Biology 3.1 Study Guide

All cells have what 5 things?

cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, and cytoskeleton

True or false? Viruses are definitely cells.

false, viruses are not cells.

A cells shape is usually related to the cells ______________.

function

Organelles are located where?

In the cytoplasm.

Why are cells shaped the way each one is?

Cells are shaped to match their functions. For example Nerve cells have multiple extensions that look like electricity, and red blood cells are round and flat-like.

True or False? All organisms are made of more than one cell.

False

Viruses are similar to prokaryotic cells. True or False?

False

Even though they are both complex, compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells are complex. True or False?

True

True or False? Early microscopes created by Leeuwenhoek were almost as strong as modern light microscopes.

True

True or False? Organelles allow Eukaryotic cells to carry out more functions that Prokaryotic cells.

True

True or False? The observation of cork helped in the discovery of cells.

True

Viruses can cause what?

disease

What is an organelle?

A membrane-bound structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell. (Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane bound organelles)

Name some differences and similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells both have a cell wall, ribosomes, DNA, cytoskeletons,and cytoplasm, but prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles unlike eukaryotic cells.

Where are proteins made?

Proteins are made on ribosomes.

Leeuwenhoek discovered ________________ by looking at the plaque from his teeth.

bacteria

All organisms are made up of _____________ _____ _____________ cells.

one or more

What are the three parts of cell theory?

All organisms are made up of one or more cells, All the life functions of organisms occur within cells, and All cells come from already existing cells.

What is similar to prokaryotic cells?

Bacteria/bacterium

Why are cells so small?

Cells need to be small to be efficient. If they were big, the nutrients and oxygen they need to carry through the body wouldn't get to the nucleus fast enough to support us. Also They produce more waste being bigger.

What did Leeuwenhoek do?

He made his own microscope lenses that were nearly as powerful as modern day microscopes.He discovered human blood cells, and when he scraped plaque off of his teeth, he found "animalcules/tiny animals" which is now known as bacteria.

What did Robert Hooke do?

He was one of the earliest scientists to study living things under a microscope. He found what he named "cells" in a cork sample he decided to look at.

Where is DNA located in a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

In a prokaryotic cell, the DNA is in the cytoplasm, and in a eukaryotic cell, the DNA is located in the nucleus.

Why is the statement, "All organisms are made of more than one cell" false?

It is false because all organisms don't have to be made of more than one cell, some organisms are single-celled.

What are some examples of organelles?

Mitochondria, Vacuoles, Lysosomes, etc.

Are viruses considered living? Why or why not?

No, because they don't show any of the properties of life. (Ex. they don't reproduce, they infect hosts and live off of the host.)

Organisms with prokaryotic cells are called what?

Prokaryotes

Who made the observation of cork?

Robert Hooke

What is a nucleus?

The nucleus of a cell is a structure in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a membrane (the nuclear membrane) and contains DNA.

Organisms with eukaryotic cells are called what?

eukaryotes

__________________ cells are usually larger than ____________________ cells.

eukaryotic , Prokaryotic

The plasma membrane is a bilayer of ______________________ that surrounds a cell.

phospholipids

The plasma membrane forms the _____________ _____________ between a cell and its environment.

physical boundary