Biology am 4 Part 2

What does an age pyramid with a broad base that quickly slopes up to a narrow top indicate?

A developing nation.

How is a population defined in ecology?

A group of organisms, all from the same species.

What carries a signal from one neuron to the next?

A neurotransmitter.

What is environmentalism?

A philosophical and social movement concerned with preserving the environment.

What causes genital herpes?

A virus

What is a wolf that eats a rabbit that eats grass?

A) consumer

What is the hormone that stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

What is the hormone that regulates sodium and potassium levels in the blood?

Aldosterone

What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle?

Allergy

What is the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged between the respiratory system and the circulatory system?

Alveoli.

What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system?

Alveoli.

What type of disorder is AIDS?

An immunodeficiency

Which form of contraception is removable?

An intrauterine device

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Anatomy refers to the structure of a body part, while physiology refers to the function of a body part.

What is the hormone that regulates blood pressure by constricting blood vessels?

Angiotensin II

What is the hormone that regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

How do the flow of energy and the flow of nutrients in ecosystems compare?

B) Both function in the same way, as both energy and nutrients come in and out of ecosystems

What is a community in ecology?

B) populations from multiple species interacting in the same place

What is the formula for calculating BMI?

BMI = weight (kg) / height^2 (m^2).

What do veins carry?

Blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide.

What is the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart?

Body → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Lungs → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Body.

Which of the following statements about bones is false?

Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them.

What is a major protein found in muscles?

Both actin and myosin

How is BMI calculated?

By using a person's height and weight.

What is grass in the context of a wolf eating a rabbit that eats grass?

C) producer

What are the thinnest blood vessels?

Capillaries.

What is the pulmonary circuit responsible for?

Circulating blood from the heart to the lungs.

What is the systemic circuit responsible for?

Circulating blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem?

D) A community includes interacting populations without their surrounding environment, while an ecosystem includes the surrounding environment

What is an ecosystem?

D) a collection of all the living and nonliving things in a given area

What type of limiting factor is a sudden natural catastrophe resulting in massive die-offs?

Density-independent.

How is diabetes linked with homeostasis?

Diabetes disrupts the body's ability to maintain blood sugar levels.

What is the hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the kidneys?

Erythropoietin

What is the process by which the kidneys remove waste products from the bloodstream and excrete them as urine?

Excretion

What type of growth models do bacteria follow?

Exponential growth.

Are ecology and environmentalism the same discipline?

FALSE

Your thigh bone, the largest bone in your body, is called the ________.

Femur.

What is the process by which the kidneys filter blood?

Filtration

What does form refer to?

Form refers to anatomical structure.

What does function refer to?

Function refers to physiological actions.

What is the hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland?

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

What type of joint allows movement only in one direction?

Hinges

Where does the ovule go from the ovary?

In the uterus

What does the urinary system do?

It produces and excretes urine, maintains water balance in the body, and filters toxins out of the bloodstream.

What are the possible causes of weight gain?

Lack of a key nutrient, consuming too many calories, chronic consumption of spicy food, bacterial infection.

What can ecology be carried out by?

Learning by observing and running experiments to test hypotheses.

What would happen if sensory neurons in the hand couldn't transmit a signal?

Loss of sensation in the hand

What would happen if the sensory neurons in your hand could not transmit a signal?

Loss of sensation in the hand

What type of receptor in the ear is responsible for the sense of hearing?

Mechanoreceptors.

Which of the following is not categorized as connective tissue?

Muscle.

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron

What is the correct hierarchy of organization in the body?

Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell.

What are organs made up of?

Organs are made up of different types of tissues.

What is the respiratory system responsible for exchanging?

Oxygen is inhaled, while carbon dioxide is exhaled.

What is the hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Prevents food from entering the windpipe.

What are examples of goods and services provided by the environment?

Raw materials, water treatment, erosion control.

What is the process by which the kidneys reabsorb useful substances back into the bloodstream?

Reabsorption

How long does it take for an ovule to go from the ovary to the uterus?

Seven days

How do the muscles in your arm extend your arm outward?

Some muscles in your arm relax, and others contract, pulling the arm straight

What is the spinal cord part of?

The central nervous system

Which brain structure is the largest and most complex?

The cerebrum

Which of the following is an organ system?

The circulatory system.

What is an action potential?

The electric signal used by neurons to transfer information.

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

The heart, blood vessels, and blood.

There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller?

The hypothalamus

Which brain structure controls hormone secretion?

The hypothalamus

Which brain structure controls the secretion of hormones in the rest of the body?

The hypothalamus

What does a dispersion pattern refer to?

The spacing of organisms throughout a habitat.

How does a gastric bypass lead to patient losing weight?

The stomach is reduced in size so patients eat less.

What is ecology?

The study of interactions between living organisms and their environments.

What are hormones?

They are chemicals transported in the blood that affect target cells throughout the body.

Where do fat-soluble hormones act?

They bind to receptors in the cytoplasm of target cells after diffusing through the plasma membrane.

What is the defining characteristic of all arteries?

They only carry blood away from the heart.

What is the hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

What are tissues made up of?

Tissues are made up of similar cells.

What is the main role of the peripheral nervous system?

To convey information to and from the central nervous system

What is the purpose of dialysis treatments?

To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream.

What is the primary role of the respiratory system?

To exchange gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide.

What is the main role of kidneys?

To filter blood and remove toxins from it.

What is the purpose of the epiglottis?

To prevent food from entering the windpipe.

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system.

To produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

What is the function of gastric bypass surgery?

To reduce the size of the stomach so patients eat less.

What is the function of the urethra?

To transport urine from the bladder out of the body.

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder?

Ureters

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus?

Vaccines

What are the potential consequences of a bacterial infection?

Weight gain.

What are the potential consequences of a lack of key nutrients?

Weight gain.

What are the potential consequences of chronic consumption of spicy food?

Weight gain.

What are the potential consequences of consuming too many calories?

Weight gain.

What are the potential consequences of lacking a key nutrient?

Weight gain.

What are lymphocytes?

White blood cells

The way the pancreas regulates glucose levels in the blood stream follows ________.

a negative feedback mechanism