Biology Ch. 33 & 34

The best example of an animal phylum with enhanced overall surface area is ____________.

Plathylminthes

Which Chordate group has all four chordate characteristics as an adult, not just as an embryo?

Lancelets

A newly discovered species of shelled marine organisms could be a(n) ______________?

mollusc or brachiopod

Which is the closest living group to the primates?

monotremes

Which trait is shared by all vertebrates except cyclostomes at some point in development?

mouth with jaws

If you discovered a new organism with 10 jointed legs, you would expect it to have _____________.

muscles attached to an exoskeleton

The major difference between the two divisions of annelids, the errantians and sedentarians, is that ____________.

sedentarians are less mobile than errantians

Early vertebrate fossils called conodonts can be identified by all the following features except ______________.

an inner ear with two semicircular canals

Which correctly describes phylogenetic relationships among birds, mammals, and reptiles?

birds share the closest common ancestor with dinosaurs

The least-important threat faced by freshwater and terrestrial mollusks is _________________.

changes in how water is released from dams

Which phylum has a water vascular system?

echinoderms

Which statement misdescribes the lateral line system?

it is used in digestion

Which would be a great surprise if found in the body of a sponge?

limb

If you wanted to show and example of segmentation to a group of visiting students, which phylum would be the best choice?

Arthropoda

A confused friend from your course has made a halloween costume that is supposed to show one animal phylum. It has a hard outer shell and a water vascular system. You point out that the costume combines features of _____________.

Arthropoda and Echinodermata

Which group does not belong? a) Pterosaurs b) Cartilaginous fish c) Amphibians d) Mammals

Cartilaginous fish

If you wanted to obtain a large amount of nervous tissue with the least amount of dissection and processing what phylum would you use for your sample?

Chordata

In which choice is the first group phylogenetically part of the second group? a) hominins; primates b) cartilaginous fish; fish c) all of these d) birds; reptiles e) eutherians; mammals

all of these

The dominant invertebrate predator of the seas for hundreds of millions of years until the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period was the _____________

ammonite

If you introduced the following groups of vertebrates to a newly formed island with little surface water, which would probably become dominant? a) coelacanths b) amphibians c) reptiles d) bony fish

reptiles

Which group soon outcompeted amphibians on land due to their watertight skin and eggs?

reptiles

Which osteichthyan structure allows bony fishes to control their buoyancy using gases from their blood?

swim bladder

Which statement about mollusks would lose points on an exam?

they are the most diverse phylum

When early systematists distinguished cartilaginous fishes from bony fishes, it was not clear when bony skeletons first appeared. What suggests that bony skeletons came first, followed by cartilaginous ones?

traces of bone tissue are found in living and fossil chondrichthyes

If these animal phyla had a cocktail party, which one would feel most unwelcome? a) Mollusca b) Nematoda c) Cnidaria d) Arthropoda e) Chordata

Chordata

Which statement about arthropods would lose points on an exam? a) Arthropod bodies are completely covered by a cuticle b) Arthropods have an open circulatory system c) Terrestrial arthropods have internal structures specialized for gas exchange d) arthropods have well-developed sensory organs e) most arthropod sensory organs are concentrated at the posterior end

Most arthropod sensory organs are concentrated at the posterior end

Which statement about Nematodes is incorrect?

Trichinella spiralis has become a model research organism in biology

Which pair has convergent features? a) none of these b) lizard & marsupial c) bony fish & chondrichthyes d) snake & caecilian e) bird & monotreme

snake & caecilian