Biology

pro-, pre-

before

hypo-

below/less than

som-

body

chloroplasts

capture energy from sun and convert it into food that contains chemical energy

cyte-, cyt-

cell

-karyo-

cell nucleus

what are the cell boundaries

cell wall and cell membrane

what organelles capture and release energy

chloroplasts and mitochondria

eukaryotes have

complex cells, contain a nucleus, contain membrane bound organelles, unicellular or multicellular, kingdoms: Protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

lysosomes

contain enzymes to break down unwanted material (cleanup crew)

nucleus

control most cell processes and contains DNA

mitochondria

convert chemical energy from food into compounds the cell can use

concentration gradient

difference between two concentrations of a substance in two adjoining areas

pino-

drinking

phago-

eating

this type of transport uses vesicles to move material across the cell membrane

endocytosis

protein pump

energy is used to move molecules against the concentration gradient through a protein.

iso-

equal

isotonic

equal solute, equal water. animal cells prefer this

which cell has Golgi apparatus

eukaryote

which cell has cytoskeleton

eukaryote

which cell has endoplasmic reticulum

eukaryote

which cell has mitochondria

eukaryote

which cell has nucleus

eukaryote

which cell has vacuoles and vesicles

eukaryote

molecules that move easily through phospholipid bilayer

fats and other lipids. small, non-polar molecules

peripheral (surface) protein

found on one side of membrane. outer surface proteins are for cell recognition or attachment. inner surface proteins are for attachment of cytoskeleton. is below the carbohydrate.

chloro-

green

what is a function of proteins within the cell membrane

help transport molecules across the membrane

transmembrane (integral) protein

helps large and/or polar molecules to pass through membrane. specific. spans entire membrane (through both bi-layers). large circles between the cotton swab.

cholesterol

helps prevent the fatty acid tails from sticking together. keeps the membrane fluid and flexible. looks like tiny circles inside the cotton swab.

hypotonic

less solute, more water. water moves INTO the cell. plant cells prefer this

the purpose of cellular transport is to help the cell....

maintain homeostasis

Golgi apparatus

modifies proteins, sorts and packages proteins (airport crew)

hypertonic

more solute, less water. water moves OUT the cell.

simple diffusion

movement of small, non polar molecules directly through the phospholipid bilayer

what is the cellular control center structure

nucleus

which cell has centrioles

only animal cell

which cell has lysosomes

only animal cells

which cell has chloroplasts

only plant cells

which cell has a cell wall

plant cell and prokaryotic

molecules that do not move easily through phospholipid bilayer

polar molecules, ions (charged), large molecules

cytoskeleton

proteins that help maintain the cells shape, plus aids with movement

cell wall

provides supports and protection for the cell

cell membrane

regulates what enters and exits the cell -maintaines homeostasis

active transport

requires energy from the cell. molecules move up the concentration gradient. molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

passive transport

requires no energy from cell. molecules move down the concentration gradient. molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

what organelles build proteins

ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

homeo- homo-

same/alike

prokaryotes have

simple cells, no nucleus, no membrane (bound organelles), unicellular, kingdoms: eubacteria and archaebacteria

ribosomes

site of protein synthesis, make proteins for the cell and modify, moves proteins through cell, cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasms in a cell

-stat/-stasis

standing/staying

vacuoles

stores material for cells like food

centrioles

structure in an animals cell that's helps to organize cell division

osmosis

the diffusion of water through an aquaporin. this is an example of facilitated diffusion

facilitated diffusion

the movement of large and/or polar molecules through a transmembrane protein (integral protein)

-phobia

to fear

-Phil-

to love

vesicles

transport material within cells

eu-

true

what organelles store, clean up, and support structures

vacuoles and vesicles, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles

endoplasmic reticulum

where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

all cells have what

DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm

which cell has a cell membrane

BOTH prokaryote and eukaryote

which cell has ribosomes

BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes

phospholipid

a molecule that forms a bi-layer to make up the cell membrane. Looks like a ear swab.

hyper-

above-more than

Cell theory

all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure&function for an organism, cells come from pre-existing cells

archae-

ancient

carbohydrate chain (glycolipid or glycoprotein)

attached to proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids). allow for cell recognition (ID tag) and communication (receive/send chemical signals). is at the top looking like a signal.