Biology
pro-, pre-
before
hypo-
below/less than
som-
body
chloroplasts
capture energy from sun and convert it into food that contains chemical energy
cyte-, cyt-
cell
-karyo-
cell nucleus
what are the cell boundaries
cell wall and cell membrane
what organelles capture and release energy
chloroplasts and mitochondria
eukaryotes have
complex cells, contain a nucleus, contain membrane bound organelles, unicellular or multicellular, kingdoms: Protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
lysosomes
contain enzymes to break down unwanted material (cleanup crew)
nucleus
control most cell processes and contains DNA
mitochondria
convert chemical energy from food into compounds the cell can use
concentration gradient
difference between two concentrations of a substance in two adjoining areas
pino-
drinking
phago-
eating
this type of transport uses vesicles to move material across the cell membrane
endocytosis
protein pump
energy is used to move molecules against the concentration gradient through a protein.
iso-
equal
isotonic
equal solute, equal water. animal cells prefer this
which cell has Golgi apparatus
eukaryote
which cell has cytoskeleton
eukaryote
which cell has endoplasmic reticulum
eukaryote
which cell has mitochondria
eukaryote
which cell has nucleus
eukaryote
which cell has vacuoles and vesicles
eukaryote
molecules that move easily through phospholipid bilayer
fats and other lipids. small, non-polar molecules
peripheral (surface) protein
found on one side of membrane. outer surface proteins are for cell recognition or attachment. inner surface proteins are for attachment of cytoskeleton. is below the carbohydrate.
chloro-
green
what is a function of proteins within the cell membrane
help transport molecules across the membrane
transmembrane (integral) protein
helps large and/or polar molecules to pass through membrane. specific. spans entire membrane (through both bi-layers). large circles between the cotton swab.
cholesterol
helps prevent the fatty acid tails from sticking together. keeps the membrane fluid and flexible. looks like tiny circles inside the cotton swab.
hypotonic
less solute, more water. water moves INTO the cell. plant cells prefer this
the purpose of cellular transport is to help the cell....
maintain homeostasis
Golgi apparatus
modifies proteins, sorts and packages proteins (airport crew)
hypertonic
more solute, less water. water moves OUT the cell.
simple diffusion
movement of small, non polar molecules directly through the phospholipid bilayer
what is the cellular control center structure
nucleus
which cell has centrioles
only animal cell
which cell has lysosomes
only animal cells
which cell has chloroplasts
only plant cells
which cell has a cell wall
plant cell and prokaryotic
molecules that do not move easily through phospholipid bilayer
polar molecules, ions (charged), large molecules
cytoskeleton
proteins that help maintain the cells shape, plus aids with movement
cell wall
provides supports and protection for the cell
cell membrane
regulates what enters and exits the cell -maintaines homeostasis
active transport
requires energy from the cell. molecules move up the concentration gradient. molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
passive transport
requires no energy from cell. molecules move down the concentration gradient. molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
what organelles build proteins
ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
homeo- homo-
same/alike
prokaryotes have
simple cells, no nucleus, no membrane (bound organelles), unicellular, kingdoms: eubacteria and archaebacteria
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis, make proteins for the cell and modify, moves proteins through cell, cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasms in a cell
-stat/-stasis
standing/staying
vacuoles
stores material for cells like food
centrioles
structure in an animals cell that's helps to organize cell division
osmosis
the diffusion of water through an aquaporin. this is an example of facilitated diffusion
facilitated diffusion
the movement of large and/or polar molecules through a transmembrane protein (integral protein)
-phobia
to fear
-Phil-
to love
vesicles
transport material within cells
eu-
true
what organelles store, clean up, and support structures
vacuoles and vesicles, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles
endoplasmic reticulum
where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled
all cells have what
DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm
which cell has a cell membrane
BOTH prokaryote and eukaryote
which cell has ribosomes
BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes
phospholipid
a molecule that forms a bi-layer to make up the cell membrane. Looks like a ear swab.
hyper-
above-more than
Cell theory
all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure&function for an organism, cells come from pre-existing cells
archae-
ancient
carbohydrate chain (glycolipid or glycoprotein)
attached to proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids). allow for cell recognition (ID tag) and communication (receive/send chemical signals). is at the top looking like a signal.