks (better for eating soft seeds) or large beaks (better for hard seeds). There are no seeds of intermediate hardness; therefore, which kind of selection acts on beak size in seedcrackers?
Disruptive selection
Which mode of natural selection is most likely to contribute to speciation?
Disruptive selection
Which type of selection tends to increase genetic variation?
Disruptive selection
A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.
Eukarya ... Animalia
A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____.
Eukarya ... Plantae
True or False? Heterozygote advantage refers to the tendency for heterozygous individuals to have better fitness than homozygous individuals. This higher fitness results in less genetic variation in the population.
False
True or false? A mating between a tetraploid individual and a diploid individual produces biologically fit offspring.
False
True or false? The last ice age produced many different species mainly because populations dispersed and colonized new habitats.
Fasle
Who was Carolus Linnaeus?
Father of taxonomy
What prevents speciation from occurring in sympatric populations?
Gene Flow
Select the correct statement about gene flow.
Gene flow makes allele frequencies more similar between populations.
How many chromosomes would be found in an allopolyploid plant if its parents had diploid numbers of 2 and 10, respectively?
Haploid number of 6
Which mechanism of reproductive isolation causes postzygotic isolation?
Hybrid sterility
Which organisms are not examples of an adaptive radiation?
Mammals and reptiles in the post-dinosaur age
Dinosaurs went extinct during the _____.
Mesozoic
Flowering plants first appeared during the _____.
Mesozoic
In the five-kingdom system, prokaryotes are placed in the kingdom _____.
Monera
Which evolutionary mechanism increases genetic variation in a population?
Mutation
Which evolutionary mechanism results in adaptation?
Natural selection
How can an allopolyploid plant become a biologically fit new species?
Nondisjunction event during mitosis
Bony fish first evolved during the
Paleozoic
Most modern animal phyla evolved during the _____ era.
Paleozoic
Reptiles first appeared during the _____ era.
Paleozoic
Seed plants first appeared during the _____.
Paleozoic
Which statement about genetic drift is correct?
The direction of evolutionary change due to genetic drift is random.
Animals first appeared during the
Precambrian
Life arose during the _____.
Precambrian
The first prokaryotic cells appeared during the _____.
Precambrian
In the five-kingdom system, which kingdom consists primarily of unicellular eukaryotes?
Protista
Which statement about fossilization is correct?
Rare, local, or ephemeral species leave a poor fossil record.
Which of the following statements about reinforcement is true?
Reinforcement is a type of natural selection.
What evidence supports the impact hypothesis for the end-Cretaceous extinction?
Sedimentary rocks from the K-Pg boundary layer contain large amounts of iridium
Evaluate this statement: Mutations are bad.
Some mutations are deleterious, but others can be beneficial or neutral.
Small Aristelliger lizards have difficulty defending territories, but large lizards are more likely to be preyed upon by owls. Which kind of selection acts on the adult body size of these lizards?
Stabalizing Selection
Women often have complications during labor while giving birth to very large babies, whereas very small babies tend to be underdeveloped. Which kind of selection is most likely at work regarding the birth weight of babies?
Stabalizing Selection
How do stabilizing and disruptive selection differ?
Stabilizing selection reduces the amount of variation in a trait. Disruptive selection increases the amount of variation in a trait.
Which term is used to describe populations that live close enough to interbreed?
Sympatry
True or False ? scientific names are always italicized (underlined when handwritten)
TRUE
What would be the ploidy of the viable gametes produced by a tetraploid individual if nondisjunction of all chromosomes occurred in meiosis I?
Tetraploid
Which of the situations below describes vicariance?
The Grand Canyon forms, separating two populations of squirrels on the North Rim and the South Rim.
How do autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy differ?
The chromosomes of an autopolyploid individual come from the same species, while an allopolyploid individual has sets of chromosomes from different species.
Evaluate this statement: Gene flow increases the genetic divergence of populations.
The statement is false; gene flow reduces the divergence of populations.
in a bell-shaped curve, the x-axis (horizontal direction) of the graph represents which of the following?
The value of a particular characteristic; characteristics of an organism can include such traits as size and color.
In the two-kingdom system, why were fungi classified in the kingdom Plantae?
They are sedentary
Which of the following statements about autopolyploid individuals is true?
They contain more than two haploid sets of chromosomes.
What is the advantage of the organismal naming system that Linnaeus developed?
Two different organisms never end up with the same genus and species name.
Is kindgom less specific than species ?
YES
What is a misnomer ?
a misleading name
Mass extinctions create conditions that promote _____.
adaptive radiation
The appearance of an evolutionary novelty promotes _____.
adaptive radiation
The different finch species found on the Galápagos Islands probably arose as a result of _____.
adaptive radiation
What kinds of characters can you use to create a data matrix for estimating phylogenetic trees?
any heritable trait
Why was latin and greek used for naming?
avoids problems of... ð different languages ð regional names ð misnomers (misleading names)
A species name is always what ?
distinct type of organism, individuals regularly interbreed, lowercase
Feathers either play a role, or may have played a role, in _____.
extended hops gliding courtship flight
Generation-to-generation change in the allele frequencies in a population is _____.
microevolution
Characteristics of Protists include ...
mostly unicellular eukaryotes, though they also include multicellular algae.
Which of the following are causes of evolutionary change?
natural selection genetic drift mutation gene flow
Most causes of speciation are relatively slow, in that they may take many generations to see changes, with the exception of _____.
polyploidy
Natural selection
process that explains the pattern of evolution
Part complete Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because _____.
protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack
What is one thing natural selection results in?
results in evolution within populations of a species.
What is one thing natural selesction reaults in?
results in populations of 1 species diverging into new species
Which of the following groups could be identified using the biological species concept?
sunflower species living today lizard species living today
What do the 1's and 0's represent in a data matrix?
the presence or absence of a trait in a taxon